What is the historical development of the Old Summer Palace? What is the history of the Old Summer P

The Old Summer Palace is located in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, in the east of Haiding District.

On February 24th, the Management Office of the Old Summer Palace held a press conference on the top floor of Zhengjue Temple in Beijing, and 365 precious old ** photos were released on the spot, giving us the opportunity to see the historical changes of the appearance of the Old Summer Palace in more than 100 years.

Anyou Gong Huabiao (1882) [French] Photo by Xie Manlu.

The Great Water Law (1922) [Sweden] Photo by Hirenlong.

Haiyan Hall (1887) Photo by Child.

Lianxi Le Zhu Shen Xiu Siyong Hall (1882) [Law] Photo by Xie Manlu.

Shun Mutian (1882) [French] Photo by Xie Manlu.

Fish Leaping Kite Flying (1882) [French] Photo by Xie Manlu.

Kuoran Dagonggui Yueqiao (1879) [Hong Kong, China] Photo by Lai Ah Fong.

The Old Summer Palace was burned down by British and French forces in 1860. Since then, the Old Summer Palace has gradually become a ruin and lost its former glory. In the past 160 years, the Old Summer Palace has undergone changes from the garden of ten thousand gardens to ruins to ruins, from royal gardens to villages inhabited by ordinary people to the first batch of national archaeological site parks.

Before these changes, there were not many written records of the Old Summer Palace. However, in the 100 years after the fall of the Old Summer Palace, many photographers brought the most advanced photographic equipment at the time to photograph the site, including Hong Kong photographer Lai Ah Fong, German photographer Olmo, Frenchman Xie Manlu, and Swedish Xi Renlong, these early images have also become historical witnesses to the vicissitudes of the Old Summer Palace over the past century.

In the ** released this time, the wooden buildings of the Old Summer Palace taken by the Frenchman Xie Manlu around 1882 before they were completely destroyed**, including the Yuanmingyuan Shunmutian, Beiyuan Mountain Village, Yuyue Kitefly, Sheacropolis, Lianxi Pleasure Place, Huifang Academy (Broken Bridge and Remnant Snow Stone Bridge), Hongci Yonghu, Kuixing Tower, Changchun Garden Palace Gate, Haiyue Placket, Fahui Temple Duobao Glazed Pagoda and other buildings. These old ** clearly show the situation before these buildings were completely destroyed, breaking the previous Chinese architecture of the Old Summer Palace only in the literature or paintings, allowing people to have a glimpse of the glorious style of the royal garden.

From its establishment to the present, the Old Summer Palace is generally divided into the period of the Imperial Garden and the period of the ruins: the period of the Imperial Palace has experienced seven emperors from the garden to the imperial garden, and has also undergone seven large-scale construction and repair, and the scale of its garden and mountain style have also changed.

During the period of the Republic of China, in 1922, the Beiyang warlord Gongji Prefecture forcibly took away 623 cars of Taihu Lake Stone and 104 cars of Yunpian Stone from Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden. From the founding of the People's Republic of China to the present is the site of the Old Summer Palace, the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Old Summer Palace mountain body was broken, after 1988 and 2008 two major restoration work, most of the earth mountain has been restored, but the stone mountain is seriously damaged. Since the construction of the Old Summer Palace was completed before 1860, and then the scattered excavation gradually declined, this paper focuses on the historical changes and characteristics of the Old Summer Palace mountain during the imperial garden period.

The Old Summer Palace was originally a garden of the Ming Dynasty. Originally, it was the Kangxi Emperor who gave the fourth son of the emperor, Yinzhen, that is, the garden of Yongzheng. The Old Summer Palace was named by the Kangxi Emperor. The Old Summer Palace is located in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, with an area of more than 5,200 acres and more than 150 scenes.

With a construction area of 160,000 square meters, it is composed of the Old Summer Palace, Changchun Garden and Wanchun Garden, and is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". After more than 150 years of continuous addition, repair and expansion of Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng dynasties.

From an architectural point of view, it doesn't have much value. First of all, it is the part of the Chinese architecture, the so-called palace pavilions, pavilions, monuments, bridges, corridors and water pavilions are all Qing Dynasty style, compared with ancient China such as the Tang and Song dynasties, it is already a big regression. The art style of the Qing Dynasty was popular with trivial carvings and fancy decorations.

The architecture of the Qing Dynasty and the clothing of the Qing Dynasty constitute a bizarre pattern, which is a retrogression of aesthetic consciousness. There are also a small number of European-style buildings in the Old Summer Palace, accounting for about 2% of the total buildings, all of which belong to the Rococo style, which only represents a decadent school in Western classical architecture, and its artistic value is very low.