How to effectively prevent desertification, land desertification prevention and control measures

The measures to prevent and control land desertification mainly include: 1. Rational allocation and utilization of water resources to develop water-saving agriculture. 2. Adjust the land use structure, rationally graze and actively build a forest network to protect the field. 3. Expand the vegetation coverage, set up sand barriers and build a protective system for sand fixation.

First of all, there is a clear remediation goal. That is, to implement national environmental and resource laws and regulations, and establish a prevention and control system that not only prevents desertification, but also promotes sustainable economic development. Seek the coordination of ecological, economic and social benefits.

Secondly, measures should be taken according to local conditions according to the nature of different natural conditions and various external forces. The main cause of desertification is the destruction of the natural environment by human beings. The prevention and control of land desertification is mainly carried out from the aspects of human activities including the use of water resources, the relationship between agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery, etc., and the capacity of the population per unit of land.

The desert invasion is mainly due to the destruction of vegetation and the irrational use of water resources, so the treatment measures mainly start from the rational use of water and the restoration of vegetation in the Hui Mountain.

Here are some ways to combat desertification:

solve the energy problem in agricultural and pastoral areas, control population growth, and increase the income of farmers and herdsmen; rational use of water resources, reduce the number of wells, and avoid a large and disorderly increase in livestock; adjusting the relationship between agricultural, forestry and pastoral land; rational distribution and utilization of water resources, improvement of cultivated land and irrigation technology, and promotion of water-saving agriculture in Wangzhong; adjust the land use structure, rationalize grazing and actively build a forest network to protect the field; Expand the vegetation coverage, set up sand barriers, and build a protection system for sand fixation.

Land desertification is mainly caused by the destruction of vegetation and the irrational use of water resources, so the treatment measures mainly start from the rational use of water and the restoration of vegetation.

Here are some ways to combat desertification:

solve the energy problem in agricultural and pastoral areas, control population growth, and increase the income of farmers and herdsmen; rational use of water resources, reduce the number of wells, and avoid a large and disorderly increase in livestock; adjusting the relationship between agricultural, forestry and pastoral land; rational distribution and utilization of water resources, improvement of arable land and irrigation technology, and promotion of water-saving agriculture; adjust the land use structure, rationalize grazing and actively build a forest network to protect the field; Expand the vegetation coverage, set up sand barriers, and build a protection system for sand fixation.

The root cause of the formation and expansion of desertification is the anthropogenic destruction of desert ecosystems (including deserts, Gobi systems, grassland systems, forest systems and wetland systems in arid and semi-arid areas), and the result of the inherent stability and balance imbalance within the system caused by the intensive development and utilization of water resources, biological resources and land resources in the system. In the past, we planted trees and grasses to prevent desertification through biological and engineering measures, while destroying desert ecosystems and creating new desertified land with the other. In fact, it is precisely because of the destruction of desert ecosystems that although we have built the "Three Norths" shelterbelt and implemented the desertification prevention and control project, we have still not been able to curb the pace of desertification expansion as a whole.

It can be said that in the past half century, the real reason for the frequent sandstorms is not that there is too little artificial vegetation, but that the natural vegetation has been destroyed too much. The partial improvement of the small environment cannot offset the overall inversion of the large environment.

It is necessary to adjust the strategy of desertification prevention and control, from one-sided emphasis on the development of artificial vegetation to actively develop artificial natural tree, shrub and grass composite vegetation. From simply protecting oases to actively protecting entire desert ecosystems, including oases. Only by reconstructing the desert ecosystem can we fundamentally curb the momentum of desertification and expansion, reverse the passive situation in the work of desertification prevention and control and soil erosion control, and effectively improve the overall ecology and environment of northwest China.

1. The main prevention and control measures in semi-arid areas are:

We should readjust the structure of land use that is not conducive to the virtuous cycle of the ecological environment, and rationally arrange the proportion of agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry.

Desertified abandoned farmland and degraded grassland are enclosed and vegetation restored.

Zonal rotation or rotation is adopted to limit the number of animals carried.

The sand fixation method is mainly based on plant sand fixation, supplemented by engineering measures.

2. The main prevention and control measures in arid areas are:

Inland river basins should be used as ecological units for comprehensive planning, and the proportion of water use in the upstream, middle and lower reaches should be reasonably allocated.

With the oasis as the center, a shelterbelt combining the sand sealing and grass breeding belt on the periphery of the oasis, the sand control forest belt combining trees and shrubs at the edge of the oasis, the narrow forest belt inside the oasis, and the small grid of field protection forest network were established.

For the mobile sand dunes at the edge of the oasis, a protection system combining sand barriers on the surface of the dunes and planting sand-fixing plants in the barriers was adopted.

On the basis of preventing and controlling sand damage, measures to improve the soil should be taken.

Governance measures

Protect the existing vegetation and strengthen the construction of forests and grasslands. While strengthening governance, we should effectively solve the problems of population, livestock, and stoves, and strictly protect the forest and grass vegetation in sandy areas. Through afforestation and the rational allocation of trees, shrubs and grasses, we should build a multi-species, multi-species, and multi-level three-dimensional protection system to expand the proportion of forests and grasses.

While doing a good job in artificial governance, we should give full play to the self-repair function of the ecosystem, increase the intensity of prohibition and protection, and promote the natural restoration of the ecology. Because of the characteristics of fast speed, less labor, low cost and good effect, aerial seeding is of greater significance to the restoration of vegetation in vast and sparsely populated, inconvenient transportation, remote barren sand and barren mountain areas.

Carry out a lasting ecological revolution in desertified areas to accelerate the reversal of the desertification process. The key is to rationally allocate water resources and ensure ecological water use. For example, the irrational water resources allocation system is the direct cause of the shortening of rivers, the shrinkage or even drying up of lakes, the decline of groundwater level, and the desertification of land in northwest China.

We should strictly implement the family planning policy, control the excessive growth of the population, and continuously improve the quality of the population. Through carrying out publicity and education on environmental awareness, the ideological level of the whole nation will be raised. Care for and care for the environment, consciously participate in the transformation and construction of the environment, and form the fashion of the whole society.

At the same time, the state should systematically carry out ecological migration in areas where local desertification is very serious, grasslands and cultivated land are almost completely abandoned, and the harsh natural environment is no longer suitable for human survival.

Reverse the backward situation of relying on the sky to raise livestock, and reduce the damage to pastures. It is necessary to implement the grassland contract responsibility system, stipulate a reasonable number of livestock, vigorously promote fencing and rotational grazing, vigorously develop artificial grassland or artificially improved grassland, and raise livestock. Speed up the cultivation of excellent livestock breeds and optimize the structure of livestock breeds.

We should speed up the readjustment of the industrial structure, rationally allocate the proportions of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and sideline industries in accordance with market requirements, actively develop the breeding and processing industries, divert the surplus labor force in the rural areas, and reduce the pressure on the land of the population. It can also make use of the desertification area contains a variety of unique resources, such as light and heat, natural landscape, culture and folk customs, surplus labor and other resource advantages to develop tourism, exploration, scientific research industry, etc.

Optimize the energy structure of agricultural and pastoral areas, and vigorously advocate and encourage the people to use unconventional energy sources, such as wind energy, solar energy, biogas and other energy sources, so as to reduce the damage to forests, grasslands and other resources.

While doing a good job in international implementation, we should strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in combating desertification, and strive for funds and foreign aid.

Preventing desertification is everyone's responsibility.

Desertification is mainly caused by water scarcity. There are two reasons for the serious desertification in the Minqin area, one is natural factors and the other is human factors, of which human factors are the main cause.

From the perspective of natural factors, the Minqin Basin is located in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River, and the vulnerability of its ecological environment is in the geological historical period, which has long been formed with the changes of land-sea structure, latitudinal zonality and geomorphological pattern. Moreover, since the 70s of the 20th century, the climate in northern China has been in a more arid period, which has exacerbated the trend of desertification in the Minqin Basin.

From the perspective of human factors, first, the increase in population has created pressure towards desertification.

In 1953, there were only 110,000 people in Minqin County, but now it has increased to more than 300,000, almost tripling. Most of these increases are agricultural, which objectively increases the demand for water and arable land.

Second, water resources are not used properly. For example, the excessive water use in the upper and middle reaches has caused a significant reduction in the amount of water brought by the downstream Minqin.

In the 50s of the 20th century, the Shiyang River supplied more than 500 million cubic meters of water to Minqin County every year, but now it is less than 100 million cubic meters per year.

It would be more accurate to say "World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought".

In December 1994, the 49th session of the United Nations General Assembly, in accordance with the recommendations of the Second Committee (Economy and Finance) of the United Nations General Assembly, decided to designate June 17 as the "World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought" from 1995 onwards, with the aim of further raising the awareness of the people of the world on the importance of combating desertification and arousing people's sense of responsibility and urgency in combating desertification.

Desertification refers to the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas caused by factors such as climate anomalies and human activities. The thinnest layer of material on the Earth's land surface is the soil layer, which is essential for the survival of humans, terrestrial animals and plants. Without the soil layer, it would be impossible for any vegetation, trees, grains, animals and humans to survive on the earth.

Desertification is the deterioration of soil quality, the decline or even disappearance of organic matter, resulting in desertification or compaction of the surface and becoming barren land. Desertification not only causes poverty, but also forces people to leave their homeland, causing serious and terrible waves of migration.

Desertification and climate change are closely related to human activities. Rapid population growth and increasing poverty have led to increasing over-cultivation, grazing and deforestation, which have accelerated the rate of land desertification. According to the latest statistics from the United Nations, nearly one-half of the world's land surface, more than 110 countries and more than 1 billion people are currently affected by desertification.

Africa and Asia are the regions with the most severe soil desertification. In Africa, 46 percent of the land and 100 million people are threatened by desertification. More than half of Asia's arid regions are already affected by desertification, with Central Asia being particularly affected.

Land desertification costs the global economy about $42 billion a year.

China is one of the countries with serious desertification in the world, and the desertified land area in the country is about 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for more than the total area of cultivated land in the country. Although great achievements have been made in the prevention and control of land desertification in China in recent years, and the ecological environment in some areas has been fundamentally improved, land greening has not been able to catch up with desertification, and the trend of "local improvement and overall expansion" has not been fundamentally changed, and the annual expansion rate of desertification has expanded from 2,460 square kilometers before 1994 to 3,436 square kilometers at present. The country's 4 billion acres of natural grassland have also been degraded and desertified to varying degrees.