Introduction to Earth s Plate Drift, Plate Drift, Earthquakes, Volcanoes

Plate tectonics, also known as global tectonics. The term "plates" refers to lithospheric plates, including the entire crust and the top of the upper mantle below the Moho surface, that is, the top of the mantle above the crust and asthenosphere. The new global tectonic theory holds that large-scale horizontal movements have occurred and continue to occur in both continental and oceanic crusts.

But this horizontal movement does not occur between the silicon-aluminium and silicon-magnesium layers, as the continental drift theory envisions, but rather the entire mantle asthenosphere of the lithospheric plate moving like a conveyor belt, and the continents are only "passengers" on the conveyor belt.

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Problem description: Do I think continental drift and plate tectonics are somewhat contradictory?

Aren't the continents connected to the rocky layers of the earth's crust? It's not floating on the water, so how can he drift? Plate tectonics means that the rocky layers under the continent and the ocean are connected, and the entire crust is made up of 6 pieces, which will move a little bit after a period of time, so the 2 blocks will move in opposite directions, what will become of the intersection of these two fast, is it leaking out of the mantle?

That master can help me answer this question!

Analysis: In continental drift, there is no indication of how to drift. In the early 60s, the theory of seafloor expansion was proposed, which happened to explain the theory of continental drift that Wegener could not explain at that time.

The Earth is made up of the Earth's core, mantle, and crust. The Earth's mantle is 2,900 kilometers thick and is composed of a silicon-magnesium substance, which accounts for the mass of the Earth. Because the temperature of the mantle is very high and the pressure is high, like boiling molten steel, it is constantly tumbling, producing convection currents and forming strong kinetic energy.

Continents passively move over the mantle-to-fluid fluids. Figuratively speaking, when magma rises upward, it is natural for the seabed to produce uplifting, and the magma keeps rising upward, naturally rushing out of the seabed, and then the magma temperature decreases, the pressure decreases, condenses and consolidates, and lays on the old ocean floor to become a new oceanic crust. Of course, this mantle upsurge will not stop there.

Driven by the subsequent mantle upwell, the oceanic crust is torn apart, and new magma emerges from the cracks, which condenses, consolidates, and is then propelled by the upwelling flow. In this way, new oceanic crusts are constantly created, pushing the old oceanic crust out to both sides, which is seafloor expansion.

The theory of plate tectonics holds that the tectonic units of the lithosphere are plates, and the boundaries of plates are mid-ocean ridges, conversion faults, subduction zones, and ground sutures. Due to convection in the mantle, the plates separate and expand at the mid-ocean ridge, and thrust down and disappear at the subduction zone and the ground suture line. In the interior of the plate, the earth's crust is relatively stable, and the junction of the plate and the plate is the zone where the crust is more active, where volcanoes, ** activities, faults, extrusion folds, magma rise, crustal subduction and so on occur frequently.

In summary, during the movement of the 2 plates to both sides, the mantle does not leak out, but magma, thus forming new rocks!

We seldom understand the mystery of the movement of the earth beneath our feet. In fact, the movement of the earth is not mysterious, it completely follows the laws of nature.

The basic structure of the Earth is made up of a large magmatic core and a thin crust. The earth's crust is like steel slag floating on top of molten steel.

Steel slag is basically some oxide. Due to the rotation of the Earth, the relatively light slurry on the surface of the magma ball moves eastward towards the equator; The steel slag moves from the equator to the westward direction of the two stages. The density of steel slag is different, and under mobile extrusion, the whole appears to break and wrinkle.

On the one hand, there is a gravitational imbalance, and on the other hand, there is a crustal stress imbalance. We can see that the folds and sections of the rock strata are generally perpendicular to the extrusion force.

This is the main cause of the first grade, the relatively soft steel slag is easy to break, and it is the most high-incidence area.

After some steel slag sinks and then melts, there will be some gas generation (including water vapor) plus the sinking of the rock layer, and more pressure will accumulate between the magma ball and the earth's crust, which will cause the soft steel slag area to swell upward, resulting in ** and volcanoes.

** and volcano forecasts can be obtained from topographic observations, and volcanic eruptions may occur in areas of the earth's crust that are uplifted quickly and in the soft areas around them.

This is the story of the lava ball wrestling with the earth's crust, and the earth's crust is at a disadvantage.

The study is not thorough, when the story is seen.

To understand this question, we first need to understand the characteristics of the earth's sphere structure and the theory of plate tectonics. The obvious differences in material composition and physical properties between the Earth's lithosphere and its underlying asthenosphere (sphere), the characteristics of molten plastic flow in the asthenosphere, and the gravitational attraction between stars and the astral motion caused by them are the basis for plate movement. In fact, the magma in the asthenosphere in the upper upper mantle is constantly circulating in convection, generally rising near the mid-ocean ridge** rift zone and sinking in the island arc region, which may be the direct cause of plate movement.

Therefore, mid-ocean ridges, conversion faults, interplate collisional orogenic belts and their accompanying island arcs are all direct evidence of plate movement. The subduction of the subduction plate (usually the oceanic crust) in the collision zone is in opposition to the oceanic crust accretion of the mid-ocean ridge, resulting in the continuous movement of the plates and the material circulation between the crust and mantle.

**Quoted from the Internet.

Because the earth is always in motion (the earth is divided into many layers, each layer has a different pressure, imagine if you press a balloon, if it doesn't move to the side, it will burst for you), only relative stillness.

Because plates are floating on magma.

This is the result of the natural movement of the earth.

In fact, there are many famous theories about the formation of continental plates on the earth, and the theory of continental drift is one of them.

After reading carefully, I found that if the land was all connected, the continents would have nowhere to drift, and the earth would be much smaller than it is now, about twice the diameter of the current one.

It is reasonable to assume that after the rapid expansion of the Earth, it is more reasonable to expand and drift slowly. Here are the reasons for the expansion and the speed of the Earth's expansion. It is due to the formation of the sun and the earth, due to the energy of the earth itself, and the corresponding decrease in the pressure on the earth due to the weakening of solar activity, which causes the earth to expand.

The shape is caused by pressure and the speed of change.

The expansion rate is lower than the ** rate, and the final pressure tends to equilibrium with the internal stress. After the rapid expansion of the earth, the crust of the earth cracked due to the increase in volume, and the exposed part of the magma formed the seafloor.

The earth's crust forms continental plates, and the cooling and contraction of magma beneath the earth's crust causes folds and fissures to form on the surface. This may be the cause of orogeny and volcanic eruptions.

Continental drift completed the inhabitation of the islands of Oceania long before the birth of modern humans, and part of it (Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand) migrated southward from the Asian continent and gradually spread; A small part (South Pacific islands such as the French Society Islands) was immigrated by American Indians. The strait between Australia and the Indonesian archipelago is so narrow that it can be crossed by canoe.

The distance between New Zealand and mainland Australia is also within reach of ancient primitive seafaring techniques (both along the east coast of Australia and the island of New Guinea - the Solomon Islands).

The Northern Hemisphere has most of the world's landmass, while the Southern Hemisphere has most of its oceans, with most of the islands on the continent's east coast. Why this is so, there are the following reasons: the rotation of the earth, the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on the earth, we can know that these forces are the strongest near the equator, and the poles are the weakest, so from a certain point of view, the poles do not move much in the continental drift, but this is only a superficial phenomenon, and the biggest impact is the current plate drift caused by the forces inside the earth.

That is the thermal mantle, and the crust has a tendency to move from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere due to different centrifugal forces, but the crust and continents cannot be dragged by this force alone. The main reason is the thermal movement of the Earth's interior under the action of centrifugal force. It's kind of like the process of boiling water in a kettle.

The water expands and rises by heat, leaving negative pressure at the bottom of the pot, creating an upward thrust at the pot and flushing the lid open when the water boils. The hot water rises to the surface to cool, shrinks, and descends along the outer wall, forming a circulation. The earth's crust squeezes and disappears in the Northern Hemisphere, on the one hand, accumulates into continents and mountains, on the other hand, inserts into the ground, expands by heat, softens, and then rises, forming negative pressure at the place of ascent, and there are vanishing zones almost all around the Northern Hemisphere, forming negative pressure on the North Pole, causing the Arctic to concave and the mantle rising (moving in the direction of the South Pole) to the South Pole, forming an impact on the South Pole, causing the South Pole to bulge, and the rising mantle flows out at the ridge around the South Pole, cooling, forming a new crust, a nascent crust south of the ocean ridge, causing the South Pole to further bulge ( Because around the Antarctic continent, there are growth zones and no disappearing zones).

The nascent crust north of the ocean ridge causes continents and crust to move, drift and circulate to the northern hemisphere.

So it's getting farther and farther away.