What is heterogeneity and how to measure it

Hyposis is a condition in which both eyes have only a tendency to deviate, but the brain can control the orthopaedic position and maintain binocular monovision as a potential ocular deviation. Also known as occult strabismus and heterophoric strabismus.

Methods for measuring heterogeneous skew:

1. Masking-de-masking test.

The monocular occlusion-unocclusion test can detect deviation controlled by the fusion mechanism when the eyes are open.

2. Triangular prism plus masking method.

This method is an objective quantitative examination. First, the direction of the eye deviation is detected by the alternate occlusion method, if it is an internal oblivion, a triangular prism with the bottom facing outward is placed in front of the eyes of the covered eye, and if it is an external oblivion, the bottom of the triangular prism is placed inward, and the bottom of the upper oblique is placed downward.

If the occluded eye still rotates when the occlusion is removed, increase the power of the prism until the eye stops turning. The power of the prism used is the degree of oblivion. If there is vertical or horizontal deviation at the same time, the horizontal position should be corrected first, and then the vertical position will be corrected.

3. Maddox rod method.

This method is a qualitative test. It is to make the two eyes look different in shape to eliminate fusion.

Surgery** is a surgical method to adjust the strength of the external eye muscle and the position of the attachment point to normalize the eye position. Most congenital esotropia and strabismus require surgery**, and non-accommodative and oblique strabismus usually need to be corrected by surgery.

Non-surgical**: Not all strabismus requires surgery**, in the case of accommodative esotropia, as long as appropriate hyperopia is worn.

Glasses or bifocals can be corrected. If there is also a refractive abnormality of moderate to high intensity.

Glasses are often required for correction.

Experienced doctors will use a cover-up test to see if there is heteroptropia. Method: Cover one eye and carefully observe the direction of movement of the other eye, i.e., the direction of movement of the uncovered eyeball.

For example, the patient's right eye is covered and the left eye is still fixed on the target in front of it. Open the patient's right eye, if the left eye is still immobile and the right eye moves, depending on the direction of movement, it can be determined whether the patient has an internal or external oblivion. If the right eye moves from the inside out, it means that it has internal strabismus; Movement from the outside to the inside indicates that the external heterogeneity is affected.

Exotropia is a tendency to deviate outward in the eye position, and symptoms appear if the exogenous heterophoria is more than 5, but it also depends on the patient's fusion function on the first burn, such as someone who sees near although there are 10 heterogin, because the fusion convergence is good, it can be asymptomatic, on the contrary, some people see the near exotropia 4, which is in the normal range, but the fusion divergence is poor, but visual fatigue occurs.

The main symptoms of the disease are those who work in close proximity and report symptoms such as forehead pain, sore eyes, reading that cannot last, blurred vision, serial, overlapping, double vision, etc., and must close their eyes and rest for a while before continuing to read, but soon the above symptoms appear again, and severe cases can not continue to study and work.

Intraocess, as opposed to exophoria, is a tendency of the eye position to deviate inward, and patients with more than 9 eyes will have symptoms of internal heterophoria.

Heterophoria refers to the tendency of the eyes to deviate, but can be controlled by the fusion function of the brain and still maintain binocular monovision. The further development of the hidden slope will form the obvious oblique.

Implicit strabism refers to a tendency of the binocular visual axis to deviate medially, and the fusion can lead to binocular orthoplasia and binocular monovision. When muscle fatigue occurs, diplopia occurs, and there are also symptoms such as eye fatigue and discomfort, as well as headache, dizziness, nausea, insomnia, photophobia, neurasthenia, etc., which are generally referred to as muscular eye fatigue. When one eye is covered and one eye is used to see, the above symptoms disappear completely, which is different from regulating fatigue.

Exotropia refers to a tendency of the binocular visual axis to shift outward, but the combination can maintain normal eye alignment and binocular monovision.

Concealment can be trained to strengthen the visual function of the eyes, train the fusion range, etc.

Heteropia means hidden strabismus, which can not be seen in appearance, to be measured with maersk lenses, if you are myopia, it is generally external heteropia (myopia does not correct long-term vision will occur), when you are fitting, the optician will give you the light center, how many prism degree of heterogeneity you have, will use the formula to calculate how many millimeters to move, where to move. Palsin is a tendency to deviate inwards in the eye position, which can be controlled by corrective fusion reflex at ordinary times, without oblique position, and can maintain binocular monovision. Symptoms may occur if the internal oblique is more than 9, but it depends on the patient's fusion function.

How to squint the eye, then it depends on the type of strabismus, the type of strabismus is different, so the method is also different.

Depending on the type of strabismus, it can generally be divided into surgical and non-surgical methods.

1) The surgical method is to adjust the strength of the external eye muscle and the position of the attachment point by surgical means, so that the eye position tends to be normal.

Congenital esotropia (cross-eyed) and upper and lower strabismus usually require surgery**, and non-accommodative and oblique strabismus usually need to be corrected by surgery.

2) Non-surgical method: Not all strabismus requires surgery**, if it is accommodative esotropia, it can be corrected as long as appropriate farsighted glasses or bifocals are worn. If there is also a refractive abnormality of medium to high intensity, it is often necessary to wear glasses to correct it, and axial correction training can be used to help restore monovision and increase the fusion ability of both eyes.

If amblyopia is also present, amblyopia training is also indispensable**.

Strabismus caused by refractive error is recommended to take medication in time to correct the refractive error. It is recommended to take two sachets of Leyan Vision Nutrients every day, and if you insist on taking it for a period of time, the refractive error will gradually be corrected, and the strabismus will gradually improve or even recover.

1.To confirm whether there is myopia, astigmatism and other refractive errors, you can only be determined by refraction examination! The prescription can be determined by refraction or refraction with a comprehensive refractor...

2.Blurred vision and ghosting are not necessarily caused by astigmatism, there are other causes as well! It can only be determined by a systematic inspection.

3.Strabismus is also to determine whether there is strabismus through strabismus examination, and a professional ophthalmologist must be examined! Most people will have a little skew, which does not affect their life and work!

If the condition is serious, you can consult a doctor for examination and training**! If it is oblique, if there are aesthetic requirements, it can be carried out after inspection**!

4.Interpupillary distance refers to the distance between the center of the pupils of both eyes, which will be used when fitting glasses, and there is a certain difference between the unilateral interpupillary distance of ordinary people, and the left and right sides of the person themselves are not completely symmetrical! Therefore, the difference in interpupillary distance in one eye does not indicate that there is strabismus!

It is advisable to go to a professional eye doctor for an examination and then determine whether glasses are needed or for correction of strabismus**.

1. If the patient has a small degree of heterogeneity and a large fusion reserve, he can have no symptoms.

1) Headache, periorbital soreness or retrobulbar pain after reading for a long time. Sometimes there is a feeling of heaviness or rigidity in the upper eyelid, as if the upper eyelid is sticking to the eyeball.

2) The patient has difficulty changing the fixation point, and things are blurred when he looks near and then at a distant target, and vice versa.

3) Neuroreflex symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bulbar conjunctival injection, and other neurological symptoms.

4) Intermittent strabismus may occur after prolonged eye use, causing patients to complain of intermittent diplopia.

3. The patient's spatial orientation and deep diameter perception are poor, such as poor accuracy in driving and playing tennis.

4. The visual fatigue of patients with internal heterophoria is different from that of external heterophoria. Intraoccult is a visual target that looks at the distance with the eyes in parallel, such as watching movies and ball games, and has nothing to do with close-up work, often has a whole headache, especially when looking at fast-moving scenes, exotropia patients appear after working at close range, and in severe cases, they cannot work at close at all.

5. Patients with severe heterophoria can have blepharitis.

Strabismus is divided into esotropia and exotropia, as well as upper and lower strabismus, usually the inward deviation of the eye is called congenital esotropia from birth to inward, the main manifestation is usually accompanied by medium and high hyperopia or abnormal adjustment cohesion and low accommodation ratio, if you want to accurately check, you should go to the hospital, measured by a professional machine.

The AC A calculation method and calculation formula are: AC A value is the ratio of the adjustment set to the adjustment

On the basis of far-refractive correction, the amount of heterophoria at near vision is measured, and then the additional spherical lens measures the amount of heterophoria at near vision again, and the difference between the two heterophoria is the AC A value.

The AC A value indicates how much of the aggregate changes due to the change in regulation, and it can also reveal the subtle amount of skew that changes due to the change in regulation.

accommodation convergence accommodation) refers to the increase in convergence when the eyes are accommodating, excessive accommodation can be accompanied by excessive aggregation, and excessive convergence can become the cause of implicit oblivion.

The ratio of ACA can be determined using a variety of change adjustments

1. Heterophoric strabismus:That is, the mobile fixation point method, binocular fixation at 6m of the optoscope, to measure the deviation of the prism of the distance of the pants, and then to fix the 33cm of the optoscope to measure the deviation of the near. Calculated according to the following formula:

ac/a=pd+(an-ao)/d。

Pd is the interpupillary distance (cm), An is the prismatic degree of near deviation ( ), ao is the prismatic degree of distal deviation ( ), and D is the degree of adjustment. The results obtained: " for internal deflection and " for external deflection ".

2. Gradient method.

3. Simultaneous Viewing Machine Method:The method is to use the foveal picture of the macula to measure its conscious oblique angle, read its triangular prism, and then insert the 3D lens, and then measure its conscious oblique angle, in the formula d is the power of the concave lens used, 1 is the conscious brother filial piety and simple oblique angle under the patient's original corrective lens, 2 is the conscious oblique angle after inserting the 3D lens.

Exotropia is the tendency of the eye position to deviate outward, and the symptoms of exogenous heterophoria more than 5 appear, but it also depends on the patient's fusion function, such as some people see near although there are 10 heterosides, due to the good convergence of convergence, they can be asymptomatic, on the contrary, some people see near exotropia 4, which is a normal range, but the fusion of the convergence is poor, but visual fatigue occurs.

That doesn't make sense, restraint appointments are very complicated, and the words in one sentence are not clear.

1.When one eye fixes on an object, the other eye can also look at the object, and both eyes pass through the object, showing that the eyes are symmetrical and not deflected. 2.

When one eye fixes on an object and the other eye covers an object, the gaze of that eye deviates from the target of fixation, indicating that the eye is deflected (but because it is occluded, we cannot detect it). 3.When the cover is removed, the deviated eye returns to look at the object (we can observe the eye turning), and at this time, both eyes pass through the object, showing that the eyes are symmetrical and not deflected.

We call an eye with all three of these conditions heterophoric strabismus. If the eye is turned from the outside to the inside when the cover is removed, we call it an external heterophoria, and vice versa.