What does snake venom do? What is snake venom used for? What is the mechanism of treatment?

Snake venom has high medicinal value. Pharmacological studies have proved that snake venom contains pharmacological functional components such as procoagulation, fibrinolysis, anticancer, and analgesia. It can prevent the formation of stroke, cerebral thrombosis, and also prevent the formation of vasospasm occlusion, coronary heart disease, multiple Takayasu's arteritis, acral artery spasm, retinal artery, vein occlusion and other diseases; Snake venom also has a certain effect on relieving the symptoms of advanced cancer patients, especially the analgesic effect, which has attracted the attention of the world.

The snake venom is made into a variety of antivenom serum, which is used for all kinds of poisonous snake bites, which has the effect of medicine to eliminate the disease, and has been widely promoted.

What exactly is the effect of snake venom? It looks inconspicuous, but it actually plays too big a role.

Snake venom is mainly divided into blood toxins and neurotoxins and mixed toxins.

The mechanism of action of blood toxins is mainly hemolysis, which causes red blood cells to rupture, and the prey is incapacitated due to lack of nutrients and oxygen transport.

Neurotoxins, on the other hand, act mainly on nerves, destroying some enzymes in nerves, such as acetylcholinelinease, because if the neurotransmitter is not broken down, it will cause neurons to continue to be excited or inhibited - one of its symptoms is muscle tremors, convulsions, and paralysis. The prey loses its ability to move due to the continuous excitation or inhibition of the nerves (for the relevant content of neuromodulation, please refer to the first section of Chapter 2 of the compulsory third course of the high school biological human education edition).

A simple explanation is more or less so, and if there are any mistakes, you can point them out.

It seems that you can make medicine, fight poison with poison.

1. Anticoagulant efficacy: snake venom antylase has been developed, which can lower blood lipids, dilate blood vessels, reduce the content of thromboxane in the blood, increase prostacyclin, and relax the smooth muscle of blood vessels, which is an ideal anticoagulant thrombolytic preparation.

2. Hemostasis effect: using a procoagulant ingredient mentioned from vipers, it is used in clinical surgery, internal medicine, otolaryngology, obstetrics and gynecology and other bleeding diseases.

3. Snake venom has analgesic effect: The analgesic effect of snake venom is very mature and has been applied in many places. As early as 1976, the Kunming Institute of Zoology in Yunnan Province successfully developed the clinical use of Ke Yan Ling in various pain diseases from the eye snake venom, and achieved a unique analgesic effect.

Poisonous snakes vs. non-venomous snakes.

How to distinguish between venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes, it is not enough for ordinary people to distinguish whether the head is triangular or whether the tail is thick and short, or whether the color is bright. Although the head of a venomous snake is distinctly triangular, there are also venomous snakes that do not have a triangular head; The pseudo-pit viper, which is not a venomous snake, has a triangular head. Five-step snakes, belly snakes, and cobras do have thick tails, but the tails of soldering iron heads are more elongated; Many brightly colored snakes, such as the jade-spotted snake and the fire red chain snake, are not venomous snakes, while pit vipers are earthy or shit-like, which is very unsightly, but very venomous.

Therefore, the distinction between venomous and non-venomous snakes is mainly based on the following points:

1. Venom glands Poisonous snakes have venom glands, and non-venomous snakes do not have venom glands. The venom gland evolved from the salivary gland. Located on the sides of the head and behind the eyes, it is trapped in the jaw muscles and secretes venom.

When a venomous snake bites, the muscles surrounding the venom glands contract, and the venom is injected into the body of the bitten target through the tube or groove of the venom tube and fang, causing poisoning, which non-venomous snakes do not have.

2. The venom tube is a pipe that transports venom, which is connected between the venom gland and the fang. Only venomous snakes have venom tubes.

3. Venomous fangs Vipers have venomous fangs, which are located in front of or behind the non-venomous fangs of the maxilla, which are both longer and larger than the non-venomous fangs.

So, which non-venomous snakes are easily confused with venomous snakes?

Several kinds of non-venomous snakes that are often mistaken for poisonous snakes, because of their special appearance, bright spots, and vicious temperament, they are often regarded as poisonous snakes by some local people and panic, in fact, this snake is harmless to the human body when it bites. Such as tabby snake (also known as pheasant snake), red chain snake (also known as fire red chain) and so on.

The non-venomous snake Yellow Chain Snake (also known as the Yellow Red Chain), which is easy to be confused with venomous snakes in appearance or color spots, is often mistaken for a krait snake because of the black and yellow horizontal stripes on its back; The black-backed white-ringed snake is also easily mistaken for a silver-backed snake because of the black and white horizontal stripes on the snake's back; The neck edge snake (also known as the pseudo-pit viper) has a thick body and a short tail, a tan back, two rows of thick dark brown patches, and a slightly triangular head, which looks very much like a pit viper or pit viper; The green snake (also known as the green bamboo mark) is often confused with the bamboo leaf green because the whole body is green.

According to your description, a circle of black snakes and a circle of red snakes, I suspect that they are tabby snakes or red chain snakes. Both are non-venomous snakes The picture below is a red chain snake.

Venomous snakes are snakes that secrete special venoms. It is a cunning and vicious predator, a keen senses, so that the prey has nowhere to escape, a strange attack that makes death follow the poisonous snake, the head is mostly a triangular venom gland that can secrete venom When the snake bites a person or animal, the venom flows out of the fangs, so that the bitten person or animal is injected with poison, and the pit shoots the white flower snake, etc., which is the venom of the poisonous snake, which can be used for medicine.