What was the war against Jinchuan during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty?

Cause: At the beginning of Qianlong, Dajinchuan Tusi Sha Luoben seized the seal letter of Xiaojinchuan Zewang"intends to annex Tibet", and attacked Ming Zheng Tusi (now Kangding). In 1747, the Qing army of 30,000 people marched into two ways, but to no avail, Zhang Guangsi, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, was executed by the Qing court, and Yue Zhongqi was sent as the chief soldier to discuss immediately.

In 1749, Salopun surrendered, and the Daejinchuan Incident initially subsided.

Passage: After that, there were often conflicts between the big and small Jinchuan. By the 60s of the 18th century, the situation in Jinchuan was tense again, which once again attracted the attention of the Qing Dynasty.

In 1766, the Qing court sent the governor of Sichuan, Altai, to unite with 9 Tusi to attack Dajinchuan, but the Xiaojinchuan Tusi monk Gesang (Zewangzi) joined forces with Dajinchuan Tusi Sonomu (Sha Luoben's nephew) to oppose the Qing. In 1771, after the defeat of the Qing army, the Qing court dismissed Altai and sent Wen Fu to Sichuan to supervise the army and march to Jinchuan, and the second battle of Jinchuan began. In 1773, Wen Fu died in battle, and the Qing court sent A Gui as a general to increase the troops in Jinchuan.

Result: After many bloody battles and many casualties, the Qing army finally won in early 1776. The Second Battle of Jinchuan, which lasted five years, killed and wounded more than 10,000 people, and cost 70 million taels of silver, came to an end. After the war, the Qing Dynasty divided the two Zhili halls of Algu and Meinuo in Jinchuan.

Evaluation: The two pacification of Jinchuan is one of the top ten martial arts of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. Compared with Qianlong's other nine martial arts, Jinchuan, which is located in a corner of western Sichuan, has only a small land and a population of tens of thousands, but the Qing Dynasty has invested nearly 600,000 manpower and 70 million coins, which is far more expensive than any of Qianlong's other martial arts.

I know the causes of the war, the leaders of the Qing army who pacified the war, etc. In order to compete for land and population, and to despise the imperial court, the Zhan Tusi led to the outbreak of the Battle of Jinchuan; In the end, it was Yue Zhongqi who pacified Dajinchuan, and it was Ah Gui who pacified Xiaojinchuan.

It affected the development of the Qing Dynasty, affected the politics of the Qing Dynasty, affected the society of the Qing Dynasty, and also brought a relatively large panic to the Qing Dynasty, and also affected the economic chain and agriculture of the Qing Dynasty, as well as the military development. Shed holes.

The Jinchuan area is located in the Dadu River basin in Sichuan.

In the twelfth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1747), Dajinchuan pacified Si Shaluo Ben and sent troops to attack the Xiaojinchuan area, and Ji Shan, the governor of Sichuan, sent troops to suppress it, but was defeated. Zhang Guangsi, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, and the university scholar Neqin then supervised the army to attack, but they were tired for half a year, and their work was fruitless. In the following year, Gaozong ordered Fu Huan to enter Jinchuan for the strategic commander, and sent Yue Zhongqi to the old camp of Dajinchuan Lewuwei to say that he would surrender to Sha Luoben, and the matter was decided.

In the thirty-sixth year, the nephew of the Great Jinchuan Tusi Sha Luoben, Sonomu, and the little Jinchuan monk Gesang rebelled. The Altai soldiers, the governor of Sichuan, blocked the arrow furnace and did not enter, and gave him death. University scholar Wenfu and Shangshu Guilin supervised the discussion, and even captured the pass, and entered the small Jinchuan in the following year, rotating to attack the big Jinchuan.

In the thirty-eighth year, Xiaojinchuan surrendered to the people and rebelled, and stormed the Muguomu camp of the Qing army, Wenfu was killed in battle, and the whole division was defeated. Xun Qing court ordered A Gui to be the general of Dingxi, mobilized elite soldiers to conquer Xiaojinchuan first, and then fought for each other, which lasted a year, and began to approach the Lewu Siege of Dajinchuan. Sonomu killed the monk Gesang and begged to surrender, but he was not allowed.

On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival in the 40th year, the Qing army broke through the village for a long time, and Sonomu fled to the Scratching Cliff, and surrendered the following year, and the rebellion of Jinchuan was pacified.

Jinchuan County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province!

When Qianlong attacked Jinchuan, it was so difficult because the army's combat effectiveness was too weak. Reason: Because of the benefits of terrain insurance in this place, it is also the plateau area, and the duel in this place is not who has a large number of troops and who has stronger troops, but who knows more about the environment here, and who is more likely to integrate into the plateau area, high hardship, and high temperature difference environment.

The people who have been living here for a long time are all Huns, and they themselves are the Chinese nation, and they are particularly adaptable to the living environment of this sedan chair. Today, the little friends who go to Jinchuan to play can also see that the houses over there contain a lot of watchtowers, which were all built to resist foreign enemies at that time, and the building is firm and abnormal, and can store a lot of ingredients, and can carry out long-term long-term Zhou Xuan with the Qing army.

It is precisely because of this innate environmental advantage that the Qing army has fallen into the enemy camp in the attack on Jinchuan, and has been unsuccessful repeatedly. In order to resist the invasion of the Qing army, Dajinchuan increased its fortifications and set up dangers, and was prepared, and its defensive ability was more rigorous than that of Xiaojinchuan, and it persevered in the struggle for nearly 2 years, and finally failed due to its weak strength. It was implemented in the Ming and Qing dynasties"Change the land and return it to the stream"The current policy has achieved great results in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, but it is difficult to implement in some ethnic minority areas in Sichuan, and the Tusi system is still implemented, inheriting the Tumu Lusi and still forcing the people to serve on active duty for free, and even announcing the armed forces to mutiny, the Qing Dynasty adopted the Yunnan-Guizhou Governor Ortai to discuss, and the soil improvement officials were the flow officials, abandoning the Tusi system and creating the state and county system.

Although the Qing Dynasty paid a heavy cost to the Qing Dynasty in this long-term and majestic battle, it was fully effective in maintaining the unity of the country and ensuring the stability of the border ethnic minorities. The war added damage to the local area, but after the war, Qianlong implemented a systematic software countermeasure for this area, which also made the political culture, economic development, culture and art of this place have a good progressive effect.

When Qianlong attacked the hall and greatly changed Xiaojinchuan, it was so difficult because the army's combat effectiveness was too weak. Reason: Because of the benefits of pretending to be burning for the terrain insurance of this place, it is also the plateau area, and the duel in this place is not who has a large number of troops and who has stronger troops, but who knows more about the environment here, and who is easier to integrate into the plateau area, high hardship, and high temperature difference environment.

The people who have been living here for a long time are all Xiongnu people, and they themselves are the Chinese nation, and they are particularly adaptable to the living environment here.

1 This place has a dangerous terrain and is a plateau, and it is not who has more troops and whose troops are stronger than Qi Tangerine in this place, but who is more familiar with the environment here, and who can better adapt to the high altitude, high ruggedness, and high temperature environment.

2. The people who live here all the year round are nomadic people, and they themselves are a horse people, and they have a very strong ability to adapt to the living environment of Jingbianyin here.

3 Friends who go to Jinchuan today can also see that there are a lot of watchtowers in the dwellings there, these watchtowers were built to resist foreign enemies at that time, the buildings are strong and abnormal, and can store a lot of food, and can carry out long-term and long-lasting relations with the Qing army.

On the one hand, it is because the combat power is too weak, and on the other hand, because the opponent is too strong and good at using intrigue and tricks.