All chemical equations for the acid base salt part of the second semester of junior high school

The following is a study of the reaction equation related to hydrochloric acid and alkali and its anti-brother relieving phenomenon.

The chemical equation of hydrochloric acid related to alkali:NaOH+HCl (or HNO3, H2SO4) ==NaCl+H2O Rental Dust Phenomenon: Acid-base neutralization reaction, the phenomenon is not obvious.

I hope that the above is a disadvantage in the face of the equation of hydrochloric acid and alkali reaction. Study, students can have a good grasp of the knowledge points about this reaction, and hope that students can achieve good results.

Note: Repeated parentheses; Basic conditions for metathesis reaction = the solubility of the product is less than that of the reactant.

Acid universality: Acid makes litmus red.

Acid + Active Metal = Salt + Hydrogen.

Acid + Metal Oxide = Salt + Water.

Acid + alkali = salt + water.

Acid + salt = new acid + new salt (meet the basic conditions of metathesis reaction) The general properties of the base: the base makes the litmus blue and the phenolphthalein red.

Alkali + non-metallic oxide = salt + water.

Acid + alkali = salt + water.

Alkali + salt = new alkali + new salt (meet the basic conditions of metathesis reaction) Nature of salt: salt + salt = new salt + new salt (meet the basic conditions of metathesis reaction) (alkali + salt = new alkali + new salt).

Acid + salt = new acid + new salt).

Acids (with sulfuric acid as an example).

1. In case of purple litmus test solution, it turns red, and the colorless phenolphthalein test solution does not change color.

2. Reaction with metal H2SO4 + Zn = = = ZnSO4 + H2O

3. Reaction with alkali H2SO4 + 2NaOH = == Na2SO4 + 2H2O

4. Reaction with metal oxides (alkaline oxides): CuO+H2SO4===CuSO4+H2O

5. Reaction with certain salts; H2SO4 + Na2CO3 ===H2O + Na2SO4 + CO2 (gas).

Base (use NaOH as an example).

1. In case of purple litmus test solution turns blue, colorless phenolphthalein test solution turns red.

2. Reaction with acid H2SO4 + 2NaOH = = = Na2SO4 + 2H2O

3. Reaction of non-metallic oxides (acid oxides) CO2+2NaOH===Na2CO3+H2O

4. Reaction with some salts 2NaOH + CuSO4 === CuSO4 (precipitation) + Na2SO4

Salt (using Na2CO3 as an example).

1. Reaction with certain acids; H2SO4 + Na2CO3 ===H2O + Na2SO4 + CO2 (gas).

2. Reaction with some alkalis Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3===CaCO3(precipitation)+2NaOH

3. Reaction with some salts Na2CO3 + CuSO4 === CuCO3 (precipitation) + Na2SO4

Good ......Remember the ......

1 Universality of acids.

1) The acid can make the purple litmus test solution red, so that the colorless phenolphthalein test solution does not change color.

2) Acids can react with active metals to form salts and hydrogen.

fe+h2so4=feso4+h2↑

3) Acids can react with certain metal oxides to form salts and water.

cuo+h2so4=cuso4+h2o

4) Acids can react with alkalis to form salts and water.

hcl+naoh=nacl+h2o

5) Acids can react with salts to form new acids and salts.

hcl+agno3=hno3+agcl↓

2 General properties of bases.

1) The alkali can make the purple litmus test solution turn blue and the colorless phenolphthalein test solution red.

2) Alkali can react with certain non-metallic oxides to form salts and water.

SO3 + BA(OH)2=BASO4 + H2O3) alkali can react with acid to form salt and water.

hcl+naoh=nacl+h2o

4) Alkali can react with certain salts to form new alkali and new salts.

Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=2NaOH+CaCO33 3 Salt Chemical Properties.

1) React with acids to generate new acids and salts.

hcl+agno3=hno3+agcl↓

2) React with the base to generate new bases and new salts.

Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=2NaOH+CaCO3 3) and another salt to form two new salts.

znso4+na2co3=znco3↓+na2so4

1. Sour. 1.It can make the purple litmus solution turn red, and the colorless phenolphthalein solution does not change color (it cannot be said: "The acid solution turns red when the purple litmus solution is detected, and the colorless phenolphthalein solution does not change color" because it is an indicator.

The color is in. changes).

2.It can react with metals: acid + metal - > salt + hydrogen.

Conditions: A acid cannot be concentrated sulfuric acid or nitric acid (with strong oxidizing properties) B metal is more reactive than (H).

Example: Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2, Mg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2

3.It can react with metal oxides (basic oxides): acid + metal oxide - > salt + water.

Conditions: A acid cannot be concentrated sulfuric acid.

For example: CuO+H2SO4=CuSO4+H2O, MGO+2HNO3=mg(NO3)2+H20

4.Can react with alkali (neutralization reaction): acid + alkali - > salt + water.

Example: H2SO4+2NaOH=Na2SO4+2H2O

5.It can react with certain salts: acid + salt - > new salt + new acid.

Conditions: Metathesis reaction.

Condition. 2HCl+Na2CO3=2NaCl+H20+CO2 (the aqueous solution of CO2 is regarded as a new acid).

2. Alkali. 1.It can make the purple litmus test solution turn blue, and the colorless phenolphthalein test solution turn red.

2.It can react with some non-metallic elements (not studied in junior high school):

Example: 2NaOH + Cl2 = NaCal + NaCl0 (sodium hypochlorite) + H20

3.It can react with certain non-metallic oxides: alkali + non-metallic oxide - > salt + water.

Conditions: Alkali must be soluble, (except ammonia); Non-metallic oxides are acidic oxides.

Example: BA(OH)2+CO2=BAC3 +H2O, BA(OH)2+SO3=BASO4 +H2O

4.It can react with acids (the fourth point in acids).

5.It can react with certain salts: alkali + salt - > new salt + new alkali.

Conditions: Metathesis reaction.

Condition. 3. Salt.

1.It can react with certain metals: metal + salt - > new metal + new salt.

Conditions: A salt must be soluble in water b metal must be more soluble than salt.

Metallic reactive c metal no.

Yes. It is K, BA, CA, NA (too lively to react with water).

Example: Fe+CuSo4=Cu+FeSo4, Cu+2Agno3 (cannot be AgCl) = 2Ag+Cu(No3)2

2.It can react with certain acids (the fifth point in the same acid).

3.It can react with certain bases (the fifth point in the same base).

4.Can react with certain salts: salt + salt - > new salt + new salt.

Conditions: Metathesis reaction.

Condition. Example: mgSO4+BACL2=MGCl2+BASO4

Sour. Alkali.

Salt. Water. 1 Hydrochloric acid and caustic soda react: HCLNAOH

naclh2o

Hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide reaction: hclkoh

kclh2o

3 Hydrochloric acid and copper hydroxide reaction: 2HCl

cu(oh)2

cucl22h2o

Hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide reaction: 2HCl

ca(oh)2

cacl22h2o

Hydrochloric acid and iron hydroxide reaction: 3HCl

fe(oh)3

fecl33h2o

6.Aluminum hydroxide drug ** Hyperacidity: 3HCl

al(oh)3

alcl33h2o

7.Sulfuric acid and caustic soda reaction: H2SO42NaOH

na2so4

2h2o8.Sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide reaction: H2SO42KOHK2SO42H2O

9.Sulfuric acid and copper hydroxide reaction: H2SO4

cu(oh)2

cuso42h2o

Sulfuric acid and iron hydroxide reaction: 3H2SO4

2fe(oh)3===

fe2(so4)36h2o

Nitric acid and caustic soda reaction: Hno3NaOH

nano3h2o

6) Acids. Salt.

Another acid. Another salt.

12 Marble reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid: CaCO32HClCACl2H2O

CO2 13 sodium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid:

na2co32hcl

2naclh2o

CO2 14 magnesium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid:

mgco32hcl

mgcl2h2o

CO2 15 hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate solution reaction: HCLagNO3AGCL HNO3

16.Sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate reaction: Na2Co3H2SO4Na2SO4

h2oco2↑

17.Sulfuric acid and barium chloride solution reaction: H2SO4BACl2BaSO42HCl

7) Alkali. Salt.

Another alkali. Another salt.

18 Sodium hydroxide with copper sulfate: 2NaohCuSO4Cu(OH)2

na2so4

19 Sodium hydroxide with ferric chloride: 3NaOHfeCl3Fe(OH)3

3NaCl20 sodium hydroxide with magnesium chloride: 2NaOHmgCl2mg(OH)2NaCl

Sodium hydroxide with copper chloride: 2NaOHcuCl2

cu(oh)2↓2nacl

Calcium hydroxide with sodium carbonate: Ca(OH)2

na2co3

caco3↓

2naoh8) salt. Salt.

Two new salts. 23 Sodium chloride solution and silver nitrate solution: naclagno3agcl nano3

24 Sodium sulfate and barium chloride: Na2SO4BACl2BaSO4

2nacl

General properties of acids:1Acids act with indicators (acids make purple litmus solution red; Does not discolor colorless phenolphthalein).

2.Acid + Metal == Hydrogen + Salt (Displacement).

3.Acid + Metal Oxide == Salt + Water (Metathesis).

fe2o3+6hcl=2fecl3+3h2o al2o3+6hcl=2alcl3+3h2o

4.Acid + base = = salt + water (metathesis) is also called neutralization reaction.

naoh+hcl=nacl+ h2o cu(oh)2+2hcl=cucl2+2h2o

5.Acid + salt = = another acid + another salt (metathesis).

In the case of carbonates and acids, carbon dioxide is generated, and other salts and acids react with precipitation.

hcl+agno3= agcl↓+hno3 bacl2+h2so4=baso4↓+2hcl

na2co3+2hcl=2nacl+ h2o+co2↑

General properties of bases. 1.Interact with the indicator (can make the purple litmus solution blue, make the colorless phenolphthalein red).

2.Alkali Non-metallic oxide = = salt + water (alkali must be a solution; Non-metallic oxides (CO2, SO2, SO3).

2naoh+co2=na2co3+h2o 2naoh+so2=na2so3+h2o

3.Alkaline acid brine (metathesis).

4.Alkali salt Another alkali Another salt (metathesis).

Both the alkali and the salt must be a solution, and at least one of the products must be a precipitate).

fecl3+3naoh=fe(oh)3↓+3nacl ca(oh)2+na2co3=caco3↓+2naoh

Universality of salt. 1.Salt Metal Another metal Another salt (displacement).

The salt must be a solution, and the metal is more reactive than the other).

2.Hydrochloric acid Another salt Another acid (metathesis).

3.Saline alkali Another salt Another alkali (metathesis).

4.Salt Salt Another salt Another salt (metathesis).

Both salts must be solutions, and at least one of the products must be precipitates).

agno3+nacl=agcl↓+nano3 cacl2+na2co3=caco3↓+2nacl

Chemical Equation Reaction Phenomena Application 2mg O2 ignition or δ2mgo intense combustion. Dazzling white light. Formation of white elemental matter, oxide, acid, alkali, salt interrelationship (1) metal elemental acid - salt.