How to grow tea? How to grow tea?

Proper pruning of tea branches at the right time is necessary for the coordination of tea growth, the improvement of tea yield, and quality assurance. The pruning of tea mainly includes three links: trunk determination, bud work and plastic pruning. In general, the main trunk of the tea tree can be highlighted by three to four pruning times, and in the first pruning, three or four thicker branches are generally selected on the tea tree as the main branch for further cultivation.

Tea frost protection. For adult tea trees and juvenile tea trees, the method of tea frost protection used is also different. For adult tea trees, their frost protection can be used by laying grass and soil and smoke to prevent frost.

The specific method is: spread 5 to 10 cm thick straw on the surface of the soil at the root of the tea tree to improve the cold resistance of the tea plant; During frost damage, smoke piles are set up according to the direction and location of the wind, and when a cold wave is approaching, smoke piles are lit to prevent frost damage. For tea trees that are old, it is also necessary to lay the soil with straw to prevent frost damage; It is also necessary to use plastic film or mulch film to cover the tea soil before the snow to achieve an effective cold resistance.

Soil management. Tea trees mainly grow in acidic soil areas and alpine and hilly areas, so it is advisable to choose alpine and hilly areas with acidic soil when planting tea trees. In addition, for the soil where tea trees are grown, it needs to be regularly loosened, free of weeds, and with a high degree of mulching.

When weeds grow in the tea garden, they need to be removed. If the soil is compacted, the soil should be turned over to loosen the soil. At the same time, for the management of soil, it is also necessary to drain the ditch, especially in the case of rainy weather, to ensure that the soil of the tea garden is not flooded.

"Seed" insect control. That is, to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases by adopting appropriate planting methods. For example, when opening a new garden, seedlings without diseases and insects are used, and sprayed with a new high-fat film solution to repel underground diseases and insects, isolate virus infection, and improve the ability to resist natural disasters.

Try to adopt the method of cluster planting or strip planting to avoid excessive dense planting and create a good ecological environment of tea gardens; Reasonable intercropping in tea gardens to prevent large-scale monoculture, so as to maintain abundant natural vegetation and reduce the probability of large occurrence of pests and diseases.

The most important principle of basal fertilizer application is to ensure the adequacy of fertilizer. The ideal method of fertilization is to use bio-fertilizers mixed with Stanley's pure sulfur to enrich the nutrients of the soil. The work of top dressing is concentrated in the early spring when the tea tree germinates, and urea is the first choice, supplemented by organic fertilizer.

The filling of the soil must pay attention to the adequacy and uniformity of the stirring, in order to avoid the sinking of the soil ditch, it should be the filling of the cover high above the horizon.

Requirements for the terrain: the terrain conditions of the tea garden mainly include altitude, slope, slope, etc., with the increase of altitude, the temperature and humidity have obvious changes, in the mountainous area at a certain height, the rainfall is abundant, the clouds and fog are more, the air humidity is large, and the diffuse light is strong, which is beneficial to the growth of tea trees, but it is not the higher the better, above 1000 meters, there will be frost damage. Generally, it is better to choose the southerly slope.

The slope should not be too large, generally below 30 degrees.

Requirements for climate: Sunlight: Light is the primary condition for the survival of tea trees, not too strong nor too weak, there is a special preference for ultraviolet rays, so the mountains produce good tea.

Temperature: one is air temperature, the other is ground temperature, the average daily temperature needs to be 10 degrees Celsius; The minimum should not be lower than -10 degrees Celsius. Moisture:

Abundant rain is a must. But too much also has a negative quality effect.

In order to maintain the vigorous growth of tea trees, maintain a good group structure of the canopy for a long time, facilitate operation and management, and extend the high yield life of tea trees, in addition to strengthening fertilizer management, it must also be regulated by annual pruning. Tea trees from the tender shoots to the underground part, can suffer from pests and diseases, tea pest control must implement the "prevention first, comprehensive control" plant protection policy.

After tea transplanting, it generally grows young and weak, the root system is shallow, and the drought resistance is poor, so it is necessary to do a good job of protecting seedlings. Grass spreading or shallow tillage can generally be used to improve drought resistance. Timely control of pests and diseases

Due to the changes in the ecological environment before and after transplanting of seedlings, coupled with the weak growth potential of seedlings in the early stage, the resistance to diseases and insects is not strong, so the control of pests and diseases should be strengthened.

Different varieties of tea trees have different optimal ecological conditions, the most important of which is temperature. If the ecological conditions exceed the optimal range of the variety, its excellent traits cannot be fully expressed, and the varieties with strong cold resistance and adaptability are selected, and the planting is relatively easy to succeed.

1. Reclamation. Tea plantations are reclaimed with a gentle slope below 15° and are directly reclaimed. The depth of reclamation is 50 cm.

For slopes with a slope of more than 15 °, build a ladder with a contour line, and the width of the ladder surface should be greater than meters, and then reclaim. If it belongs to the school land, it can be planted in rows after deep ploughing and leveling; The wasteland was divided into two reclamations. The initial depth of reclamation is up to 50 cm, and there is no need to break up the soil clods after deep ploughing, so as to facilitate water storage.

When reclamation, be careful not to turn the turf into the bottom layer, so that the reclamation is cleared out of the park, and the initial reclamation is completed, and the reclamation depth is 25-30 cm. Reclamation requires crushing clods of soil and removing firewood and grass roots. Do not turn the densely grown turf blocks into the lower layer, so as not to form holes after the weeds rot, which will affect the water and fertilizer absorption of the root system of tea seedlings.

2. Planting. It is necessary to use the growth period of underground activities for colonization, which is conducive to the elongation and development of the root system, and is also conducive to absorbing soil nutrients for the nutrients needed for the beginning of growth in the aboveground part. The planting period of tea seedlings in alpine areas should be mastered in February (around the Spring Festival) every year.

In the tea garden planting ditch that has been reclaimed, dig a hole 10-12 cm deep with planting farm tools, and the hole diameter is more than 10 cm, plant the tea seedlings vertically in the hole, fill with soil, and compact and compact, or use farm tools to tamp the tripartite soil layer of the seedling stem, and then cultivate 1-2 cm of fine soil, water through the water, and the seedlings should be 1-2 cm deeper than normal when planting. It would be ideal if you could choose to plant before the rains.

Tea seedlings should be planted in the way of "double row and single plant", with a plant spacing of 30 cm and a triangle between plants. Lay 3-5 cm thick straw or other grass plants in the tea row of the planting ditch for mulching, which is conducive to heat preservation and moisturizing, and achieves the effect of inhibiting the growth of weeds.

3. Pruning. The pruning period should be mastered in late May or early June, and after the end of autumn tea in mid-October.

1. Select good varieties and strong seedlings.

2. Plant in a timely manner. The planting period is generally suitable for the dormant period of seedlings, the spring planting is better from the beginning of spring to the stunning, and the autumn planting is better for the small spring climate before and after the cold dew and frost. When transplanting seedlings, try to bring more soil without damaging the roots, tea seedlings are too high to be pruned at 15-20cm from the ground before transplanting as the first fixed cut, and should be watered enough to fix the roots; Cover with another layer of loose soil.

After that, do a good job of frost prevention, drought resistance and seedling protection.

3. Dip the yellow mud into the roots before planting, and water the roots after planting. According to the experience of planting tea seedlings in multi-tea areas, the survival rate of tea seedlings can be greatly improved by dipping the roots of tea seedlings with yellow mud before planting and watering enough root water after planting.

4. Carry out shallow ditch planting, shallow ditch planting is to open the planting ditch or hole according to the determined plant row spacing, so that the tea row after tea seedling planting should be 5-10cm lower than the ground level, which can effectively form the climate of the tea tree community and is conducive to the use of natural water by tea trees, so as to improve the survival rate of tea seedlings.

5, the size of the seedlings with separate planting, in order to manage and grow uniformly, large seedlings per bush (hole) one, small seedlings from (hole) 2, double row spacing 150cm, small row spacing 33cm tea bush dislocation arrangement, double row with seedlings Yinbi and about 3500 acres, single row with seedlings about 2500 acres.

6. Planting method. When planting seedlings, the tea seedlings mud door is aligned, cross-placed, held in the hand, aimed at the planting position, and at the same time the hand hoe picks up the soil to cover the roots, about covering the roots 1 2, the cross seedlings are separated, so that the soil is isolated between the plants, and then the tea seedlings are lightly lifted to stretch the roots, and then the soil is covered to the mud door and then covered with soil 3-5cm, and the tea seedlings should be planted between the rows or on the side of the tea seedlings about 5% of the tea seedlings for the purpose of supplementing the seedlings.

7. After the tea tree is planted, it is necessary to do the work of cutting and laying grass, and the height of the cutting is generally 10-15cm, not more than 20cm, but for the base of the leafless tea seedlings, no matter how high the height is, 2-3 leaves must be left. Grass laying is conducive to water retention, fertilizer and weed control, grass should be spread on both sides of the tea thickness is generally 5-10cm.

1. Soil selection. In order to achieve high yield and high quality, it is necessary to ensure that the soil layer of planting is deep, at least 40 cm or more. The soil has a high content of organic matter, the soil layer is fertile and loose, and the pH value of the soil is best between.

In addition, we also require that the water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are relatively rich and harmonious, and the nutrients contained are relatively comprehensive and sufficient. If the soil for planting tea in the tea garden is poor, it should be actively improved to adapt it to the growth needs of tea trees.

2. Climate selection. Climatic characteristics typically include moisture, temperature, and light. As we have mentioned in many previous articles, tea plants must have the right light intensity, the right temperature, and enough rainfall to grow.

In order to improve the yield and quality of tea, the requirements for climatic factors will be higher. It is also a plant that likes diffused light, if the shading rate of the tea garden can reach 30 or 40%, the dry matter accumulation of tea will be more abundant, ensuring the quality of tea, and at the same time can improve the yield of tea to a certain extent. But if the shading rate of the tea garden exceeds 50%, these two figures will decline.

In terms of temperature, the suitable temperature for the growth of tea plants is 25 to 30 degrees, if the temperature is low, the content of amino acids will increase, but if the temperature is too high, the content of tea polyphenols will increase. If the content of tea polyphenols is high, it will make the bitter and astringent taste of tea heavier, resulting in a decrease in quality. In terms of rainfall, there was a positive correlation between rainfall and tea quality and yield during the growing season of tea trees.

Abundant rainfall is conducive to the improvement of the quality and yield of tea trees, and if the rainfall is low, others must be irrigated in time, otherwise it will affect the yield and quality of tea.

3. Topography selection. Most of China's tea gardens are in hills, slopes and mountains, but some tea gardens are in flat land and depressions. Tea plantations in mountainous and sloping areas have higher altitudes, so the temperature is relatively low, the content of tea polyphenols will decrease, and the content of amino acids will increase, which is why high mountains produce good tea.

However, due to the low temperature and insufficient heat, the growth of tea leaves is slow, and the yield cannot keep up. In flat land and depression, the tea garden has a higher temperature and abundant heat, so the yield of tea will be higher, but the quality may be worse than that of high mountain tea. At the same time, the yield of tea plantations in higher latitudes is lower than that in lower latitudes, but the quality may be higher.

Therefore, in the selection of tea garden plots, we should make appropriate choices according to our own requirements, whether to improve yield or quality.