How to prevent and control cabbage heartburn, and how to prevent and control dried Chinese cabbage h

Chinese cabbage heartburn, also known as skin rot and scorched edge disease, mostly occurs from the rosette to the harvest period. At the rosette stage, the edges of the leaves are water-stained and light brown withered, and then gradually dry out and roll inward to form a spoon. The growth of the diseased plant is poor, the leaf bulb is loose and unreal, and the leaf bulb is cut, and the edge of the middle leaf becomes yellow and dry, and the leaf veins are yellow-brown.

Diseased leaves are formed as the plant grows into the heart. The petioles have brown streaks. It is perishable from harvest to cellar storage, but it has no odor.

Dried Chinese cabbage heartburn is a physiological disease caused by the lack of water-soluble calcium and manganese in the soil.

Control methods: agricultural control. Do not apply partial nitrogen fertilizer, increase organic fertilizer, and improve soil properties; Deep ploughing, land leveling, half-height furrow cultivation, reasonable watering, and drought prevention are important measures to prevent the occurrence of the disease.

Pharmaceutical prevention and control. Spray manganese sulfate at the rosette stage, 50 kg of medicated solution per 667 m2, or spray "spraying" dried Chinese cabbage heartburn to prevent and control abundance, 450 grams per 667 m2 each time, add 50 kg of water, and spray a total of 3 times at the seedling stage, rosette stage and before the heart. Or use the "seed dressing" Chinese cabbage dried heartburn to prevent and control the abundant seeds, 225 grams of medicine per 667 meters2 each time, add 30 grams of fine dry soil and mix well with the seeds and sow seeds.

Choose the right breed. Such as Qingza No. 3, Xia Dongqing, Yubai No. 1, Yubai No. 2, Zhengbai No. 4, Zhongbai No. 1, Zhongbai No. 2, etc.

Spraying 0 7 manganese sulfate solution, 750L hm, can increase the yield by 8 -L0, spraying spraying Chinese cabbage dry heartburn to control Feng in cabbage seedling stage, rosette stage or pre-core medicine 6750g hm, sprayed with 750L of water, a total of 3 times.

There are great differences in the resistance of different varieties of Chinese cabbage to dry heartburn, and attention should be paid to the selection of disease resistance when planting, and more attention should be paid to the selection of varieties in areas dominated by cellared vegetables. There are some disease-resistant varieties in all parts of northern China, such as Xinxiang Xiaobao 23, Jinlu 55, Qingqing, Zhongbai 4, etc., which are resistant to dry heartburn.

Choose a good garden, intensive cultivation, to choose fertile soil, loose texture, good drainage, low salt content, Chinese cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables have not been planted in the same field, try not to choose calcium lack of red loam, low-lying saline-alkali land.

How to prevent and treat dried Chinese cabbage heartburn.

Dried heartburn disease of Chinese cabbage occurs widely in Lufeng County, if the prevention and control is not timely, it will reduce the commerciality of Chinese cabbage, affect the improvement of yield and economic benefits, and lead to the end of production and harvest in severe cases.

1. Symptoms Chinese cabbage heartburn mainly occurs in the bulb part of the cabbage heartbeat stage, the appearance of the bulb is normal, but the inner leaves are partially yellowed, the mesophyll is dry and papery, the juice in the disease area is sticky but odorless, the boundary of the diseased part is clear, and sometimes dry rot or wet rot appears.

2. Causes.

Dried Chinese cabbage heartburn is a physiological disease, which mostly occurs in spring and summer, mainly caused by calcium deficiency, followed by manganese deficiency. There are many causes of calcium deficiency:

The dry weather, the evaporation of water is large, and the underground salinity rises, which hinders the absorption of calcium by plants.

long-term use of nitrogen fertilizers to acidify the soil;

The soil has little organic matter, and the soil is heavy and compacted;

Vegetable fields are waterlogged and the root system is poorly developed, which hinders the absorption of calcium by the roots.

3. Prevention and control methods.

According to the cause of the occurrence, the following prevention and control measures should be taken:

Choose disease-resistant varieties: Qingbang Chinese cabbage is more disease-resistant than white-gang type, and Qiulu 60 and Qiulu 75 can be selected.

Increase the application of farmhouse fertilizer: apply 2000-2500 kg of well-decomposed farmhouse fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer to improve soil structure and enhance plant resistance;

Reasonable irrigation: Irrigation is carried out according to the different water needs of Chinese cabbage in different growth periods to prevent over-drying and over-wetting.

Formula fertilization: control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application;

Timely spraying of calcium fertilizer: foliar sprays of calcium chloride or superphosphate and manganese sulfate from the rosette stage. Spray every 7-10 days, a total of 4-5 sprays.

Prevention and treatment of dried Chinese cabbage heartburn.

Cabbage now has a small black table in his heart.

First of all, it is necessary to apply fertilizer reasonably and adjust the pH of the soil. Secondly, it is necessary to irrigate scientifically, and finally it is necessary to strengthen field management. Chinese cabbage is one of the most important growing crops, and its sweet and crisp taste is a very popular table food.

However, it is very easy to have dry heartburn during the planting process, which will not only reduce the quality and sales of cabbage, but also bring serious economic losses to growers, and it is very easy to expand its spread during the onset of the disease. Therefore, if you want to prevent and control dry heartburn, you must first grasp the pattern of its symptoms and carry out targeted prevention and control. After the onset of the disease, there will be black spots on the leaves of cabbage, which will not rot and have no smell, but it will directly affect the quality of cabbage and cannot be eaten.

Even during storage, if the temperature is not properly controlled, more serious conditions can occur. <

Proper fertilizationIn fact, the main reason for the occurrence of this disease is the unreasonable climate regulation and the fact that there is calcium inside the plant in the process of attention. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of Chinese cabbage and increase economic benefits in the planting process, it is necessary to pay more attention to reasonable fertilization. The bottom fertilizer is mainly composed of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, under normal circumstances, the amount of fertilizer applied to the farm is about 5,000 catties, potassium sulfate is about 15 catties, and a small amount of urea is also matched, which can improve soil conditions and provide richer nutrients for plant growth.

At the same time, it is necessary to level the land and regulate the pH of the soil. <>

Scientific irrigationAccording to the above, it is known that the main reason for affecting the quality and disease of Chinese cabbage is climate and temperature, so it must be scientifically irrigated in the process of planting and growth, and sufficient water sources and rich water content must be ensured. If there is a dry season, it is necessary to irrigate regularly and quantitatively to ensure the softness of the soil, and to loosen the soil in time after irrigation to avoid agglomeration. However, it should not be over-irrigated so as not to damage the root system.

If it is in the rosette period, it is necessary to observe the soil moisture and moisture content regularly, and if it is in the rainy season, it is necessary to drain the water in time. Only scientific irrigation can make Chinese cabbage thrive in the case of sufficient water, and avoid dry heartburn <> due to temperature imbalance

Field management must be cultivated at the seedling stage, so that the root system can grow more vigorously. It is necessary to ensure that the moisture of the field meets the growth requirements, avoid excessive drought and other conditions, and prevent and control pests and diseases. During the rosette stage, its healthy growth can be guaranteed by applying calcium chloride and superphosphate solutions.

If diseases are found, calcium fertilizer and manganese fertilizer can also be appropriately supplemented. In fact, dry heartburn is very harmful to Chinese cabbage. It directly affects the quality and yield of cabbage, causing serious economic losses for growers, so it is necessary to control it through three steps: irrigation and fertilization and field management.

At the same time, attention should be paid to planting stubble.

Spray pesticides once a week, water every day, apply fertilizer appropriately, and maintain the temperature and humidity of the environment where the cabbage grows.

The growth temperature and humidity of Chinese cabbage should be controlled at ordinary times, because the appearance of dried heartburn disease of Chinese cabbage is because the growing environment of Chinese cabbage is too arid.

It can be prevented and controlled in advance through the seeds of Chinese cabbage, and some chemical drugs can also be sprayed in the early stage for prevention, all of which are prepared in advance.

You can use some lime, lime can be supplemented with calcium, can play a preventive effect, but also must be in accordance with the scientific method of irrigation, reasonable fertilization, try to use farm fertilizer, when choosing the land must choose the land with low salt content.

Chinese cabbage is known as the "king of vegetables", and it is also one of the favorite vegetable products of the people in northern China. As a result, its cultivation area is very extensive. However, in recent years, dried heartburn of Chinese cabbage has caused serious harm to farmers, and it has shown an increasingly serious trend It mainly occurs in the early stage of balling, and the edges of young leaves are water-stained and translucent, and wilt and appear white ribbon after dehydration.

After balling, it seems to be normal, but peeling off the leaf ball can see that the leaf margin part of the leaf is dried and yellowed, the mesophyll is dry paper-like bands or irregular lesions, sometimes expanding, the leaf tissue is water-stained, the leaf veins are light yellow-brown, and the juice is sticky at the beginning of the disease. Sometimes dry or wet rot occurs. <>

1. Choose a pastoral with fertile soil and low salt content, and low-lying saline-alkali land with perennial disease, and Chinese cabbage cannot be planted before transformation.

2. Reasonable fertilization, increase the application of farm fertilizer, and apply sufficient basal fertilizer to the soil that uses ammonia nitrogen for a long time, improve the soil structure, and improve the ability to retain water and fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, and it is appropriate to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer at 40 60kg per mu according to soil fertility; At the same time, it is necessary to increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to achieve the combined use of the three elements. It is necessary to choose plots with fertile soil, loose texture, good drainage, low salt content, and no Chinese cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables planted in the same field, and try not to choose red loam soil lacking in calcium and low-lying saline-alkali land.

Before seeding or transplanting, the land should be carefully prepared, so that the upper and lower parts are solid, and the soil is broken and flat, so as to promote the development of the root system and improve the ability to absorb and supply fertilizer. 125kg hm2 of lime was used for acidic red loam soil, mixed with soil miscellaneous fertilizer to supplement calcium and reduce acid; Alkaline soil was applied with gypsum powder 1500kg hm, and 1 deep tillage was carried out to loosen the soil, promote the increase of plant root hair, and enhance the absorption capacity. The specific requirements are that the soil organic matter content of vegetable field should be 3 to bu, the total salt content should be below 0 2, and the sodium chloride content should be less than 0 05.

3. Scientific irrigation, should be watered thoroughly before sowing, the seedling stage advocates small water frequent watering, the rosette period according to the weather, moisture and plant growth moderate squatting seedlings, dry weather can also not squat seedlings. After squatting, the seedlings should be watered sufficiently, and the ground should be kept moist during the hearting period. After irrigation, it should be cultivated in time to prevent soil compaction and salinity.

Avoid watering fields with sewage and salt water. The availability of calcium is poor when the soil is dry and dehydrated, and when there is too much water, it inhibits the uptake of nutrients by the roots. Therefore, in the whole growth period of Chinese cabbage, small water should be used to water frequently, and the soil should always be kept moist, not dry or waterlogged

After irrigation, cultivate in time to prevent soil, saline-alkali l}: avoid watering the field with sewage and alkaline water. After the Chinese cabbage enters the rosette, I In most parts of the north, the general year is high and cool in autumn, continuous drought, and it is necessary to irrigate once every 15 days or so, but the irrigation should be stopped before harvest, in case the leaf bulb has too much water content and is not resistant to storage.

4. Chinese cabbage needs a lot of humidity when growing, so it should be harvested as soon as possible with a more solid leaf ball, and the harvest period should not be delayed for too long, generally 15d, excessive maturity often causes cracked balls and reduces quality.

You can choose some fields with fertile soil and low salt content. Fertilization must be reasonable and should be applied according to the quality of the soil. If you want to water, it is best not to irrigate a large area, as long as the soil is moist and not dry.

If the cabbage is ripe, pull it off immediately and do not leave it in the ground for a long time.

The drugs for the prevention and control of dry burning of cabbage can be sprayed per mu at the seedling stage, rosette stage and early stage of the heart, and calcium nitrate solution can be sprayed in the growth period of Chinese cabbage, which can reduce the incidence.

To add some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It is important to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used so that this situation can be prevented from happening again.

The disease began to occur at the rosette stage, and some young leaves only showed dry edges, and only showed symptoms after bulbling, and the development was serious during the storage period. If these symptoms are the ones you can take, there are some precautions:1

On the one hand, it is due to the relative lack of calcium due to excessive plant growth, on the other hand, calcium and nitrogen have an antagonistic effect, and ammonium ions can replace calcium and leach calcium. Dried heartburn of Chinese cabbage has a great relationship with soil moisture.

In the growing season of cabbage, try to increase the temperature difference between day and night as much as possible to make the cabbage leaves thicker, and apply an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer to the cabbage while spreading potassium fertilizer. After potassium fertilizer is applied, it can catch the manufacture and transportation of nutrients, which can make the leaf bulb fruit, because the most potassium fertilizer is required at the balling stage, if the calcium content in the cabbage leaves is high, it will reduce the situation of cabbage heartburn, and the yield of cabbage will be relatively high. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to fertilization, and apply more organic fertilizer appropriately, so that the root system of cabbage can be developed, the health of cabbage can be improved, and the ability to resist disease will be relatively improved.

It happens every year in the future, and it is best to change the land and plant cabbage again, otherwise it will be difficult to smelt. I am a farmer, this situation has been encountered, I have checked the information that it is a lack of calcium, etc., but you can't make up for it, every year to plant, every year, so it is best to change the land, but you can't change it, just add organic fertilizer. The soil is alkaline, calcium ions are fixed, can not be absorbed by plants, because it is only the soil with chemical fertilizer, so it is necessary to apply more organic fertilizer, improve the soil pH value, make the soil pH value neutral and slightly acidic, which is conducive to the free and release of calcium ions in the soil.

Generally, in drier years, especially in the drier years of Chinese cabbage seedling stage or rosette stage, the phenomenon of heartburn in Chinese cabbage becomes more serious. The soil is too dry, which affects the absorption of nutrients by the root system of the plant, so improper water management is also the cause of heartburn in Chinese cabbage.