The artistic characteristics of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty??

The characteristics of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty are as follows:

1. Ru Zhebi kiln: Ru kiln porcelain is gray-white as the main color, the bottom is marked by rough scratching or lettering, etc., and the shape of the vessel is mostly round and square, and the delicate glaze often has special effects such as shrimp, crab claws, frost flower and other anti-elimination stripes.

2. Dingyao: Famous for white porcelain, blue and white porcelain and green glazed porcelain, the biggest feature is the delicate texture and tone. Its glaze color is soft, delicate and smooth, and while blue and white porcelain prevail, it also creates green porcelain and red porcelain.

3. Official kiln: The color of the official kiln porcelain is light and elegant, the glaze is delicate, and the shape is simple and beautiful. It attaches great importance to "black and white", so the glaze of the official kiln is black and white, the satin texture is delicate, and the decoration is less and more substantial.

4. Brother kiln: the color is mainly gray and white, the glaze is milky white, the whole body is smooth, the overall shape is elegant, and the shape is diverse. The glaze of the porcelain of the kiln is crystal clear, and the craftsmanship is delicate.

5. Jun kiln: famous for its gorgeous glaze and magnificent momentum. Its glaze color changes are complex, with torpedo red, sky blue, ivory white and other glaze colors as its characteristics, and at the same time there is the creation of mixed glaze, the glaze color is mostly blue, purple, red, yellow and other mixed colors as the dominant.

The value of the five famous kilns

The value of the five famous kilns is multifaceted, they are an important part of ancient Chinese culture, have made great contributions to the development of Chinese history and culture, and are also the treasures of Chinese porcelain craftsmanship and the precious heritage of human civilization.

Among the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, the Ru kiln is mainly cyan, and the texture is warm and luster. The official kiln uses white glaze as the best, and there are ice cracks, plum blossoms and other patterns in the glaze. There are many fine cracks on the glaze of the kiln, and the cracks are mainly light white; The color of the Jun kiln is reddish, and the glaze of the utensils is rich.

There are three kinds of patterns in the white glaze of the kiln, which are carving, scratching and printing.

1. Ru kiln

Part of the Ru kiln has court firing, and some of it is also folk firing, and it is a relatively famous porcelain kiln in the Song Dynasty. The glaze color of Ru kiln is generally cyan, and the texture is warm and shiny, so it is loved by the royal family; Ru kiln pioneered a special style of celadon printing, which belongs to an innovative pattern style.

2. Official kiln

The official kiln is mainly based on the palace kiln, and in the Song Dynasty, the official kiln was also divided into the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. The glaze color of the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty is white, and there are cracks such as ice cracks, plum blossoms, and crab claws in the glaze; The color of the official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty is mainly brown, the texture is relatively delicate, and the colors are divided into different types such as shades.

3. Brother kiln

Ge kiln is a traditional folk kiln, its biggest feature is that there are many small cracks on the glaze, and the color of the cracks is mainly light white, so it gets a reputation of "100 pieces of garbage". The glaze color of the kiln is mainly cyan, and there are occasionally yellow and lilac products, and the glaze color in the tire is black, which is obviously different from the official kiln.

4. Jun kiln

Jun kiln is a kind of opsene glaze, because the glaze contains a small amount of copper, so the glaze color is reddish, and the color is as beautiful as the sunset. The glaze of Jun kiln is rich, including purple, red, dark purple, cyan, sky blue and even beige, among which red and purple glaze are the most precious.

5. Fixing the kiln

The kiln is mainly fired white porcelain, so the glaze color is mostly white, and there are also a small amount of black glaze, sauce glaze, green glaze and other colors. The pattern of the kiln is generally carved, printed, and drawn out of the pattern, although the color is relatively simple, but the white glaze pattern of the kiln is still relatively rich, and the kiln has mang, and there is no glaze in the middle of the vessel.

Characteristics of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty:

First, Ru Yuanheng leakage kiln.

Among the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, Ru kiln is undoubtedly the first place. Since the establishment of the Song Dynasty and the study of porcelain firing, Ru kiln has been ahead of other competitors. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the people were quite turbulent, but Ruyao did not give up firing porcelain, but pushed its skill level to the peak.

The porcelain produced by the Ru kiln is extremely solemn and generous, and at the same time has a fine texture.

Second, the official kiln. <>

As the name suggests, the government created an official kiln and sent professional technicians to fire porcelain rock retainers, and the level can be fully guaranteed. According to different eras, the official kilns can be divided into the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty and the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty. Although the two official kilns are in the same line, the style of porcelain fired is slightly different.

The porcelain fired by the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty is thicker and heavier, while the porcelain fired by the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty pays more attention to lightness and thinness.

3. Brother kiln. <>

In terms of style, the kiln is very similar to the official kiln, but it is different from the official kiln in terms of firing method. The porcelain fired in the kiln was highly practical, and most of the porcelain was plates or bowls, except for the porcelain bottles. The porcelain produced by the kiln has a distinct style, or the black or gold pattern makes the porcelain of the kiln highly recognizable.

Fourth, Jun kiln. <>

The porcelain produced by the Jun kiln is brightly colored, although it is mainly cyan, but other colors are also well done. Jun kiln focuses on dyeing, showing the beauty of a rotten orange porcelain through color, and the commonly used colors include purple and blue in addition to cyan. The porcelain produced by the Jun kiln also has a very fine texture, and its original earthworm mud pattern is highly recognizable.

Fifth, the kiln. <>

The porcelain fired by the kiln is dedicated to the court, which not only fires all kinds of daily necessities and expensive porcelain bottles, but also fires white porcelain. Except for the Ding kiln, other kilns other than the five major kilns never fired white porcelain. Compared with the color of the porcelain vase, the kiln pays more attention to the printing on the surface of the porcelain.

1. Introduction: The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty were first seen in the Ming Dynasty royal collection catalogue "Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum" in the inner library of Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun, and named kiln vessels. Xu Zhiheng of the Qing Dynasty said in "Drinking Liuzhai and Saying Porcelain" that Wuhua porcelain can be divided into three periods:

It is said to be Song, Ming and Qing. There are five most famous in the Song Dynasty, the so-called Chai, Ru, Guan, Brother, and Ding. There are also Jun kilns, which are also very valuable.

Since no kiln site has been found in the firewood kiln, and there is no physical object, the Jun kiln is usually included.

2. Artistic characteristics: Ru kiln is mainly celadon, and "glaze azure color", "crab claw pattern", "fragrant gray tire" and "sesame nail" are important bases for identifying Ru kiln. Among them, the crab claw pattern refers to the texture of the glazed piece of hair, and the sesame nail is because the foot is supported by a small nail during firing, and then the Ru kiln porcelain is burned in the air.

After the porcelain fired in this way is fired, there will be several points on the bottom glaze. The Ru kiln porcelain carcass is generally thinner, the glaze layer is thicker, and it has a jade-like texture.

3. Masterpieces: The Palace Museum in Beijing has Ru kiln azure glazed string pattern bottles, Ru kiln azure glaze round wash, Ru kiln azure glazed bowls, etc. There are Ru kiln azure unveined oval narcissus basin and Ru kiln pink blue lotus type warm bowl.

In the firing process of many porcelain, in order to pursue the process, it is generally not allowed to have too many glazed cracks, but the kiln has brought the beauty of the opening piece to the extreme, resulting in the typical characteristics of the kiln.

Answer]: China's five famous kilns are the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, namely: Jun kiln, Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ding kiln, and Ge kiln.

The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty were Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln, and Ding kiln.

1. Ru kilnRu kiln, one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, because the kiln site is located in the territory of Ruzhou, Henan Province and got its name, now Zhanggong Lane, Ruzhou City, Henan Province and Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County, are found to be fired by Ru kiln. Ru porcelain ranks first of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty "Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun and Ding", and is known as "Ru kiln is the leader" in the history of Chinese ceramics.

Ru kiln is one of the famous porcelain species of traditional Chinese porcelain, and the main representative porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty in China.

2. Official kilnThe official kiln is the porcelain fired by some kilns for the court during the Gaozong period of the Southern Song Dynasty and Song Dynasty, which was commonly known as the "official kiln" at that time. Guanyao, the first Maogongdong (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu).

The porcelain of the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty follows the style of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is regular and symmetrical, the palace is imposing, elegant and elegant, and meticulous. Because the iron content of the fetal soil is extremely high, the feel is heavy, and the fetal soil is dark black and brown, which is later called "purple iron foot". The glaze is heavy and bright, the glaze is thick like a pile of grease, and warm and moist like jade.

The glaze is repeatedly scraped in multiple layers, the glaze sinks without dazzling, the texture layout is regular, and the shape is solemn and generous.

3. Brother kiln"Brother kiln" is one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty and has a pivotal position in the history of ceramics. The kiln tires are mostly purple-black, iron-black, and yellow-brown.

The glaze is a transparent opaque glaze, the glaze is covered with a layer of crisp, the glaze color is fried beige, gray and green, and the glaze size is combined. After dyeing, the large grain is dark brown, and the small grain is yellow-brown, also known as "gold wire iron wire", "ink plum blossom piece", "leaf vein pattern", "civil and military piece" and so on. This is one of the main characteristics of the kiln.

There are all kinds of bottles, stoves, respects, washers, bowls, basins, plates, etc. Antique shapes are mostly seen, the bottom foot is not very regular, and the glaze is often glazed and brown-eyed.

4. Jun kilnJun kiln, that is, Juntai kiln, is a unique style synthesized on the basis of the style of firewood kiln and Lushan flower porcelain, which was deeply influenced by Taoist thought, reached its peak in the Song Dynasty Huizong period, and its technology was exerted to the extreme. Whether it is the expression of color and various textures, no one can imitate the performance technology that can be controlled and controlled by the kiln.

The influence of the Song Dynasty on acceptance of science, reflected in the porcelain is regular and symmetrical, whether it is the shape or texture of the principle is followed, especially the Northern Song Dynasty official Jun porcelain, not the first room utensils or large sacrificial vessels are strictly abide by this principle. Regular symmetry, elegant atmosphere, court momentum, meticulous. It is heavy and quaint, bright and deep.

5. Fixing the kilnDing kiln is a treasure in the traditional Chinese porcelain craft, one of the six major kiln systems of the Song Dynasty, it is a major porcelain kiln system that emerged after the Xingyao white porcelain in the Tang Dynasty. The main production area is in the area of Jianci Village, Yebei Village, East Yanchuan Village and West Yanchuan Village in Quyang County, Baoding City, Hebei Province (formerly Dingzhou City), because the area was under the jurisdiction of Dingzhou in the Tang and Song dynasties, so it was named Dingyao.

The Ding kiln was originally a folk kiln, and the court porcelain began to be fired in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. Created in the Tang Dynasty, extremely prosperous in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin, and finally Yuan, known for producing white porcelain, and burning black glaze, sauce glaze and green glaze porcelain, the literature called it "Heiding", "Ziding" and "Green Ding" respectively.