What is the main source of energy that drives the geological cycle?

"Geothermal" is the abbreviation of geothermal resources, which often refers to the thermal resources in the earth's interior that can be economically used by humans. The Earth's interior contains a huge amount of heat generated by the decay of radioactive materials, which some people call the "Great Heat Reservoir", which is emitted into the atmosphere through the earth's surface all the time. It is estimated that the heat of the Earth's interior emits more heat into the atmosphere each year, much more than the total amount of heat released by volcanic and ** activities.

Although this amount is large, it is scattered and can be used in a limited area. Only geothermal energy that is relatively rich in the earth's internal heat, such as areas with strong volcanic activity and tectonic activity, and reaches the level of human exploitation and utilization, constitutes a usable geothermal resource. Geothermal resources in a broad sense include:

All products of geothermal processes, mainly natural steam, hot water and hot brine; secondary steam and other gases, hot water, hot brine, etc., produced by artificially introducing water, gas or other fluids into geothermal storage; By-products (minerals of relatively high value) brought out by the above products. At present, there are five types of geothermal resources that can be identified: steam-based geothermal resources; geothermal resources dominated by liquid water; geothermal resources; Geothermal resources of hot dry rock mass and magmatic geothermal resources.

The first two are called "hydrothermal" geothermal resources, which are the focus of geothermal development at home and abroad. The latter two are collectively referred to as "dry heat" geothermal resources, and their development and utilization are not yet widespread. As a component of energy minerals, "geothermal" is directly used in all aspects of human production and life, and has long been recognized. China's planned investment in the exploration and development of geothermal resources has been a matter since the 70s of the 20th century.

At present, most provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in the country have invested in the exploration and development of geothermal resources, which are mainly used for power generation, heating, medical treatment, bathing, aquaculture, agricultural greenhouse cultivation, irrigation, etc., and the application range is wide. As an energy mineral, although geothermal energy accounts for a small proportion of China's energy composition, because it is based on "water" as the carrier, the development of geothermal energy is achieved through the development of geothermal water (or geothermal fluid), which can not only use its energy, but also use its water volume, and has an irreplaceable role of other energy minerals, and its development and utilization has increasingly attracted people's general attention. As for the decay of radioactive materials, it is caused by the decay and heat release of radioactive elements in the earth's interior, causing geological movements such as geothermal, volcanic and **, and the production of these radioactive elements in nature is the result of supernova ** and will not be regenerated.

Thermal motion in the Earth's interior.

There are two aspects of the energy of geological processes**, one is that the energy from outside the earth is called external energy; The second is that the energy that comes from the interior of the earth is called internal energy.

a) Internal energy. Internal energy is the energy of the earth itself, mainly the rotation of the earth.

The rotational energy generated, the gravitational energy formed by gravity, the heat energy generated by the metamorphosis of radioactive elements, in addition to crystallization energy and chemical energy.

1.Rotational energy.

The rotation of the Earth exerts a centrifugal force on the material on the Earth's surface.

And away from the extreme. The magnitude of the centrifugal force varies with latitude, with zero at the poles and maximum at the equator, resulting in the migration of high-latitude materials near the equator.

2.Gravitational energy.

Gravitational energy is a type of potential energy that is the gravitational force produced by the earth's substance.

and the resultant force of the rotating centrifugal force, which together constitute the gravitational field of the earth. All objects on the Earth's surface and matter within the earth are under the action of the gravitational field.

3.Thermal energy (radiant energy).

Thermal energy is produced by the transformation of radioactive elements in the earth's interior, which is the main source of the earth's thermal energy and an important energy source that causes changes in the earth. In addition, the mechanical energy produced by tectonic motion.

Chemical energy, as well as the earth's rotation energy and gravitational energy, can all be converted into heat energy.

4.Crystallization energy and chemical energy.

The crystalline phase transformation of substances in the lithosphere can produce crystallization energy and chemical energy, in addition, the mantle.

Crystallization energy and chemical energy can also be produced by chemical composition and crystalline phase transitions with the earth's crust, upper mantle and lower mantle.

2) External energy. External energy is the energy that comes from outside the earth, mainly including solar radiation energy, gravitational energy of the sun and moon, and biological energy.

Wait. 1.Solar radiation energy.

Solar radiation energy is the most important energy source on the Earth's surface, which is the atmosphere.

The hydrosphere and the biosphere are the main energy sources for survival, development and mutual exchange of matter and energy, and thus generate a series of geological forces, such as wind, flowing water, glaciers, waves, etc.

2.The gravitational energy of the sun and moon (tidal energy).

Under the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon, the seawater produces a tidal gravitational force. Due to the rotation of the earth and the relative positions of the sun and moon and the earth, the gravitational force of various places also changes periodically, resulting in tidal phenomena.

Tides have strong mechanical energy and are one of the most important geological forces.

3.Bioenergy.

Bioenergy is the energy produced by the activities of life. The growth of plants and the activities of animals and humans will change the material and appearance of the earth. But at the end of the day, any living thing is derived from solar radiation.

The geological cycle is also called "the geological cycle of matter" and "the geological leaching process of matter". Refers to the process of cyclic changes of mineral nutrients between continents and oceans. The rocks and minerals on the surface of the earth's crust will gradually break into detrital soil particles and minerals dissolved in water under the action of physical, chemical and biological weathering, and some of these clastic soil particles and minerals will be washed and leached by rainwater, and eventually carried by the water flow to lakes and oceans, where they will be deposited to form various sedimentary rocks.

Over a long period of time, as a result of the movement of the earth's crust, the seafloor rises to land, and the sedimentary rocks are again weathered into clastic soil and re-release the mineral nutrients they contain. This kind of cyclical process of rock weathering-leaching-sedimentation-diagenesis-weathering is called the "geological cycle". Geological setting.

The geological setting mainly refers to the condition of the hard crust beneath the earth's surface, known as the lithosphere. The geological environment is a product of the evolution of the earth. The weathering process of rocks under the action of solar energy liberates the consolidated material and participates in the geographical environment, the geological cycle and even the interstellar material cycle.

The geological environment provides us with a large number of production materials and rich mineral resources. At present, human beings extract a large amount of ore from the earth's crust every year, extract a large number of metallic and non-metallic raw materials from it, and also obtain a large amount of energy from coal, oil, natural gas, groundwater, geothermal and radioactive materials. With the continuous improvement of the level of science and technology, the impact of human beings on the geological environment is also greater, some large-scale projects directly change the appearance of the geological environment, but also some natural disasters (such as landslides, landslides, debris flows, floods, etc.) causing factors, which is worthy of great attention.

The following is () aInternal heat is suspicious of calendar energy.

b.Gravitational energy.

c.The earth can rotate energy.

d.Crystallization energy.

Correct Answer: Internal Thermal Energy; Gravitational energy. The earth can rotate energy. Crystallization energy.

1) A large amount of energy released by the decay of radioactive elements in the interior of the earth or the earth itself, that is, the decay of radioactive elements in the interior of the earth.

2) Such as: East African Rift Valley.

Constantly widening, the Taiwan Strait.

Several degrees of rise and fall can prove that the earth's crust is constantly moving.

The main energy** of the surface environment is ().

a.Solar radiation, geothermal energy, and kinetic energy of the Earth's rotation.

b.Solar radiation, geothermal energy and inverse radiation of the Great Filial Piety Key.

c.Solar radiation, kinetic energy of the Earth's rotation, and atmospheric inverse radiation.

d.Solar radiation, Earth's autobiographical kinetic energy, and bioenergy.

Correct Answer: a

The geological cycle refers to the weathering of crystalline rock minerals under the action of external forces into fine and soluble substances, which are transported by flowing water and migrated to the ocean, and become sedimentary rocks after a long geological time.

The biological small cycle is due to the weathering of the parent material, for the plant growth to provide the possibility of plant growth on the parent material, plants absorb mineral nutrients, water and other living substances and conditions, to build their own organisms, so that part of the soluble nutrients are preserved, when the plant dies, through the decomposition of microorganisms, the nutrients in the organic residue become inorganic substances, and part of it is reused. The process of utilizing, and accumulating nutrients through repeated absorption by plants is called the biological microcycle.

Biological Circulation:

Elements in the environment are absorbed by living organisms, are used at multiple levels in the ecosystem, and then go through the action of decomposers, and then absorb and utilize them for producers.

Geological Cycle:

Substances or elements are absorbed by living organisms and enter the biological organism from the environment, and the biological organism then returns the substance or element to the environment in the form of dead bodies, residues or excrements, and enters the five natural circles of the atmosphere, water, rocks, soil and the biological cycle.

Endogenous dynamic geological action is the energy and shape of the earth's interior, and Peidan mainly includes ().

a.The rotational energy of the Earth's rotation.

b.Gravitational energy.

c.Thermal energy. d.The sun is equipped with a canopy to disturb energy.

Correct answer: ABC