How were ancient marching pontoon bridges built, and how were military pontoon bridges built?

It should be found to find someone to swim over first, and then pull a rope as a fix. Then some of the boats were fastened to the ropes. In order for the carriages and horses to pass over, wooden planks were laid on the boats. Finally, use a few more ropes to strengthen the tension. It's okay to pass people.

The pontoon bridge was called the boat bridge in ancient times, it replaced the pier with the boat boat, it belonged to the temporary bridge, because it was easy to erect, the bridge was formed quickly, it was often used in the military, so it was also called the "war bridge".

The history of building pontoon bridges in our country is very long, "Book of Songs".

The king of Zhou Wen is described.

In order to marry a wife, a pontoon bridge was erected on the Weishui River, which is more than 3,000 years away from today, compared to ancient Greece.

Historians record that when the Persian king Darius invaded Greece, the pontoon bridge built on the Bosporus was 500 years earlier. According to the research of later generations, only the Son of Heaven can use it, and it must be removed immediately after use.

In the Han and Tang dynasties, the application of pontoon bridges in China became more and more common, and it was difficult to count the pontoon bridges built for thousands of years. In many areas, before building a permanent bridge, it is always necessary to have a pontoon bridge in advance, so as to explore and borrow the water situation, and then seek a suitable permanent bridge type. According to rough statistics, nearly 20 large pontoon bridges have been erected on the Yangtze and Yellow rivers alone, most of which are for the military.

In 541 BC, Qin Jinggong's mother and brother were afraid of being killed by Jinggong because they had stored too much property, so they built a pontoon bridge over the Yellow River near Linjin in present-day Shanxi, and fled to the Jin Kingdom with the wealth of "a thousand times a car".

This is the first bridge over the Yellow River. The first Yangtze River bridge was Emperor Guangwu in 35 AD.

In the battle with Gongsun Shu, a separatist force in Sichuan, Gongsun Shu took advantage of the dangerous terrain between Jingmen and Huya, Yichang, Hubei Province, and erected a pontoon bridge, named Jiangguan Pontoon Bridge, in order to cut off Liu Xiu.

The waterway traffic was later burned by the Eastern Han Dynasty sailors using the wind. The Tianjin Bridge, built on Luoshui in the first year of the Sui Dynasty, was the first pontoon bridge built with iron chains to connect ships.

Military pontoon bridge is a kind of pontoon bridge, the structure and erection of pontoon bridge, generally with dozens or hundreds of boats (or rafts, bamboo rafts, rafts), instead of bridge piers, horizontal row in the river, with the hull as the pier, on the paving beam plate as the bridge deck. The bridge and the river bank are connected by picks (ancient called stubs) and trestle bridges to adapt to the rise and fall of the river. The boat is either fastened to a cable made of brown, hemp, bamboo, or iron, or fixed to the bottom of the river and both banks with iron, copper, or stone anchors, or both cable anchors.

The pontoon bridge should adapt to the ups and downs of the river water level and can be adjusted at any time, just as the great poet Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty wrote in the poem of Huizhou Dongxinqiao: "The machine teeth are contracted, and the ups and downs follow the height." ”

Because of its simplicity and speed, the erection of pontoon bridges is often used in the military, also known as battle bridges. In 974, during the reign of Song Taizu, the second pontoon bridge erected in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (according to legend was quarryed in Dangtu County, Anhui), was a water passage opened up for the Song soldiers to destroy the Southern Tang Dynasty, unify the whole country, and march to the south of the Yangtze River. During the reign of Yuan Shizu, in order to unify the southwest region, the army was sent into Sichuan, and more than 20 military pontoon bridges were erected on the Baima River, Hejiang River, Peijiang River, Qingjiang River (all tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River) and other torrents.

Some historians believe that these pontoon bridges contributed greatly to Kublai Khan's unification of the southwest.

The erection of military pontoon bridges, as a temporary means of transportation, is generally for the purpose of passing the army and carrying loads. Sometimes it is also used to block the movement of the opponent's navy, and there are troops stationed on the pontoon bridge, and the pontoon bridge is used to fight with the opponent's navy. At this time, the pontoon bridge became a water trench.

The largest scale of pontoon bridges erected in the history of our country and played an important role in military affairs is a group of pontoon bridges erected by the Taiping Rebellion Army in the Battle of Wuhan.

Wuwang pontoon bridge, there are both thousand-year-old roads and modern pontoon bridges; There are both ancient military fortresses and modern water conservancy hubs; There is the sadness of the autumn wind of Gulei.

The method of building a bridge is to first connect two, three or four boats on the bank of the Hanyang River into a section of pontoon units, and then connect them to the middle of the river to form a bridge. In this way, a large number of personnel can operate at the same time, and a large number of operations can be carried out on the riverbank. The materials used to build the bridge are the wooden strips of Parrot Island and the board barriers of Hanyang City, which Heng Zheng took from the local materials.

The method of fixing the pontoon bridge was only fixed on both sides of the bank at first, and then due to the strong wind, the river was noisy, and the weight was added.

Thirty or forty pounds of iron anchors are fixed in the river, and there is no need for giant cables that are difficult to obtain, and every effort is made to speed up the construction of the bridge. They also used rafts instead of boats in the rapids of the river to reduce the surface of the water and reduce the water pressure on the bridge. The raft is composed of several layers of large wooden rows, and the four sides are surrounded by cowhide and wooden planks.

Holes in the wall can be opened for shooting from outside. The raft is equipped with a "building" to observe the enemy's situation, and simple houses are built for soldiers to stay and store food and food, and dozens of large oars are equipped to swim in the river. The raft was firm and solid, and the surface of the water was smaller than that of a boat, and the Taiping army called it a "turtle boat".

It is a pioneering feat to use it to form a military pontoon bridge. In November 1854, on the Yangtze River in Tianjia Town, Guangji, the Taiping army used the Banbi Mountain in the middle of the protruding river on the south bank to set up a camp, and at the same time erected a pontoon bridge across the river. The middle part of the pontoon bridge also uses three large rafts, and the wooden boats on both sides of the bridge are used as the bridge foot, and the rafts and boats are connected with the four iron chains and seven cables on the Hengjiang River.

Rafts and bridges were equipped with cannons, and guns were placed on ships to intercept the Hunan convoy from Wuhan down the Yangtze River. In order to prevent the shells from setting fire to the bridge, the bridge deck was covered with sand and water was stored in the boat. In this way, the mountains and bridges cooperate with each other, so that the fierce enemy can attack the town of Songke in a few days.