What is the festival of the new year, and what is the festival of the small year

Xiao Nian is a traditional festival of the Han nationality in China, also known as Xie Zao, Sacrificial Stove Festival, Stove King Festival, Sacrificial Stove, in different places the date is different, in the lunar calendar on the 23rd or 24th of the lunar month (Sichuan and Guizhou and other parts of the lunar month 30th is a small year, the fifteenth day of the first month is a big year). The small year is regarded as the beginning of the New Year.

The small year is the day of the folk sacrifice stove. It is said that on this day, the Lord of the Stove will go to heaven to report the good and evil of this family to the Jade Emperor, so that the Jade Emperor will reward and punish. When sacrificing to the stove, the Kanto sugar must be melted with fire and applied to the mouth of the king of the stove, so that he cannot speak ill of the Jade Emperor in front of him.

Men do not worship the moon, women do not sacrifice to the stove", so the sacrifice to the king of the stove is limited to men.

Since Chinese basically eat rice, cooked food is generally not easy to preserve and must be cooked at any time. Unlike Western edible bread, it can be baked many at once for preservation and consumption. Therefore, for Chinese, "chai" (fuel) is the first important of the "seven things" in life (firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea), without fuel, even if there is basic food, there is no way to eat.

In the West, it is generally enough to have only one bread oven in a village, but in China every family must have a stove.

Because each family has a stove, so there is a legend that the Jade Emperor stationed a supervisor in each family - the god of the stove (Si Ming Stove Jun, Stove Jun, Stove Wang, Stove King), to supervise and inspect what the family did in a year, to the twenty-third day of the lunar month, the God of the Stove will go to heaven to report to the Jade Emperor, the Jade Emperor according to the report to decide whether the next year is a reward or punishment for the family, the next year New Year's Stove God will come back to continue to supervise the actions of the family. On the day of the Stove Festival, it is actually a festival for families to send the Stove God to heaven.

"Xiao Nian" does not refer to a specific festival, and due to local customs, the festival called Xiao Nian is also different. Most areas in the north call the 23rd day of the lunar month and the 24th day of the lunar month as a small year, many areas in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai call the fifth day of the first month as a small year, and there are many regions in China that call the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month a small year, and the winter solstice is also called a small year. The small year also means that people start to prepare for the New Year, ready to have a clean and clean year, indicating that the new year should have a new atmosphere.

It mainly includes three meanings: 1. It refers to the year when the lunar month is Xiaojian; 2. Festival, the 23rd or 24th day of the lunar month, the old custom is to sacrifice to the stove on this day; 3. It refers to the year when fruit trees and bamboos grow slowly.

The small year is the festival of the stove, the festival of the king of the stove, and the day of sweeping the dust.

Sacrificial stove is one of the main customs of the year, folk sacrificial stove, originated from the ancient people's custom of worshiping fire, "Interpretation": stove, make also, create food also, the responsibility of the stove god is to take charge of the stove fire, manage the diet, and later expanded to investigate the good and evil in the world, in order to bring blessings and misfortunes, according to the local customs of the Jin Dynasty celebrities in our country Zhou Zhizhi "Wind and Soil Records" records: the twenty-fourth day and night of the lunar month, the stove, said that the god of the stove went to heaven the next day, white one year old, so the first day to worship it.

Before the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the day of the sacrifice stove has been the twenty-fourth day of the lunar month, and at least to the Qianlong period, it is the twenty-fourth day of the lunar month, "Qing Jialu" volume 12 "December four nights to send the stove": the vulgar call for the twenty-fourth night of the lunar month for the four nights, is the night to send the stove, the Qing Dynasty wild history of the Qing Dynasty Daguan Qing Palace Rumors said that the Qianlong Dynasty, every year on the twenty-fourth night of the lunar month, worship the god of the stove in the Kunning Palace, from the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the emperor's family held a ceremony to worship the sky on the twenty-third day of the lunar month, in order to save expenses, by the way, the stove prince also worshipped.

The customs of the small year in the north

Xiao Nian does not specifically refer to a day, due to the customs of various places, the days called Xiao Nian are not the same, the twenty-third day of the lunar month, is the traditional folk sacrifice stove day in the north, called Xiao Nian, also known as the Stove King Festival, the folk activities during the small year in the north have dusting, pasting window flowers, bathing and haircuts, rushing to get married, sacrificing to the king of the stove, eating sugar melons, eating dumplings, eating fire, because of the differences in places, the customs may be some different.

There is a New Year's ballad in the northern folk, children don't be greedy, after Laba is the New Year, but what is really busy for the beginning of the New Year is from a young age, twenty-three, sugar melon sticky; twenty-four, sweep the house; Twenty-five, grinding tofu; xxvi, stewed pork; Twenty-seven, slaughtering chickens; Twenty-eighth, put the face hair; Twenty-nine, steamed steamed buns; Stay up for 30 nights, and walk all over the streets on the first and second days of the new year.

1. Sacrificial stove

On the day of the sacrificial stove, the statue of the king of the stove who has been burned by the smoke and fire for a year should be taken down, and then the mouth of the king of the stove should be sweetened with the sugar of the stove. There are many types of stove sugar, the most common being Kanto sugar, sugar melon, and hemp sugar. Either way, it must be eaten on the day of the festival.

2. Cleaning

This day is also called the New Year's Day, to thoroughly clean the room, commonly known as dust, sweeping dust in order to remove the old and welcome the new, pull out the ominous, and this cleaning must be thorough, can not leave any dead ends, and even a little dirty will have an impact on people.

3. Haircut and bath

In addition to cleaning the surrounding environment, the old custom also has to clean itself on this day, and adults and children have to take a bath and get a haircut. Those who pay attention to it will also use bluegrass, wormwood and other herbs to bathe to remove bad luck.

4. Buy New Year's goods and cut window flowers

The old custom is the last date to buy New Year's goods, but now there is no hurry to buy New Year's goods. In addition to buying New Year's goods, there are also cutting window flowers, this custom is the same as buying New Year's goods, cutting and pasting window flowers is the most popular folk activity, the content has a variety of animals, plants, etc.

The New Year is the 23rd or 24th day of the lunar month, and it is also the festival of the ancient sacrifice to the stove king, and now on the day of the New Year, it is the day when every household happily carries out the preparations before the New Year.

Xiao Nian is an important festival in the Chinese lunar calendar, and it is held on the day before the Spring Festival, which is the 23rd day of the lunar month. The arrival of the New Year marks the approach of the Spring Festival, and people begin to prepare for various things for the New Year.

There are many legends and customs about the origin of the small year. One of the most famous is the legend about the "sacrificial stove". Legend has it that in ancient times, there was a god called the Lord of the Stove, he was the god in charge of the family, and on the twenty-third day of the lunar month every year, the Lord of the Stove would leave the Bowang family and go to the heavenly court to report the good and evil of the family to the Jade Emperor.

In order to thank the Lord of the Stove for his blessing in the past year, people will worship the Lord of the Stove on this day to pray for peace and happiness in the coming year.

In addition to the sacrificial stove, there are a number of other customs in the small year. For example, people will sweep the dust, do laundry, and take a bath on the day of Yinyou to purify the body and mind and welcome the arrival of the new year. At the same time, people will also paste Spring Festival couplets and hang lanterns to add a festive atmosphere to their homes.

In addition, it is also a day to eat tangyuan, because tangyuan symbolizes reunion and wholeness, and symbolizes family reunion and happiness.

After the small year, it enters the 24th day of the lunar month, that is, Chinese New Year's Eve. This day is the eve of China's most important traditional festival, the Spring Festival. People will carry out a series of celebrations, such as keeping the New Year, setting off firecrackers, eating Chinese New Year's Eve, etc.

Spring Festival is the most important time for Chinese to reunite, and families will gather together to celebrate this important festival.

In conclusion, Xiao Nian is the 23rd day of the lunar month of the Chinese lunar calendar, which marks the approach of the Spring Festival. On this day, people will worship the Lord of the Stove and prepare for various matters for the New Year. After the New Year, it entered the eve of the Spring Festival - Chinese New Year's Eve.

Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival for Chinese, and families will get together to spend this moment of reunion.

After the Laba Festival, it is the 23rd month of the year of this forest.

There will be some festivals before the arrival of the Spring Festival, and these festivals are also related to the Spring Festival.

Xiao Nian has different concepts and dates in different places, with the 23rd day of the lunar month in the northern region and the 24th lunar month in most parts of the south. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai refer to "the twenty-fourth day of the lunar month" and "the night before Chinese New Year's Eve" as small years; the Nanjing region calls the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month a small year; the sixteenth day of the first lunar month in some areas in the south; and Chinese New Year's Eve in some ethnic minority areas in the southwest and north.

The small year also means that people begin to prepare for the New Year, ready to have a good year, indicating that the new year should have a new atmosphere, expressing a kind of Chinese working people's good wishes to say goodbye to the old and welcome the new.