About the language Zhuangzi information

Zhuangzi, the name Zhou, the word Xiu. The Taoist patriarch, known as Nanhua Zhenren, is one of the four real people of Taoism. Zhuangzi was about the same time as King Hui of Liang, King Xuan of Qi, Mencius, and Huizi, and died at the age of 83.

One of the main founders of Taoist doctrine. A famous philosopher, thinker, and writer of the Warring States period. Zhuangzi's ancestors were nobles of the Chu State, and later moved to the Song State due to the turmoil in the Chu State.

Zhuangzi became acquainted with his fellow countryman Huizi in the Song Kingdom. Zhuangzi only worked as a local lacquer gardener, and almost retired for the rest of his life. Because he advocates freedom, he should not be hired by the king of Chu Wei of the same sect.

Zhuangzi and Lao Tzu, the ancestor of Taoism, are called "Lao Zhuang", and their philosophical thought system is respected as "Lao Zhuang Philosophy" by the academic circles, and the representative work is "Zhuangzi". Zhuangzi's life period is generally considered to be 369-286 BC.

When Zhuangzi died, the Song kingdom was destroyed. In "Zhuangzi", there is "the old country and the old capital, and the hope is smooth", and it is obvious that it was called "the old country and the old capital" after the death of the Song Dynasty. Zhuangzi advocates "the unity of heaven and man" and "quiet and non-action".

His doctrines covered all aspects of social life at the time, but the spirit was converted to the philosophy of Lao Tzu. Zhuangzi used to be a lacquer gardener, and lived in poverty.

However, he despised glory, wealth, power, fame and fortune, and tried to maintain an independent personality in troubled times, pursuing free and free spiritual freedom. For Zhuangzi's important contribution to the history of Chinese literature and thought, the feudal emperor paid special attention to it, and in the twenty-fifth year of the Tang Dynasty, Zhuangzi was edicted as "Nanhua Zhenren", and later generations called it "Nanhua Zhenren", and was regarded as the founder of Taoism Yinzong Miaozhen Dao.

It is regarded as the incarnation of Taiyi's salvation of suffering. The book "Zhuangzi" is also known as the "Nanhua Zhenjing". His essays have a strong romantic flavor and have had a profound influence on later literature.

Zhuangzi (c. 369 BC – 286 BC), Han Chinese. The name Zhou, the word Zixiu (a said Zimu), later generations called "Nanhua Zhenren", Song Guomeng (now Mengcheng County, Anhui Province, also said to be in the Northeast Minquan County, Shangqiu County, Henan Province) during the Warring States Period. A famous thinker, philosopher, and writer, he is a representative of the Taoist school, the successor and developer of Laozi's philosophical thought, and the founder of the pre-Qin Zhuangzi school.

His doctrine covered all aspects of social life at that time, but the fundamental spirit was still attributed to the philosophy of Lao Tzu. Later generations called him and Lao Tzu "Lao Zhuang", and their philosophy was "Lao Zhuang Philosophy".

His thought contains elements of naïve dialectics, the main idea is "the way of heaven and the way of non-action", that everything is changing, he believes that the "Tao" is "born from nature", from the "Tao has not yet been sealed" (that is, the "Tao" is without boundaries), belongs to the subjective idealism system. Advocate "inaction" and give up all reckless acts. He also believes that everything is relative, so he denies knowledge, denies the essential difference between all things, vigorously denies reality, and fantasizes about a subjective spiritual realm in which "heaven and earth are born together with me, and all things are one with me".

Politically, he advocates "rule by inaction", opposes all social systems, and abandons all cultural knowledge.

Zhuangzi's essays are highly imaginative, varied, romantic, and use the form of fables, full of humor and irony, which have a great influence on the literary language of later generations. Zhuang Zhou and his disciples and later scholars wrote the Zhuangzi (regarded as the Nanhua Sutra by Taoism), one of the Taoist classics. The Han Shuyi Wenzhi recorded 52 articles of the Zhuangzi, but only 33 remained.

Among them, there are seven inner chapters, which are generally designated as Zhuangzi's works; The outer miscellaneous works may be mixed with the works of his disciples and later Taoists.

Zhuangzi has high research value in philosophy and literature. Famous articles include "Leisurely Travel", "Theory of Things", "Health Master", etc., and the "Ding Ding Jie Niu" in "Health Master" is especially recited by later generations.

1. Zhuangzi (c. 369 B.C. - c. 286 B.C.), known as Zhou, was a native of the Song Kingdom and Mongolia during the Warring States Period. He was a thinker, philosopher, and writer in the middle of the Warring States period, the founder of Zhuangxue, and a representative of the Taoist school.

2. Zhuangzi was not hired by King Chu Wei because of his advocating freedom, and only served as the local Qiyuan official of the Song Kingdom, known as the "Qiyuan Proud Official" in history, and was known as a model of local officials. His earliest idea of "inner sage and outer king" had a profound influence on Confucianism. He had an insight into Yi Li and pointed out that "Yi is the way of yin and yang", and his "three Lai" ideas are in line with the way of the three talents of the Book of Changes.

His literary imagination is rich and peculiar, the language is used freely, flexible and changeable, and he can write subtle and indescribable philosophies fascinatingly, which is called "the philosophy of literature, the literature of philosophy". His works are included in the book "Zhuangzi", and his representative works include "Leisurely Travel", "Theory of Things", "Health Master" and so on.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in addition to Lao Tzu, there was also Zhuang Zhou, who was called "Lao Zhuang" along with Lao Tzu, and his doctrine was called "Lao Zhuang Doctrine". ”

Zhuang Zhou was a Mongolian from the Song State in the middle of the Warring States Period, and his ancestors were nobles of the Chu State, and later moved to the Song State due to the turmoil of the Chu State. Zhuang Zhou has been quiet and studious since childhood, advocating Lao Tzu's Taoism. With the continuous growth of Zhuang Zhou's knowledge, his fame also grew, and he was respectfully called "Zhuangzi".

Zhuangzi was very knowledgeable, studied the various schools of scholarship at that time, and formed his own opinions. His representative works include "Zhuangzi", also known as "Nanhua Sutra", which is one of the Taoist classics, a collection of works of Zhuangzi and his successors, among which "Wandering Away", "Theory of Things", "Health Master" and other famous articles, especially recited by later generations.

Zhuangzi's extraordinary imagination and unpredictable fables constitute Zhuangzi's unique and peculiar imaginary world. His writing is varied and adopts the form of fables, which are full of humor and irony, and have a great influence on the literary language of later generations. "Zhuangzi" has high research value in philosophy and literature, and it is called "Sanxuan" together with "Zhou Yi" and "Laozi".