What are the properties common to halogens? Elaborate on that!

It's very oxidizing, because the halogen elements have 7 electrons, and 8 electrons are stable, so it's easy for the halogen group to get electrons.

1. Fluorine (f): Fluorine gas is a light yellow gas at room temperature and is highly toxic. The single halogen is white and transparent and colorless in aqueous solution. Fluorine and hydrogen fluoride (hydrofluoric acid) are highly corrosive to glass.

2. Chlorine (Cl): Chlorine is yellow-green gas at room temperature. Aqueous solution (solubility 20 data):

Chlorinated water is yellow-green in color. The solution with carbon tetrachloride is yellow-green, yellow-green in benzene solution, AGCL is white, and it is insoluble in water. The copper chloride solution is blue (the complex formation is dark green), the ferric chloride solution is yellow, and the ferrous chloride solution is light green.

3. Bromine (br): liquid bromine, which is a dark reddish-brown liquid at room temperature. In aqueous solution:

Bromine water is orange, and the solubility may appear in the following colors due to different concentrations: yellow, brownish-red (reddish-brown). The CCL4 solution is orange-red, the benzene solution is orange-red, and the alcohol solution is orange-red.

Barium bromide solution: colorless, copper bromide solid: black crystalline or crystalline powder, magnesium bromide solution:

Colourless. 4. Iodine (I): Iodine is a purple-black solid at room temperature. Aqueous solution (solubility 20 data):

Iodized water: brownish-yellow, solubility due to different concentrations, the following colors may appear in the question: brownish-yellow, purple (red), brown).

In carbon tetrachloride solution purple, benzene solution purple, alcohol solution brown.

Elemental Properties: Atomic Structure Characteristics:

Due to the different number of electron layers and different atomic radii, the atomic radius from fluorine to iodine increases sequentially, so the attraction ability of the nucleus to the outermost electron is weakened in turn, the ability to obtain electrons from the outside world is weakened in turn, and the oxidation of the element is weakened.

Evoke the likeness of the shed:

The chemical properties of halogens are very similar, they have 7 electrons on the outermost electron shell, and there is a tendency to obtain an electron to form a stable octapographic structure of halide ions, so halogens have oxidation, the smaller the atomic radius, the stronger the oxidation, so fluorine is the most oxidizing element.

Physical progression of elemental matter: from f2 to i2, the color changes from light to dark; The state ranges from gaseous, liquid to solid; The melting and boiling point gradually increases; The density gradually increases; Solubility gradually decreases.

Similarity: Both can react with H to form the corresponding hydrogen halide, which can be dissolved in water to form anaerobic acid. Sakura Jane.

Difference: The ability to combine with hydrogen spine vertical pants, from strong to weak. The stability of hydrogen compounds gradually decreases.

Stability: The active fibrous nature of halogen elements gradually decreases.

Fluorine is only reducible, and the rest is both oxidizing and reducing.

Since the outermost shell has 7 electrons, it is very easy to obtain one electron, so halogens are strong oxidants, which only exist in a chemical state in nature. However, with the increase of the number of electron shells, the atomic radius gradually increases, the gravitational attraction of the nucleus to the outer electrons gradually weakens, the electron-obtaining ability gradually weakens, and its oxidation gradually weakens

1 can react with metals.

F2 reacts with all metals.

Cl2 reacts with the vast majority of metals.

Br2 and more reactive metals.

i2 only reacts with active metals.

2. It can react with non-metals such as H2 and P.

F2 and H2 are in the dark, i.e. ** (F2 is the most non-metallic element).

CL2 and H2 require light**.

BR2 and H2 need to be heated and slowly combined (no).

I2 (vapor) and H2 are continuously heated and remain reversible.

3 Features: i2 is easy to sublimate.

Bromine - the only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, volatile and water-sealed when preserved.

Turns the starch blue.

F2 - the strongest oxidant, F cannot be oxidized to F2 with an oxidant (only by electrolysis) F element has no positive valence.

And it can be combined with rare gases.

Hydrogen halide - all soluble in water, forming a white mist in the air, of which only HF is highly toxic, but HX is an atmospheric pollutant, the aqueous solution is acidic, only hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid, from HF HI, acidity gradually increases.

NAX – Only NAF is toxic and can be used as a pesticide.

CaX2 - only CaF2 is insoluble in water, and CaCl2 is used as a desiccant.

AGX - only AGF is soluble, AGX is photosensitive, AGBR is used as a photosensitive material, and AGI is used as an artificial rainfall material.

hclo、hclo2、hclo3、hclo4

The acidity gradually increases, and the oxidation gradually decreases.