Drug prices are set, and how are drugs priced?

The management of drugs is in three forms: pricing, guidance price and market adjustment price. **Priced drugs, operators should strictly implement the regulations**, and shall not adjust without authorization; For drugs with a guide price, the operator shall independently formulate the purchase and sale of drugs without breaking through the scope of the regulations and complying with the relevant regulations; Drugs with market-regulated prices shall be independently formulated by the operator**. The drug manufacturer's ** has a wholesale price, retail price and the winning bid price in each place, and the distribution to the hospital involves the rebate of the commercial distribution company, so even if it is the same drug, in different provinces and cities, and even in different hospitals, pharmacies ** are different.

That's all I know, not fully hopeful.

Legal analysis: 1. Cost price.

The cost of producing a drug calculated by a pharmaceutical company.

2. Reserve price, ex-factory price, opening price, and actual settlement price.

The reserve price is essentially the ex-factory price, which is the pricing after the cost price plus the reasonable profit of the enterprise. However, due to the fact that the sales of drugs are carried out by professional sales companies, and most of the drugs are sold through hospitals, in order to give these sales companies and hospitals profit margins, there is a reserve price model. Under the floor price mode, the manufacturer invoices the merchant at a level of about 15% and 25% of the approved maximum retail price (correspondingly referred to as 15 deductions and 25 deductions).

However, in order to cope with the national investigation of the drug factory, Yunxian Pharmaceutical Company obviously can no longer issue a reserve price invoice, and needs to "high" the invoice, which results in the opening price and the actual settlement price.

3. Wholesale price and actual retail price.

The wholesale price in the narrow sense refers to the ** given to the hospital by the last level of commercial companies; In a broad sense, it also refers to purchases between all levels of commerce**. The actual retail price refers to the final retail price of the drug sold to the patient at the point of sale**. For hospitals, the markup between the wholesale price and the actual retail price cannot exceed 15.

The "Opinions on Further Rectifying the Order of the Drug and Medical Service Market" stipulates that the sales of drugs by medical institutions at or above the county level shall be based on the actual purchase price, and the price increase rate shall not exceed 15%.

4. The winning bid price and the highest retail price limit.

According to different pricing rights, the pricing of drugs can be divided into ** pricing, ** guidance pricing and market regulation pricing. Among them, when pricing and guiding pricing, the company will be given a maximum retail price, and the enterprise socks will be quoted on the basis of this, and through bidding and bidding, and finally obtain the qualification to sell in a regional hospital, and the enterprise will be recognized after the **, that is, the winning price.

Legal basis: Article 55 of the Drug Administration Law of the People's Republic of China Article 55 For drugs that are priced and guided in accordance with the law, the competent authorities shall reasonably formulate and adjust the price in accordance with the pricing principles stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China, according to the average social cost, market supply and demand and social affordability, so as to achieve consistent quality and price, eliminate false prices, and protect the legitimate interests of users. Drug manufacturers, business enterprises and medical institutions must implement the first price, the first guide price, and shall not raise the first price in any form.

The drug manufacturer shall truthfully provide the production and operation costs of the drug to the competent department in accordance with the law, and shall not refuse to report, make false reports, or conceal reports.

Summary. Drug pricing usually takes the following three forms:1

**Pricing: **Formulated on the drug** and published to the public. This is a form of market intervention in drugs** in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people.

2.Independent pricing: drug manufacturers, sales companies, etc. develop their own drugs**.

This type of pricing is often seen in highly competitive markets, and companies will set it based on market demand, cost, competition, and other factors**. 3.Agreement Pricing:

The two parties (such as the hospital and the supplier) have reached an agreement through negotiation. This approach requires both parties to negotiate and reach a satisfactory outcome after taking into account the influence of various factors.

Drug pricing is usually in three forms: 1**Pricing:

**Formulated on the drug** and published to the public. This is a form of market intervention in drugs**, with the aim of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the public. 2.

Independent pricing: drug manufacturers, sales companies, etc. develop their own drugs**. This type of pricing is often seen in highly competitive markets, and companies will set it based on market demand, cost, competition, and other factors**.

3.Negotiated pricing: The two parties (such as the hospital and the supplier) agree through negotiation.

This approach requires both parties to negotiate and reach a satisfactory outcome after taking into account the influence of various factors.

Fellow, I really didn't understand, I can be more specific.

Drug pricing is usually in three forms: 1**Pricing:

**Formulated on the drug** and published to the public. This is a form of market intervention in drugs**, with the aim of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the public. 2.

Independent pricing: drug manufacturers, sales companies, etc. develop their own drugs**. This type of pricing is often seen in highly competitive markets, and companies will set it based on market demand, cost, competition, and other factors**.

3.Negotiated pricing: The two parties (such as the hospital and the supplier) agree through negotiation.

This approach requires both parties to negotiate and reach a satisfactory outcome after taking into account the influence of various factors.

Drug pricing usually takes three forms: first, pricing, that is, pricing of drugs through the management department, and the price of drugs is the price set by the government, such as national essential drugs, national medical insurance drugs, etc.; The second is market pricing, that is, according to the market supply and demand relationship, production costs, etc., the price of potato grip drugs is determined, which is determined by the manufacturer, such as most of the non-national essential drugs, medical beauty, etc.; The third is the pricing negotiation and judgment, that is, the medical insurance department and the drug manufacturer negotiate with the drug manufacturer to negotiate a certain amount of payment, and the drug that has been included in the medical insurance is generally determined in this way. Each of the three forms has its own advantages and disadvantages, but all of them are designed to better protect the rights and interests of the public.

Recently, the news of commonly used and urgent drugs has continued, the price of nitroglycerin, a drug for heart disease, has risen to 60 yuan, and Tai Chi Huoxiang Zhengqi Water has also risen from 15 yuan to 28 yuan, etc. It is understood that there are more than 200 kinds of drugs, and these drugs are concentrated in commonly used drugs. So, what's the deal with the price increase in medicines?

What is the reason for the common drug ****?

According to the monitoring data of the National Health Insurance Administration, since 2015, 70% of commonly used drugs** have decreased or remained flat, and the average decline of **drugs** such as anticancer drugs has reached 18%. About 30% of the commonly used drugs have a large increase. Through the survey of more than 3,200 commonly used drugs, the National Health Insurance Administration found that only about 200 kinds of drugs have risen significantly, concentrated in some shortage drugs, emergency drugs and a few over-the-counter drugs.

Most of the drugs with price increases have the characteristics of small market capacity and insufficient competition, which are often clinically necessary and lack of substitution, and are prone to the trend of "forcing prices to rise with shortage". The production of some drugs or APIs is highly concentrated, and the distribution channels of APIs are easy to be controlled, and the purpose of illegal profit is achieved through monopoly control and sales. For example, the increase in labor costs, the improvement of product quality levels, and the increase in environmental protection investment have also produced an increase in reasonable costs, which has a greater impact on the historically low drugs.

According to the provisions of China's "** Law", China's drugs are subject to hierarchical management, which is jointly supervised by the competent authorities and other relevant departments at or above the county level. It is supervised by the state, and is responsible for the formulation and announcement of the highest retail sales of drugs, drug approval, drug monitoring, etc. In the local area, it is supervised by the local **** competent department, which is generally the price bureau.

In the process of performing their own functions, this kind of pluralistic regulatory body is easy to cause problems such as conflict of interests between departments, unclear rights and responsibilities, etc., and the existence of these problems will make the regulation of drugs fail to achieve the expected effect.

It is based on the cost of the drug, as well as the production process, and the overall team R & D funds to formulate, **** is likely to be because of the current lack of market or the cost of the drug, and the number of people who buy it is small, so it will increase the number of single products.

According to the situation of people buying drugs, and the market needs to formulate. There are many people who buy it, social changes, the cost of drugs, and the scarcity of drugs.

It is based on costs and demands, and also takes into account constraints. It could be a sudden increase in demand or an increase in the cost of raw materials.

For example, if the cost price of a commodity is 50 yuan, and you want 30% or 40% of the profit, you should add 30% to the cost price (that is, at least 65 yuan**) on the basis of the cost price. Then, according to the influence of the brand, the position of the reference company in the industry, and the consumer's awareness of your product, you will finally make a price. In this way, you can not only get profits, but also have a certain competitiveness in the market, and let customers have a sense of awareness of yours.

2. Target Profit Pricing Method: The first thing to consider is what your expected goal is? That is, how much money you expect to make after the product comes out, and then control the cost within a certain range according to the target profit. For example, if your product is ready to be sold for 100 yuan, and the target profit is 50 yuan, then you have to find a way to control the relevant costs within 50 yuan, which is the so-called target profit pricing method.

3. Demand-oriented pricing methodThis method is based on the needs of customers, and analyzes the situation under which customers can accept you. For example, if the customer can accept the ** is about 20 yuan, more than 30 yuan is difficult to sell, then set the ** within 30 yuan, if more than 50 yuan is difficult for the customer to accept, sell 48 yuan. In the target consumer group, according to the customer's age, income, buying habits, as well as his awareness, sensitivity, etc., do a demand-oriented survey, analyze the range that the customer can accept, and then make pricing within this range.

4. Competition-oriented pricing method: This method should focus on how competitors set prices. When pricing the price, it can be kept close to the competitor's, or it can be a little higher or lower than the competitor's. If your brand, quality, promotion ability and channels are stronger than your competitors, then you can set it higher than him.

If your brand value, promotion ability, marketing ability and customer base purchasing power are not as advantageous as your opponent's, then your pricing will be lower than his.