Is there a law about the solubility and insolubility of chemical acids and bases

Potassium and sodium ammonium salts are soluble, and nitrate salts are nowhere to be seen in water;

Sulfur (acid) salts are insoluble in lead and barium, and chlorine (chemicals) are insoluble in silver and mercury.

Hydrogen reduction copper oxide experiment, the operation sequence can be compiled into the following formula memory:

Hydrogen should go early and return late, alcohol lamps should arrive late and leave early, and water droplets should be poured under the mouth of the test tube.

The definition, properties, and characteristics of the oxidation-reduction reaction can be compiled into the following formula:

Rise and lose oxygen, and fall back; If you say the agent, the two are opposite.

The law of salt hydrolysis can be compiled into the following formula:

There is no "weak" and no hydrolysis, and whoever is "weak" is hydrolyzed; The more "weak" it is, the more hydrolyzed, and the "weaker" it is hydrolyzed; Who is "strong" shows whose nature, and the double "weak" is determined by K.

The writing of the equation for the hydrolysis of salts can be compiled into the following formula:

The water on the left is written as the molecular formula, the middle symbol is written as reversible, and the right is not written " " and " ".

1. Contains K+, Na+, NH4+

The salts are soluble in water; Salts containing NO3- are soluble in water and have a high degree of solubility. Note: The solubility of "salt" can be generalized to compounds here.

2. Among the compounds containing Cl-, only AgCl is insoluble, and other chloride salts are soluble in water; Among the SO42-containing compounds, only BaSO4 is insoluble, and all other sulfates are soluble in water.

3. Most carbonates and alkalis are insoluble in water, but they can react with acids to form salts and water, so they are soluble in acids.

4. The five dissolved bases are KOH, NaOH, NH3·H2O, Ca(OH)2, and BA(OH)2

Yes, potassium sodium ammonia salt nitrate soluble, potassium sodium barium ammonia alkali soluble, sulfate except BA insoluble, Ca, ag slightly soluble rest are soluble, carbonate except potassium sodium ammonia salt soluble rest are insoluble, hydrochloride except ag insoluble, mg slightly soluble, all others are soluble.

This is easy to remember, and it is definitely enough for junior high school.

Potassium. Sodium.

Ammonium. Niter. Dissolve. Chloride removes mercury.

Sulfate removes barium lead.

These are soluble.

Others will not dissolve.

Oh. The acid salts are all soluble.

The study of chemistry has always been a headache for students, because learning chemistry not only requires rich logical thinking ability, but also has a certain knowledge of chemistry, to know that acids can react with insoluble alkalis and salts, and then I will introduce it to you.

First of all, we must know that most of the insoluble alkali and insoluble salt are weak acid groups, as anions and acids are soluble substances, so that the acid will react with the anions in the insoluble alkali and salt, and it also conforms to the principle of strong acid to weak acid. In addition, once the acid and insoluble alkali and salt react, there is a state of dissolution equilibrium, to know which zinc salt and acid reaction can form new salts and new acids, these new products often produce a gas, so that these salts dissolve. In addition, it can also be satisfied by ion reaction to produce gas or weak acid, weak alkali gas or water, and finally some new salts, whose dissolved ions will react with acids, so that the concentration of ions will continue to decrease, resulting in the dissolution equilibrium constantly moving forward, so this reaction will occur, but it is necessary to know that alkali cannot have a similar reaction, because alkali cannot dissolve these insoluble salts.

It can be seen that the knowledge in chemistry is very profound, but also very difficult to learn, in addition, the learning knowledge of chemistry is relatively general, and learning a knowledge can not only be applied to this topic but also to some other topics, so for some students who are not logical, they must put more effort into chemistry, otherwise it is likely to lead to the occurrence of the phenomenon of lagging.

Finally, it is inevitable that you will encounter some questions in the learning process, so you must ask the teacher in time, and the teacher's explanation can help us accept this knowledge point well, and at the same time, we can learn this knowledge well.

Acids contain hydrogen ions, and alkalis contain hydroxide ions, and the two come into contact with each other to cause the two ions to react to form water, so acids can react with insoluble bases.

In life, acids can react with bases, which is the norm in chemistry. The acid-base reaction is followed by the formation of a neutralizing substance. Salt, on the other hand, is a type of sodium.

Because this reaction conforms to the principle of strong acid to weak acid, it contains a lot of chemical knowledge, which can allow us to understand the reaction between substances.

The reaction of salt and acid to form new salt and new acid, the reaction of insoluble salt and acid can produce easily decomposed acid and soluble salt, for example: calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid reaction to produce soluble calcium chloride and easily decomposable carbonic acid, releasing CO2

Salt and alkaline reaction, they exchange ions to generate new salts and new bases, salts are insoluble, it reacts with alkalis, and can only produce more insoluble salts in order to react, there are not many cases.

MgCO3+2NaOH = Na2CO3+Mg(OH)2 Since the solubility of magnesium hydroxide is less than that of magnesium carbonate, the above reaction can be achieved.

Not all soluble bases can react with hydrochloric acid. Soluble alkali refers to the base that can be dissolved in water. Hydrochloric acid is an acidic oxidizing agent that is able to react with alkali to produce salt and water. However, only some soluble bases are able to react with hydrochloric acid, while other soluble bases are not.

For example, pure water is a soluble base, but it cannot react with hydrochloric acid. Pure ethanol is also a soluble base, but it is also unable to react with hydrochloric acid.

There are also compounds, such as acetic acid and formaldehyde, which are insoluble in water, but they are also basic compounds themselves. Therefore, it is also impossible to react with hydrochloric acid. In conclusion, not all soluble bases can react with hydrochloric acid, only some specific bases can react with hydrochloric acid.

Chemistry is a rule, and it is not easy to memorize the soluble acidity and alkali salts of junior high school chemistry.

If you find a pattern, it's simple.

1. Most acids are soluble (HCl, HNO3, H2CO3 are volatile, and concentrated H2SO4 are absorbent.) ）

2. Solubility of alkali: potassium, sodium, barium, ammonium solubility, calcium slightly soluble, and the rest of the alkali is completely insoluble.

3. Solubility of salt:

Potassium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate four salt soluble. (Potassium salt, sodium salt, ammonium salt, nitrate are all soluble in water).

Chloride is completely soluble except for AGCL insoluble.

Except for Baso4 which is insoluble and Ag2SO4 and CaSO4 are slightly soluble, the rest are fully soluble.

Carbonate is insoluble except for potassium, sodium, ammonium salt, and MgCO3 microsoluble.

Let me teach you a formula, potassium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate dissolve in water (meaning any potassium salt, sodium salt, ammonium salt, nitrate can be, soluble in water).

Sulfate removes lead and barium (in sulfate, only lead sulfate and barium sulfate are insoluble in water).

Hydrochloride removes silver mercury (only silver chloride is in the salt of hydrochloric acid, which is insoluble in water with mercurous chloride, and the latter is almost never used).

Soluble alkali potassium sodium ammonium calcium barium (soluble in water is only potassium hydroxide, sodium ammonium, calcium barium, calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble, and they are the most commonly used strong bases in junior high school leakage front).

Let's talk about the two stubborn precipitates (this is not a regular term) baso4 and agcl, which are insoluble with any acid you have seen so far.

Then, all carbonate precipitates or alkalis that are insoluble in water will be dissolved by acids, but they are relatively strong acids, so don't think that carbonic acid can dissolve carbonate precipitates.

Most carbonates are insoluble in water, only potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate are soluble, (the first sentence of the mantra), magnesium carbonate is slightly soluble.

Summary. Magnesium hydroxide, mg(OH)2, aluminum hydroxide, AL(OH)3, manganese hydroxide, MN(OH)2, zinc hydroxide, ZN(OH)2, iron hydroxide, Fe(OH)3, ferrous hydroxide, Fe(OH)2, copper hydroxide, Cu(OH)2

Magnesium Mg(OH)2Aluminum hydroxide, AL(OH)3, Manganese Hydroxide, Mn(OH)2, Zinc Hydroxide, Zn(OH)2, Iron Hydroxide, Fe(OH)3, Ferrous Hydroxide, Fe(OH)2, Copper Hydroxide, Cu(OH)2

There are also five insoluble salts

agcl,agbr,agi,baso4,caco3,mg(oh)2,baco3,mgco3

1) Insoluble in water, soluble in acid, soluble in salt solution ---mg(OH)2!

2) mg(oh)2 + 2h+ =mg2+ +2h2o

3) Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4CI (saturated) = MgCi2+

First of all, the reactions between acids and alkalis are metathesis reactions; The essence of metathesis reaction is that two substances that undergo metathesis reaction exchange ions with each other in aqueous solution and combine into substances that are difficult to ionize. The prerequisite for this reaction is ion exchange, and free ions must be present for the reaction to take place.

In the acid-base neutralization reaction, the acid itself is in a solution state, and both strong and weak acids can be ionized to produce H+ to participate in the reaction.

In the saline-alkali reaction, if it is not in solution and molten state, ionization cannot be produced, and ions cannot be exchanged without free ions, so the reaction cannot be carried out.

The reaction of the acid, the alkali occurs unconditionally.

The acid-base neutralization reaction is very fast and violent, and the general insoluble substances will actually dissolve a little bit in the water, and the little dissolution will be reacted by the acid in an instant, and then it will continue to dissolve a little and continue to be reacted, so the acid-base neutralization base can be insoluble.

However, the acid group in the saline-alkali reaction is usually a weak acid, which must be in the form of ions before it can react, and the essence of the metathesis reaction is also the exchange of ions, so it must be soluble, otherwise there are too few ions, and the reaction is not good.

Summary. Hello, what happens when you add dilute hydrochloric acid when there are soluble alkalis and carbonates in the solution at the same time, the result is as follows: an alkaline carbonate solution that produces gas and emits heat.

What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added when soluble alkalis and carbonates are present in the solution at the same time?

Hello, what happens when there is soluble alkali and carbohusenate in the solution at the same time, what happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added, and the result is as follows: the alkaline carbonated pants are poor acres of salt solution, which will produce gas and emit a good amount of heat.

Do bubbles occur immediately or do you see them only after a while? What's with?

Hello, it took a while to see the bubbles.

Cause: Soluble alkalis and carbonates can form bicarbonate and react with hydrochloric acid to form salts.

The point is to wonder why you see the bubble after a while? What are the rules?

And because it has a process of producing bicarbonate first, and then bubbles come out.

If you still don't understand there, you can click on my avatar and consult me privately.