The reasons for the backwardness of modern Chinese mathematics, the reasons for the backwardness of

Hello landlord, the reason why modern mathematics in China is backward is because of the old-fashioned and backward imperial examination system, and scholars only know the four books and five classics, and do not study science at all.

China has been a highly centralized society since ancient times, focusing on social tranquility and people's stability, so the development of natural science is considered small and small under this system, and it is not very important, so it is natural that modern mathematics will fall behind.

Closed the country, self-holy and high.

The external and internal mechanisms of Chinese mathematics are often intertwined to form a joint force and give a huge impetus to the development of mathematics. This led to the rapid rise of modern mathematics in the West.

First, China is still an agrarian society in modern times. Although there was a sprout of commodity economy in modern China, due to various reasons, this sprout did not grow and expand. Therefore, it is determined that there can be no large-scale machine production in China, and of course, it is impossible to move from an agricultural society to an industrial society.

Second, China's mechanics is fragmented and in the empirical stage. Knowledge of mechanics in China has long been produced.

For example, as early as the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C., the Book of Ink contains a discussion of forces, the balance of force systems, and simple mechanisms such as levers and inclined planes. And in the process of thousands of years, a large number of rich mechanical knowledge has been formed. However, it should be pointed out that China's knowledge of mechanics has always been scattered, empirical, and related to artifacts, and has never established a mechanical system like Newtonian mechanics.

Third, the internal mechanism of the development of mathematics in China has also played a certain role and produced some mathematical achievements. However, due to the fact that there is no theoretical system of mathematics and no new branches of mathematics are produced, it is always repeated at a low level, and there are no major breakthroughs.

Ancient China was far ahead of the world in the fields of handicrafts, astronomy, medicine and mathematics, with many far-reaching scientific works, skilled craftsmen that have been passed down through the ages, and ingenious crafts that have amazed modern people, and even a great technological invention that has contributed to the progress of the entire world civilization. However, in modern times, the development of science and technology has lagged far behind that of Western capitalist countries.

The reason for the backwardness of Chinese mathematics at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty wasThe corruption of feudal rule went into decline, and in such an environment of political corruption, economic backwardness, and peasant uprisings one after another, after the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, the mathematics of the Middle and Dry Duan Kingdoms declined sharply, and several works at the end of the Yuan Dynasty only improved the multiplication and division algorithm.

After the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, Chinese mathematics declined sharply, and several works at the end of the Yuan Dynasty only improved the multiplication and division algorithm. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (1403-1425 AD), the Yongle Hu Defeat Kai Dictionary was revised, and the previous Chinese mathematical works were classified and transcribed according to their origins, various mathematical methods, phonetic meanings, and compilations. The mathematical works of the Han, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties were mostly scattered in the Ming Dynasty, and the "Four Libraries Quanshu" was revised in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and the ancient Chinese arithmetic books relied on this to reappear.

History of Chinese Mathematics:

After the Yuan and Ming dynasties, with the completion of the calculation algorithm, abacus arithmetic was produced and popularized, and a number of works on abacus appeared in the Ming Dynasty. Its most important author is Cheng Dawei's "Algorithm Tongzong" Fan 17 volumes, 595 questions. Adapted to the needs of commercial development, the book uses abacus as the main calculation tool and contains the abacus method.

This book will be in the future.

The second and third hundred years have been reprinted and adapted many times, and it is rare to spread widely. Cheng Dawei, whose name is Rusi, is called Qubin, a native of Xiuning (now Tunxi District, Huangshan City), who once did business in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, paid attention to collecting arithmetic and mathematical problems, and wrote this book in his later years.

1.Ancient Chinese mathematics was often empirical, that is to say, it was based on the laws derived from long-term and repeated practice, and the laws summarized from practice, which were only a kind of induction, but lacked strict auspicious orange proofs. This is closely related to ancient Chinese philosophy and China's way of thinking, which does not attach much importance to logical reasoning, unlike Western philosophy.

Zoshi. 2.There is a lack of seriousness and systematization. It is very fragmented and has not become a system, taking the most famous mathematical work in ancient China, "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" as an example, it only explains the interesting phenomena and results one by one, and the chapters are divided according to practicality (i.e., agricultural production), but it is not a mathematical system.

Add a little ground floor. Most importantly, from the beginning of the Song Dynasty, science (not the science of science, which was proposed by Zhu Xi, Wang Yangming and others on the basis of Confucianism) flourished, and then science was set as orthodox by the rulers. In addition, the official system of the Song Dynasty emphasized literature and light military force.

and the idea of emphasizing literature over reason in traditional Confucian thought. Finally, there are the limitations of the smallholder economy, which hinders the development of subjects such as mathematics.

This is due to:The ancient scientific knowledge was very backward, and the equal difference was formed.

The ancients had relatively poor means of understanding the world, and there were few tools, so they could only use themUnproven, popular perception, astronomical wonders, fantasyand so on, to demonstrate or understand the world.

China is the only ancient civilization that is good at discovering the objective world in ancient timesUniversal lawwithComplex calculations.

This one of themUniversal lawIt includes the 24 solar terms, the stems of the heavens and the earth, and various agricultural proverbs ....... WhileComplex calculations. There are eight trigrams, sixty-four hexagrams (roughly the Book of Changes), hourglass sundials, various feng shui numerology deductions, and nine chapters of arithmetic.

Although China has achieved remarkable achievements in ancient mathematics, it is clear that this mathematics is only used for general deductions, not for precise scientific calculations. With the continuous improvement and division of modern mathematics, China has lagged too far behind in mathematics! Because the basic theories and derivations of mathematics, as well as their derivatives, were all proposed and developed in the West.

In other words, it isChina's scientific and technological knowledge is lagging behind!

The overall level is backward and unevenly distributed.

1.The main reason is the impact of the closure of the country

2.Chinese culture has an element of arrogance and despises foreign cultures.

3.Chinese culture focuses on practice and ignores theory, while Western research on theory can be more fruitful (for example, China's inventions are all inventions, and these inventions are very coincidental, and often many Chinese inventors are illiterate).

4.Chinese culture emphasizes officials over industry, that is to say, education in ancient times was for the purpose of being officials, but the education that really developed science and engineering science did not. Only historians (most of them astrology, astronomy) have some physical ability, but there are very few of them, and most of them are hereditary.

5.For geographical reasons, China does not need to trade with foreign countries and is basically self-sufficient. In addition, if the cost of going to sea is large, especially the cost of going to the Americas, there are basically no colonies in China.

The West was culturally backward before the discovery of the New World, and I think that the great geographical discoveries contributed to the Renaissance (or mutual reinforcing).

6.For political reasons, China has always liked foolish people, and the people are fools who will not rebel, and Europe has been emphasizing democracy since ancient times, of course, Europe that was proud of illiteracy in the Middle Ages has no future, but after the Renaissance, the great progress of Europeans' thinking has opened their horizons. Maybe it's comparable to Tang, it's a pity.

7.For international reasons, the international community does not want China to be so strong that it is not controlled by itself, so the international community is not particularly supportive.

8.For national reasons, many Chinese people went out after the Westernization Movement and learned a lot of advanced science, but the country may not reuse these people, and these people may live better abroad. (The main thing is that it is useless for them to return to China, there are no experimental conditions, there is no funding, and the whole country is trying to export underwear.)

This is now).

9.Other reasons, perhaps with a lot of luck, natural and man-made disasters, wars. It was the end of the Qing Dynasty, and if there had been a dynastic change in China around 1750 and a new wise emperor came to power, that might have changed.

Of course, history cannot repeat itself. Thinking about it for the time being, I think that finding the cause is not the most important thing, but the important thing is to find the reason and how to solve the current situation that China is still lagging behind.