The folk customs of the Tujia family, what are the customs of the Tujia family

The customs of the Tujia family include festival folk customs, craft folk customs, marriage and childbirth folk customs, traffic folk customs, and food folk customs.

1. Festival folk customs

Tujia festivals include Tujia Year and April.

August, June. Sixth, the big Dragon Boat Festival, July 15, etc. The Tujia Year is celebrated one day earlier than the Han people, and the month is more than 29 years old and the month is less than 28 years.

In order to commemorate the establishment of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, on September 20 every year, the anniversary of the establishment of the autonomous prefecture, all citizens in the administrative area of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture have a two-day holiday.

2. Craft folklore

The history of Tujia brocade is called "Yin cloth", "Xizhou spot cloth", "soil brocade" and so on. In Tujia language, it is called "Xilankapu", and in Chinese, it is called "Dahua Cover" or "Tuhua Cover". It is made of cotton yarn as the warp, with various colors of self-dyed silk, cotton, and velvet as the weft, and the method of warp and weft breaking is adopted, and the reverse side is picked and woven into flowers.

Picking flowers, also known as picking yarns, counting yarns, cross-stitch, cross-picking flowers, and pulling flowers, is a basic stitching method of Xiangxi folk crafts. Single-sided pick only front pattern, double-sided pick is both inside and outside the pattern, no positive and negative difference, very strong and beautiful. The pattern of picking flowers in Xiangxi is novel in composition, neat and symmetrical, and the patterns are mostly flowers, butterflies, birds and beasts.

3. Marriage and childbirth folk customs

Tujia marriage customs have distinctive national characteristics, according to the historical data, since the Tang and Song dynasties, there is a marriage phenomenon of "the same surname for marriage, marriage without a sedan chair, carrying a newlywed, mixed men and women", after "changing the land and returning to the stream", the parents' order is carried out, the words of the matchmaker, and the sedan chair is used to greet.

Fourth, traffic folklore

Most of the villagers in Xiangxi live in the mountains and valleys, with steep slopes and dangerous roads, and it is inconvenient to travel. As the saying goes: The other mountain is called well, and it takes half a day to walk.

In the long years, the people of Xiangxi have built roads and bridges in different forms, created water and land transportation and transportation tools that adapt to their regional characteristics, and formed unique transportation folk customs.

5. Food and Folk Customs

Xiangxi is located in the western part of China, in addition to liking sour and spicy food, it has gradually formed its own characteristics. Such as trembling rice, community rice, rice tofu, vegetable cake, iron bone pork stir-fry, bacon fried yellow eel, honey button meat, beef soup pot, radish stewed mutton, etc.

Summary. 1.Wedding:

Tujia wedding ceremonies are varied, and in some areas, "pig cage eggs" are held, where the bride and groom will give each other carefully selected pig cage eggs to express their love for each other. 2.Married life:

After the bride and groom get married, they will go into their parents' homes and be filial to their parents. The man is responsible for the housework and helps the parents with the work, and the woman takes care of the elderly in the family and contributes to the family with all her heart. 3.

Eating customs: The Tujia people will leave the best food for the guests when they eat to express their courtesy to the guests. In addition, when there are elderly people in the family, the family will give the best food to the elderly as a sign of respect and filial piety.

4.Legal customs: The Tujia people have their own laws and customs, such as prohibiting funerals at home, prohibiting going out without returning home, not allowing foreign guests to enter the home, prohibiting children from wearing their parents' clothes outside, and so on.

2.Married life: After the bride and groom get married, they will go into their parents' homes and be filial to their parents.

The man is responsible for the housework and helps the parents with the work, and the woman takes care of the elderly in the family and contributes to the family with all her heart. 3.Eating customs:

The Tujia people will leave the best food for the guests when they eat to show their courtesy. In addition, when there are elderly people in the family, the family will give the best food to the elderly as a sign of respect and filial piety. 4.

Legal customs: The Tujia people have their own laws and customs, such as prohibiting funerals at home, prohibiting going out without returning home, not allowing foreign guests to enter the home, prohibiting children from wearing their parents' clothes outside, and so on.

1. Festivals. The Tujia people attach great importance to traditional festivals, from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, it can be said that there are festivals every month. The New Year's Festival (over the New Year), the Lantern Festival, the February Sheri, the Flower Dynasty Festival, the March Cold Food Festival, the Qingming Festival, the Eighth Ox King Festival in April, the Dragon Boat Festival in May, the Sixth Xiangwang Festival in June, the Qiqiao Festival in July, the Daughter's Meeting, the Half Moon Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15, the Double Ninth Festival in September, the "Winter Clothes Festival" on the first day of October, etc., are all more important festivals.

2. Marriage and love. Marriage in the history of the Tujia family was relatively free, and both men and women could become husband and wife after free love, with the consent of both parents, and with the testimony of the teacher (shaman).

In Enshi stone kiln, the top of the mountain and other places, there is the custom of "daughter's meeting", that is, on the twelfth day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar every year, young men and women sing and dance through the "daughter's meeting", love each other, and become lifelong partners.

After the land was changed and returned, the Tujia family was forced to implement an arranged marriage with the orders of their parents and the words of the matchmaker. The Tujia family practiced monogamy, and before liberation, there were customs of cousin marriage and house-filling marriage. Aunt's cousin marriage, that is, the daughter of the aunt's family must marry the son of the uncle's family, also known as "returning bones"; The brother who died and the brother took the sister-in-law, and the brother who died took the sister-in-law, which is called "sitting on the bed".

But these customs no longer exist in modern times.

1. Tujia marriage customs.

In the past, it was customary for the natives to marry with the same surname. There is "all the daughters of the aunt's family will marry the son of the uncle's family", which is called the bone species. No matter how big or small it is, there is a custom that the daughter of the aunt's family is more than 10 years old, and the son of the uncle must be married".

There is "my aunt's daughter, reach out and take it; Uncle family wants, across the river called". There is also the habit of accepting sister-in-law when a brother dies, and accepting a daughter-in-law when a brother dies, which is called "sitting on the bed". Young men and women are relatively free to marry in love.

When singing and dancing, they love each other, and with the permission of the local teacher, they can get engaged and married. Later, due to the development of the feudal economy and the influence of the Han nationality, marriage was subject to the constraints of "the order of the parents and the words of the matchmaker". When getting engaged or getting married, you must prepare cattle, sheep, meat, wine, and money as a dowry, and some poor families cannot marry for life.

2. Tujia funeral customs.

Tujia people "funeral songs". Playing drums and singing, there is a habit of "dancing the funeral drum". After a person dies, he must sing "filial piety songs", play gongs and drums at night, and stay up all night.

If the old man dies, he will also set up firewood in the mourning hall and burn a fire. After the funeral, the unburned firewood will be divided equally among the children to express the meaning of equal sharing of the inheritance. At the time of the funeral, the Taoist priest beat the coffin with a firewood stick to drive away the ghosts.

The filial son held the tent in front of the coffin, crawled and walked, and the relatives went to the cemetery. When buried, ask the soil teacher to draw gossip in the grave, sprinkle male yellow wine, and put the coffin into the pit, and the filial son must first dig three hoes of mud, and then bury the coffin. For those who die well, put a bamboo stick and an umbrella on the grave; For those who die unnaturally, ask the soil teacher to go up the knife ladder to overdue.

3. Eating habits and characteristics of the Tujia family.

The Tujia people mainly eat miscellaneous grains, such as bud grain, millet, buckwheat, red vetch, etc., and eat less rice. Likes to be fishy, good at drinking. If you cut it too finely, it will be ridiculed as stingy and stingy.

Drink with a clay bowl. For the five flavors, I especially like spicy, every meal is not separated from chili, and there is also the habit of drinking oil tea. That is, "the Tujia people use fried soybeans, bud grains, rice flowers, soybean milk, sesame, mung beans and other things, take water and oil, and pay tribute to the tea leaves.

In the old days, there was also the custom of smacking alcohol.

The Tujia people are an ethnic group with a long history, mainly distributed in the Wuling Mountains at the junction of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou. The Tujia family claims to be the "White Tiger Queen", with the White Tiger as the ancestral god, and a wooden carved white tiger is enshrined on the shrine of each family all the year round, and it is not forgotten to worship everywhere at all times.

The daily staple food of the Tujia people is camping grain, rice, etc., and the dishes are mainly sour and spicy. In terms of clothing, the Tujia people are still frugal and loose, and the traditional clothing is mostly blue and blue cloth or linen.

The traditional houses of the Tujia people mainly include thatched houses, adobe houses, etc. The marriage of the Tujia family is relatively free, and both men and women can become husband and wife after free love, with the consent of both parents, and testified by ten teachers. In terms of funerals, the Tujia people used to practice cremation.

There are many taboos in the Tujia family, such as adult men and women are not allowed to sit on a bench: they are not allowed to step on the fire pit and tripod with their feet, so as not to blaspheme the gods. In socks.

The language and writing, the scholar family has its own"Language, Tujia belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and the language branch is unknown. Due to the long-term intermingling with the Han people, most people began to use Chinese and Chinese very early, and only the Yongshun, Longshan, Guzhang and other areas in Hunan still retain the ten family languages intact. There is no written language in this ethnic group, and the common Chinese language is used.

Costume, the upper family ** for the short coat with large sleeves, the left jacket placket, rolled inlaid with 2 3 layers of lace, trimmed trousers: ** for the cardigan. "If you are in a hurry, you are in advanceThe 2-day New Year is an important festival.

Tujia men wear pipa shirts and green silk headscarves. Women wear left shirts"The coat is rolled with two or three laces, the sleeves are relatively wide, and he wears trimmed trousers or eight Luo skirts, and likes to wear all kinds of gold, silver, and jade ornaments.

Festivals. The important festivals of the Turkish people are, the fourteenth day of the first lunar month of the Youning Temple Sutra Viewing Meeting, the February 2nd Weiyuan Town Ring Meeting, and the March.

March and April 8 temple fair, June 11 Dan Ma opera fair, June.

Ten. 3. The 29th "Youth" Association, the "Naton" (Harvest Celebration Meeting) in the Minhe Sanchuan area from July 23 to September, and so on. Among them, the ring meeting, the Danma opera and the "Naton" are the most national characteristics. At that time, in addition to traditional entertainment activities such as horse racing, wrestling, martial arts, and singing "flowers", material exchange meetings will also be held.

In addition, Bu Chui, like the Han nation, also celebrates the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, etc.

The customs and habits of the Tu people.

Taboo. There are many taboos among the Turkish people, and they are taboo to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, people will sprinkle a handful of grass ash towards the moon.

But the Tu people also live the Mid-Autumn Festival with the public, the moon cakes in the Tu area are steamed out by the Tu people themselves, big and round, with a variety of patterns, and the patterns on the moon cakes are colorful and unique. Do not eat the meat of round-hoof livestock (horses, mules, donkeys); Do not defecate in the corral, believing that it will affect the growth of livestock; It is taboo to pour tea for guests in a bowl with cracks; Do not ask guests "have you eaten" or "have you eaten"; Arguing and hitting children in front of guests is the biggest faux pas, and it will be considered an eviction order; When entering the home of the Tu people, you must first greet you outside the hospital, and you can only enter the hospital after someone responds; Young women are not allowed to enter their bedrooms at will, and they are not allowed to joke with unmarried girls; Do not count their sheep to the guests; Do not smoke, spit, tumble and make loud noises in the Buddha hall and main hall; Do not step over the monk's kneeling mat and other objects; Avoid sneezing and coughing on butter lamps; When turning the prayer wheel in the Buddhist hall, it must be stuffy from left to right, knowing that it is irreversible; Hunting, open defecation and loud noises are prohibited near the temple. The Tu people also have the habit of avoiding the door, such as giving birth to a child, opening a new door, or when there is a serious patient in the family, they should paste a red paper next to the gate, or simmer a fire next to the gate, and outsiders are not allowed to enter the courtyard.