What did the wolves refer to in the German army s wolf pack tactics in World War II?

Britain and the United States have strengthened the improvement of merchant ship escort systems, radar, code deciphering and other technologies.

During the Second World War, the success of the Allied submarine hunting groups relied on two types of strategic intelligence:

The first is to intercept the radio communications of German submarines and locate them by high-frequency direction finding (HF DF);

The second is to decipher the code of the German submarine forces. Current strategic intelligence on enemy submarine activities also relies in part on interception of communications.

Secondly, it was Britain and the United States that had air and sea supremacy, so German submarines could not get the protection of surface ships, so they suffered heavy losses.

In the wolf pack tactics, the German submarine used the dark night to surface the water to attack the Allied ships, when the sonar of the escort ** can only deal with underwater targets, has no effect on surface targets, sailors can not see the small submarine control tower in the dark night, if you turn on the searchlight to search the water surface, you will only expose yourself, therefore, the wolf pack tactics can make waves, with the use of airborne radar, the radar can find the command tower of the German submarine that meets and sails, and the German submarine has nowhere to hide. Dönitz ordered the development of radar receiving devices to be installed on submarines and early radar search to the Allied forces, evasion in advance, and the construction of submarines using snorkels, so that submarines no longer surfaced and only exposed snorkels, but due to the overall strength of Germany, the number of new submarines in service was too small, and since then it has fallen into passivity.

Submarines can't defeat the combined fleet, especially in the case of aircraft carrier formations, the role of submarines is to destroy sea supremacy, not to seize sea supremacy, without aircraft carriers it is impossible to seize sea supremacy by relying on only a few submarines, at most to contain the Allied forces, the entire German Navy did not provide any fire support for his army and air force in World War II, and there was no joint operation. The second is the development of Allied science and technology, mainly the increase in the range of sea search radar, sonar, and anti-submarine patrol aircraft, as well as the development of anti-submarine **, which is a growing threat to German submarines. There is also a submarine Ingmar decoder was surrendered by the Allies, Hitler believed in this code too much, so the ,,,U-boat was quite outdated in the late World War II, mainly because of the noise, at that time the German submarine was a great threat to Britain, Churchill also repeatedly threatened the United States if it did not aid it would have to surrender, in short, the German Navy was in a very embarrassing situation, worse than the Japanese Navy, because there was no development of aircraft carriers, and it could only be used to destroy the Allied shipping, Eventual annihilation was also predictable.

It cannot be said that Britain was defeated, Britain was crippled, after all, Germany was facing an army of more than half the world.

They are all military enthusiasts, can they stay QQ.

The German code was broken, the submarine technology was insufficient (mainly range, diving time, underwater speed), the quality of personnel in the later period declined, the area of activity was narrow, and the maneuverability was not high. The advent of sonar and depth charges. Allied anti-submarine strength strengthened.

1. The code was broken, resulting in a telegram being broken and losing the first hand, 2. The submarine had to cruise near the route for ventilation, and it was easy to be discovered by the Allied planes when it was cruising for ventilation 3. The Allied side had more complete escort measures, and the submarine had to attack at the risk of being discovered, and if it could not be completely annihilated, it could only be discovered and sunk.

4. Due to the rapid loss of submarines, the training of personnel is insufficient, and the quality of the submarine is reduced, and it is easier to sink and fill up, which leads to a vicious circle.

5. The number of submarines replenished is not as good as the number of sunken.

And so on for a whole range of reasons.

After the defeat of the First World War, Germany, which slowly embarked on the road of the first world, in Hitler's fanatical dream of world domination, when he dragged Europe into the quagmire of World War II, Germany's submarine war shocked the same scene as the First World War.

Silent, cruel and strong-willed, Dunritz fought in World War I, was captured in battle, returned home after the war and rejoined the German Navy, and served as a captain in the submarine detachment named after the famous submarine hero of World War I, Widingen. Dunritz had a wolf-like personality and was convinced that submarines would have to be assembled in groups in order to break the British escort system. After becoming the head of the detachment, he put into training the submarine "wolf pack tactics" that he had been planning for many years.

By the time the war broke out in September 1939, his "wolf pack tactics" had been perfected. After the outbreak of World War II, the submarine fleet he trained raged like a "pack of wolves" in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, almost ending the fate of the British Empire.

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill wrote in his post-war memoirs: "In the war, the only thing that really scared me was the threat of German submarines!" ”