International Maritime Cargo Insurance System

1. Scope of Liability.

There are three types of insurance: safety insurance, water damage insurance and all risks. In the event of loss of the insured goods, this insurance shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the provisions of the insurance policy that underwrite the insurance.

1) Ping An Insurance.

This insurance is responsible for indemnifying:

1. The insured goods have suffered a total loss or presumed total loss of the entire batch of goods due to severe weather, lightning, tsunami, flood and natural disasters during transportation. When the insured claims for a constructive total loss, he must entrust the damaged goods and their rights to the insurance company. If the insured goods are transported to or from a sea vessel by barge, the cargo contained in each barge may be treated as a single instalment.

Presumptive total loss means that the actual total loss of the insured goods has become unavoidable, or the cost of restoring, repairing and transporting the damaged goods to the original destination exceeds the value of the goods at that destination.

2. All or part of the loss of the goods caused by the means of transport being stranded, aground, sinking, colliding with drift ice or other objects, as well as fire and accidents.

3. In the case that the means of transport has been stranded, hit the reef, sunk or burned in an accident, and the goods have suffered some losses caused by natural disasters such as bad weather, lightning and tsunami at sea before and after this time.

4. All or part of the loss caused by one or more pieces of the whole cargo falling into the sea during loading, unloading or transshipment.

5. The reasonable expenses paid by the insured for taking measures to rescue, prevent or reduce the damage of the goods that are subject to the danger within the insurance liability, but not exceeding the insurance amount of the rescued goods.

6. Losses caused by unloading at the port of refuge after the means of transport is shipwrecked, and special expenses incurred due to unloading, storage and transportation of goods at the port of refuge and port of refuge.

7. Sacrifice, apportionment and salvage costs of general average.

8. The contract of carriage contains a clause of "liability for collision between ships", according to which the cargo shall reimburse the ship's losses.

Sakura only two) water damage insurance.

In addition to the liabilities listed above, this insurance is also responsible for part of the loss of the insured goods due to severe weather, lightning, tsunami, **, flood and natural disasters.

3) All risks.

In addition to the above liabilities including safety insurance and water damage insurance, this insurance is also responsible for all or part of the loss of the insured goods due to external causes in transit.

II. Exclusions.

This insurance is not liable for the following losses:

1) Losses caused by the insured's intentional acts or negligence.

2) Losses caused by the responsibility of the consignor.

3) Losses caused by the pre-existing defective quality or quantity of the insured goods before the commencement of insurance liability.

4) the natural wear and tear, essential defects, characteristics and market price of the insured goods; Losses or expenses incurred as a result of delay in transportation.

5) The scope of liability and exclusions stipulated in the war risk clause and the strike insurance clause for cargo transportation by sea.

Basic Insurance Exclusions:

Exclusions are losses or expenses for which the insurance is not responsible, and generally have risks that are not accidental, contingent or subject to special coverage. In order to clarify the scope of liability underwritten by the insurer, the Chinese People's Insurance Company's "Marine Transport Cargo Insurance Clause" has the following five exclusions for the marine basic transportation insurance:

1) Losses caused by the insured's intentional acts or negligence;

2) Losses caused by the liability of the consignor;

3) Before the commencement of insurance liability, the insured goods have been damaged by poor quality or short quantity;

4) Losses and expenses caused by the natural wear and tear, essential defects and characteristics of the insured goods, as well as market drops and transportation delays;

5) Liability under the provisions of war risk and strike insurance and liability outside of insurance.

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Answer]: a, b, d

The insurance period refers to the time limit for the insurer to assume liability. Since the cargo transportation insurance is an insurance for the cargo during a specific voyage, the insurance period of the marine cargo transportation insurance generally does not have a fixed specific start and end date. The term clause of the basic insurance for shipping goods in China consists of the warehouse-to-warehouse clause, the extended liability clause and the voyage termination clause.

What are the three basic types of marine transport cargo insurance in China? What is the difference between the three basic types of coverage? A:

According to the provisions of the "Provisions on Marine Transport Cargo Insurance" amended on January 1, 1981, the basic risks of marine transport cargo insurance are divided into three types: safety insurance, water damage insurance and all risks.

1) Ping An Insurance.

The scope of liability of Ping An Insurance is the narrowest type of liability among marine insurance.

2) Water damage insurance.

In addition to the responsibilities of the above Ping An insurance, the insurance company is also responsible for part of the losses caused by natural disasters such as severe weather, lightning, tsunamis, ** and floods.

3) All stool state insurance.

In addition to the above-mentioned liability for safety insurance and water damage insurance, the insurance company is also responsible for all or part of the loss of the insured goods due to general external risks during transportation.

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Marine insurance is a business activity in which the insurer and the insured agree on the risks that may be encountered by ships, cargo and other marine subjects through negotiation, and after the insured pays the agreed insurance premium, the insurer promises that once the above-mentioned risks occur within the agreed time and cause losses to the insured, the insurer will give the insured economic compensation as agreed. Marine insurance belongs to the category of property insurance, which is a legal system that provides economic compensation for property losses caused to people due to natural disasters and accidents at sea. The main differences between marine insurance and general property insurance are:

The subject matter of marine insurance is usually related to maritime voyages, such as ships and cargo on board; In addition to the risks that also exist on land (such as lightning, severe weather, fire, etc.), there are also a large number of risks unique to the sea (such as groundbreaking, grounding, seawater entering the cabin, etc.); Marine insurance generally belongs to international business activities, because usually, either the parties to marine insurance belong to different countries, or the insured accident occurs in a foreign country, in short, most of them involve international relations. Due to the above reasons, China's insurance companies generally attribute marine insurance business to the international business department, and some refer to marine insurance as marine insurance. Principles of Marine InsuranceThe principles of marine insurance refer to the code of conduct that parties should follow in marine insurance activities.

As an independent type of economic activity, marine insurance activities have gradually formed a series of basic principles in the long-term development process based on their own characteristics and scope of application. According to international practice, these basic principles can be summarized as follows: the principle of compensation for loss, the principle of insurable interest, the principle of proximate cause, the principle of maximum good faith and the principle of subrogation.

Principle of Compensation for LossesThe principle of compensation for losses means that the insurer shall fully compensate the insured for the actual losses suffered by the insured after the occurrence of the insured event as stipulated in the insurance contract. Its specific contents are:

1) The amount of insurance compensation shall be fair and reasonable, fully compensated, and agreed upon through consultation. The so-called fairness, reasonableness and adequate compensation means that the specific amount of compensation paid by the insurer after the occurrence of the insured event should be beneficial to the interests of both the insurer and the insured. On the one hand, it is necessary to fully compensate the actual losses of the insured to achieve the purpose of insurance protection.

On the other hand, the amount of compensation cannot exceed the actual loss, so that the insured can obtain additional income and damage the legitimate rights and interests of the insurer. As for consensus, it means that the insured amount of the marine insurance contract shall be the maximum amount of insurance compensation, which shall be determined by the insurer and the insured through negotiation according to the actual value of the insurance object. The method of calculating the amount of compensation is also applicable only if the parties agree on it.

2) The insured amount is the basis for calculating the amount of compensation, and excess value insurance is generally not allowed.

3) Prevent the occurrence of moral hazard. The marine insurance contract is an insurance protection measure for the insured, not a means of profit, so it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of moral hazard.

4) The insurer's liability shall be limited by law and the marine insurance contract.

Answer]: A The insurance period of sea cargo follows the warehouse-to-warehouse clause, that is, the insurer's insurance liability for the insured goods takes effect from the time the goods are transported out of the consignor's warehouse or storage place specified in the insurance policy, and until the goods are transported to the final warehouse or storage place of the consignee at the port (place) of destination specified in the insurance policy.