What plants and minerals are on the seabed, and what mineral resources are on the seabed

There are many seaweed plants on the seabed, and marine plants are divided into two main groups: lower algae plants and higher seed plants.

Marine plants are dominated by algae, such as hair cabbage, seaweed, kelp, cauliflower, staghorn, etc.

There are not many species of marine seed plants, and all of them belong to angiosperms.

Deep-sea mineral resources usually refer to seabed manganese nodules, seabed hydrothermal ores (also known as polymetallic soft sludge) and seabed oil. Manganese nodules are a mineral resource distributed on the ocean floor at a depth of 4,000 to 6,000 meters, containing 76 elements such as nickel, copper, cobalt and manganese. It is estimated that the total reserves of manganese nodules in the world's oceans can reach 3 trillion tons, with trillions of tons in the Pacific Ocean alone.

If calculated according to the current mining demand, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc. can be used for tens of thousands of years of human mining needs, which shows that the reserves of manganese nodules in the ocean are huge. Seafloor hydrothermal deposits are mostly found in volcanic mid-ocean ridge rifts, volcanic island arcs, or fault zones and tectonic lines related to volcanic activity. The discovery of seafloor hydrothermal deposits is not very long, only twenty or thirty years old, but from the very beginning it attracted the attention of scientists.

This is due to the fact that seafloor hydrothermal deposits have considerable reserves and the potential value of the metals they contain (hydrothermal deposits contain copper, iron, zinc, cobalt, erbium, sulfur and many other minerals). Offshore oil and gas development is only a little over a hundred years old, and its reserves and exploitation prospects are also very attractive. One of the problems of re-understanding seabed mineral deposits in order to exploit seabed mineral resources is how to understand the causes of the formation of seabed mineral deposits.

There are many plants on the bottom of the sea, generally lower plants, mainly algae. There are also many minerals, such as placers, shells, and sea salt in the shallow sea, and manganese nodules, cobalt crusts, hydrothermal sulfides, and combustible ice (natural gas hydrates) in the deep sea. And, of course, oil and gas.

Seabed mineral resources include: placer ores, seabed autogenous minerals, and minerals in seabed consolidated rocks.

1. Placer mine. Mainly on land, rock and mineral detritus, transported and sorted by rivers, seawater (including currents and tides), glaciers and winds, and finally deposited and enriched in the most suitable areas of coastal or shelf areas. Such as placer gold, placer platinum, diamond, placer tin and placer, and ilmenite and zircon, rutile and monazite and other symbiotic composite placers.

2. Submarine self-generated minerals.

Natural minerals produced in the ocean by chemical, biological, and hydrothermal processes can be formed directly or after enrichment. Such as apatite, glauconite, barite, seabed manganese nodules and seabed polymetallic hydrothermal deposits (mainly zinc and copper).

3. Minerals in seabed consolidated rocks.

Most of them belong to the extension of onshore deposits to the sea, such as submarine oil and gas resources, sulfur ore and coal. Among the marine mineral resources, seabed oil and gas resources, seabed manganese nodules and coastal composite placers are of greatest economic significance.

The plants in the sea are: cyanobacteria, red algae, green algae, spirulina, brown algae, coral, kelp, etc. The animals of the sea are:

Sponges, sharks, jellyfish, seahorses, tuna, squid, octopus, turtles, oysters, whales, abalone, hairtail, white minnows, minnows, redfin fish, tenchfish, sunfish, dolphins, sea lions, crabs, sea snakes, etc.

Blue-green algae, also known as blue-green algae, is a class of large single-celled prokaryotes with a long evolutionary history, negative Gram stain, flagella, chlorophyll a, but no chloroplasts (algae different from eukaryotes), and oxygen-producing photosynthesis.

Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals, which have lived in the ocean 600 million years ago and have developed to more than 10,000 species, accounting for 1 15 of the marine animal species, and are a huge "family". Except for about 20 species of spongilla, which are freshwater, they are all distributed in the intertidal zone of the sea and the ocean to a depth of 8,500 meters (more than 28,000 feet), and live a sedile life.

Sharks are fish in the ocean. Sharks have been on Earth since 300 million years before the appearance of dinosaurs, and they have been around for more than 500 million years, and they have barely changed their chain for nearly 100 million years. Sharks, known as sharks, sharks, and sand fish in ancient times, are behemoths in the ocean, so they are called "wolves in the sea".

There are plants on the seabed, but it seems that only seagrasses belong to a type of angiosperm. Mangroves are also considered plants in the sea, but not seabed plants.

The seabed plants in our impression, such as kelp, cauliflower, seaweed, etc., belong to algae, and seabed lichens belong to fungi.