What contributions did Zhu Xi make to Confucian culture?

Zhu Xi (xī (1130–1200) was a physicist in the Southern Song Dynasty of China. The character is obscure, and the number is obscure. Alias Ziyang, ancestral home of Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Jiangxi).

His father, Zhu Song, was the lieutenant of Zhenghe County in Fujian during the Song Xuanhe period, and later lived in Fujian. Zhu Xi was born in Youxi, Fujian, lost his father at the age of 14, and settled with his mother in Wulifu, Chong'an (now Wuyishan City, Fujian). In the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1148), he was a Jinshi, and served in the four dynasties of Gaozong, Xiaozong, Guangzong, and Ningzong.

Later, he was recommended by Zhao Ruyu to be promoted to the service system and waiter of Huanzhang Pavilion. In the third year of Qingli (1197), Han Yanxuan abused his power and excluded Zhao Ruyu, Zhu Xi was also dismissed and went home, and Qingyuan died of illness in the sixth year. In the second year of Jiading (1209), the edict gave the bequest of grace, said the text, looked for the doctor, and gave the Baomo Pavilion straight bachelor.

In the third year of Emperor Lizong's Baoqing (1227), he gave the Taishi, posthumously sealed the letter to the Duke of Guo, and changed the Duke of Hui.

The master of Song ** studies inherited the science of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi of the Northern Song Dynasty and completed the system of objective idealism. He believes that reason is the essence of the world, "reason comes first, qi comes last", and proposes to "preserve the principles of heaven and destroy human desires". He was very knowledgeable, and studied classics, history, literature, music, and even natural science.

The language of his words is correct, the style is handsome, and there is no disease of strong color or allusions. The language of many works can be seen to have been carefully scrutinized and more exquisite. However, the artistic conception of the words is slightly more rational and less sensual, because it pays attention to the philosophical ideas of science.

His representative works include "Bodhisattva Man" (1), "Water Tune Song Head" (1), "Nanxiangzi", "Remembering Qin'e" (2) and so on. Among them, "Bodhisattva Man" (1) is the most distinctive, the word uses palindrome, every two sentences are reversed to each other, eight sentences are a total of four pairs, very natural and harmonious, not far-fetched, and quite meaningful, the idea is extremely exquisite, which shows the ability of the Han'an to control the language. In addition to words, he is also good at writing poems, "Spring" and "Reading Books" are his most popular poems.

Its words are concluded with "Obscure Words".

The "Wuyi Jingshe" was built in Wuyi Mountain, and disciples were recruited to spread science. In order to help people study the Confucian classics, he carefully selected the "Four Books" ("The University", "The Mean", "The Analects", and "Mencius") from the Confucian classics, and engraved them for distribution. This is a major event in the history of education.

The Four Books had a far-reaching influence and later became the textbook of feudal education, making Confucianism the idea of total control over Chinese feudal society.

Zhu Xi's status is in the poured bucket of home. In terms of academic status and political influence, Zhu Xu Shijin Street is the third important person after Confucius and Mencius. Zhu Xi often showed a keen aesthetic insight, which had a great influence on the development of Confucian ethnology.

His ambition was to become a sage who promoted Confucianism. It is Zhu Xi's most quiet and great wish to inherit the Confucian ideology of the pre-Qin Dynasty, to follow the theory of Zhou, Zhang, and "Ercheng" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and to absorb the ideas of Qi and Liang Lao, and then build a complete system of science.

Because Zhu Xi advocated the preservation of heavenly principles and the destruction of human desires, Zhu Xi advocated the science of science, believing that Confucianism was a kind of human desire, which did not conform to the development trend of society, and Zhu Xi had a very great influence and basically overthrew Confucianism under his call.

Because Zhu Xi established Cheng Zhu Lixue, and it is exactly contrary to Confucianism, there is this statement.

Because from this period, Confucianism moved towards science. It can be regarded as the establishment of a new sect. So the old narrative has changed a lot.

Zhu Xi is a master of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, his greatest "contribution" to Confucianism should be in accordance with the will of the ruling class to annotate the classic works of Confucianism, he also put forward the principle of heaven to destroy people's desires, Zhu Xi objectively said that Confucianism has completely turned Confucianism into a tool for the ruler to clamp the thoughts of scholars, and the content and answer of the question of the Eight Strands of Confucianism are all subject to Zhu Xi's commentary, so treat such a person who has worked hard for the feudal ruler, and the feudal ruler does not hesitate to treat it with a high standard.

Vigorously develop Confucianism in the Song Dynasty!

In general, Zhu Xi was the master of science, and in the process of philosophizing Confucianism, he made unremitting efforts to improve the level of theoretical thinking of Confucianism.

Can't write, look at the information:

Because this person's thinking is completely different from the emperor's thinking, the emperor wants to engage him.

It was in the Song Dynasty that Zhu Xi's science became a representative of a new kind of Confucianism.

Zhu Xi was admitted to the Jinshi at the age of nineteen, and served as the governor of Nankang, Jiangxi, Zhangzhou, Fujian, and the governor of eastern Zhejiang. The official worships the Huanzhang Pavilion and lectures for Emperor Song Ningzong.

Zhu Xi has written a lot, including "Notes on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of Four Books".

Taiji Diagram Explanation", "Tongshu Explanation", "Zhou Yi Reader", "Chu Ci Collection Annotation".

Later generations have compiled "Zhu Zi Daquan", "Zhu Zi Collection of Words" and so on. Among them, the "Annotations on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books" became the standard for the textbook and the imperial examination.

Ming dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Xi's science was canonized as orthodox, while during the Song Dynasty, it was called pseudo-science.

Shengri seeks the Fangsi waterfront, and the boundless scenery is new. Waiting for leisure to know the east wind side, thousands of purples and thousands of reds are always spring. "This well-known "Spring Day" is from Zhu Xi's hand.

This poem also embodies Zhu Xi's philosophical thoughts, not only that, but also Zhu Xi's outstanding literary brilliance, which shows that Zhu Xi is still an excellent writer. His greater contribution lies in the construction of a huge system of science, and he made an immortal contribution to the restoration of Confucianism to mainstream thought.

What is Zhu Xi's thoughts

Zhu Xi's philosophy of science is based on the science of the Northern Song Dynasty's "Ercheng", integrating the ideas of Buddhism and Taoism, and constructing his own huge system of science. He believed that reason is the essence of the world, and put forward the objective idealism idea of "preserving heavenly principles and destroying human desires". Human-centered"Rationale"It is the highest norm of human society.

Portrait of Zhu Xi. His ideological system can be summarized in the following three categories: First, reason is the origin of the world.

The core of Zhu Xi's philosophical thought is "reason"; second, the theory of "learning from things", he advocated attaching importance to people's moral cultivation while also strengthening the investigation of external things; Thirdly, he put forward the idea of "curbing people's desires and preserving the principles of heaven", and if we want to experience the principles of heaven and earth, we must get rid of people's selfish desires.

The influence of Zhu Xi's thought on later generations

Zhu Xi is the master of science, and he is the inheritor and innovator of the development of Confucianism to the Song Dynasty. His ideological system occupied an important position in the political, ideological and cultural fields of subsequent dynasties and had a far-reaching impact. Emperor Kangxi said that Zhu Xi was "a collection of thousands of years of learning, and a certain rule for hundreds of millions of years."

Wang Yangmingge bamboo experiment.

Zhu Xi's theory of learning from things has played an important role in promoting Wang Yangming's psychology. In order to verify the theory of learning from things, Wang Yangming sat in the academy for seven days to observe bamboo, wanting to experience the truth of bamboo. "Wang Yangmingge Bamboo" made him doubt Zhu Xi's Gewu Zhizhi, and also had a new understanding of Gewu Zhizhi.

The difference in their understanding of Gewu Zhizhi is that Zhu Xi tends to rationally explore external things, while Wang Yangming points to the subjective experience inside.