What was the standard font after Qin Shi Huang unified Chinese characters?

During the Warring States period, although the basic structure of the characters was the same in various countries, there were differences in the complexity and layout of the characters. Li Si was instructed to unify the script, and he used the script of the Qin State as the basis, referring to the script of the Six Kingdoms, formulated a small seal, and wrote a model for the implementation of the whole country. At that time, there was also a popular calligraphy called Lishu, which was simpler than the small seal.

In fact, before Qin Shi Huang unified the script, there were many ways to write the script of Qin, such as the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the "Qin" character of Qin, some were written from Shuanghe in Chung Province, and some were written from Sanhe. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the differences between the characters of various countries are getting bigger and bigger, and the cursive seal on the book of the Houma League of the Jin Kingdom is already very difficult to see the inheritance relationship between it and the Western Zhou Jinwen, but in any case, the Six Kingdoms script and the Qin script are all ** in the Western Zhou Jinwen, so they are still homologous, but after all, the Western Zhou Jinwen is still a kind of hieroglyphic writing, the position of the radical is not unified, and the shape is not unified, which is the root of the variation of the later princes' writing, but the Qin State was at the beginning of the founding of the country. Under the dual role of Qin culture and conservatism, the Qin script has become the most standardized script, while the script of the Six Kingdoms is arbitrarily simplified, so it is difficult to recognize. If you want to look at the image of this aspect, I can introduce you to a few kinds, Chu script, ink book, you can look at Guodian Chu Jian, "orthodox" Chu State Jin Wen, you can look at the Wang Ziwuding inscription, Sanjin text, you can look at the Houma League book, as well as Zheng Zuo Kuge inscription, Qin State text is the most complete, Jinshi text has stone drum text, Qin Jing Gonggui, ink script to Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Qin tomb bamboo slip is the most representative.

Qin Shi Huang's unified text is: small seal.

Qin Shi Huang unified the script in 221 BC. The unified text is a small seal. After Qin Shi Huang unified the six countries, he felt the complexity of the national script and the different styles of books, so he proposed "the same text of the book", the unity of the text and the unity of the style.

Qin Shi Huang ordered Li Si, who was good at calligraphy, to do the work. Therefore, the small seal is also called "Qin seal".

Small seal features: The small seal is rectangular, with a square word and a half for the degree, a word for the body, half a word for the hanging foot, the approximate ratio of about 3:2.

It is a horizontal and vertical stroke, with uniform roundness and thickness. All horizontal and vertical paintings are equidistant and parallel, all strokes are mainly circles, the circle is round, the circle is round, the circle is round, and the circle is square, so that the circle is alive and full of fun.

It is balance and symmetry, and the balance and symmetry of spatial division are the unique charm of seal script. Symmetry exists not only in left-right symmetry, top-down symmetry, but also in the local symmetry of the word, the symmetry of the left and right inclination of the arc stroke.

It is tight at the top and loose at the bottom, most of the main part of the small seal is in the upper half, and the lower half is the telescopic hanging foot. Of course, there are also characters without feet, the main stroke is in the lower part, and the upper stroke can be raised.

The standard font of the Qin Dynasty was Xiao Seal. After Qin Shi Huang unified the six countries, the currency, writing, and measuring instruments of each country were very confused. Qin Shi Huang issued a unified national weights and measures.

Based on the original metric standard of the Qin State. As a standard instrument for use in the whole country, the old currencies of the six countries were abolished, and the round square hole money was used as a unified currency. The width of the wheels was also unified.

It is stipulated that the whole country has the same track. Then the script was unified, and the whole country reached the same text. It has changed the phenomenon that different countries have different scripts, different ways of reading, and different writings.

At that time, the script was unified, and the small seal was used as the official standard. And write it into a text model and promote it to the whole country. The formulation of the small seal was the first time in China that there was a system to standardize the writing of characters. It is also a turning point in the transformation of Chinese characters from ancient to modern characters.

However, the writing of the small seal is more cumbersome, requiring the font to be rectangular, the strokes are horizontal and vertical, the circle is uniform, and the thickness is consistent. All the strokes are mainly circles, the circle starts and the circle closes, the square is round, and the circle is square. The font pays attention to balance and symmetry, the arc strokes are symmetrical left and right, symmetrical up and down, and the left and right inclination should be symmetrical.

In the calligraphy world, the "beauty of Longde", which called Xiao Seal "Wan'er Tong", won everyone's love. Many steles in later generations are inscribed with small seals, just because it has an elegant and solemn feeling.

Each turn is circular in small seal writing, and the speed of stroke writing will be slower. And it is also difficult to carve small seals on bamboo slips. Later, for the convenience of writing and engraving, the round corners were changed to square.

Slowly, it gradually evolved into another method of writing, called Lishu. He writes more concisely and faster than the small seal. And the font is more generous.

Soon, readers all over the world accepted this new font, and in the form of informal officialdom, Lishu gradually became popular among readers. By the end of the Qin Dynasty, Lishu began to gradually replace the position of the small seal. Even the official writing embraced this new font.

In the end, it became a unified way for the people to write. It has been flourishing in the Han Dynasty, flourishing in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and there is still this kind of writing in the Tang Dynasty.

The standard font of the Qin Dynasty was Xiao Seal, and after the Qin Dynasty unified the whole country, it also unified the text, and the Xiao Seal was used.

After the Qin State unified China, it carried out a series of reforms, which was to unify the script in terms of culture, and the simplified font Xiao Seal was used as the standard font and was used throughout the country.

Xiao Seal, the Qin Dynasty was a very powerful country, the Qin Dynasty was very famous, Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor to unify the six countries.

Xiao Seal, Qin Shi Huang.

After the unification of the Six Kingdoms (222 BC), the implementation of "the book with the same text, the car with the same track", by the Prime Minister Li Si.

Responsible, in the state of Qin.

On the basis of the original use of the Great Seal script, it was simplified, and it was ordered to use the "small seal" of the Qin State as the standard to unify the national script.

Based on the large seal commonly used by the Qin people during the Warring States Period, Li Si absorbed the advantages of the simple and simple strokes of the tadpole script that was common in Qilu and other places, and created a new script with a uniform shape and simple strokes, called "Qin Seal", also known as "Small Seal", as the official standard text, and abolished other variant characters at the same time. Thank you.

Qin Xiaozhen. The Qin State used the big seal before, for example, the stone drum text is the big seal, and after the Qin unified China and established the Qin Dynasty, the unified text was the Qin small seal, and the Langya moment was. During the Qin Dynasty, Qin Lishu had already been produced, which was the predecessor of the later Han Dynasty.

The production of Lishu is the result of the practical application of bamboo slips. The seal is written to be more curved and round, the bamboo slip itself is hard, the round pen becomes a straight pen when written on the bamboo slip, the song becomes a hook, and the official book comes into being.

After the unification of the Qin state, the unified standard script was the small seal. After Qin Shi Huang unified China, Prime Minister Li Si was in charge of simplifying the original use of the Great Seal script in Qin, canceling the other six languages and creating a unified Chinese character writing form.

Based on the large seal commonly used by the Qin people during the Warring States Period, Li Si absorbed the advantages of the simple and simple strokes of the tadpole script that was common in Qilu and other places, and created a new script with a uniform shape and simple strokes, called "Qin Seal", also known as "Small Seal", as the official standard text, and abolished other variant characters at the same time.

The stipulation is a small seal, in fact, a general official book.

Seal script. After Qin Shi Huang became emperor, he abolished the original scripts of various countries and unanimously changed to the small seal of Qin.

Qin Shi Huang. The unified text is a small seal.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the princes were divided, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, and Qin. Chinese characters in various countries have appeared in simplified and traditional Chinese characters.

First, the situation of multiple forms of one word. After Qin Shi Huang destroyed the Six Kingdoms, he ordered the Qin State.

The "small seal" as a standard, unified the national script. Seal, also known as "seal book", is the collective name of the small seal and the big seal, because it is customary to put the "籀文."

It is called the big seal, so the descendants often refer to the "seal text" specifically to the small seal.

On the basis of the Great Seal of the Qin State, Qin Shi Huang simplified and created a unified national script - the small seal. It is characterized by a vertical rectangular font, horizontal and vertical strokes, uniform roundness, and symmetrical balance. The small seal was popular from the Qin Dynasty until the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and was gradually replaced by Lishu.

However, because the small seal font is beautiful and hungry, it has an ancient style and ancient charm, and has always been favored by calligraphers.

Because of its complex strokes, the form is ancient, and it can be engraved with seals, especially the official seals that need to be anti-counterfeiting, and seal scripts have been used. Since the Qin Dynasty, most of the calligraphers of the past dynasties have put the Qin seal.

It is regarded as a criterion, and its slender longitudinal posture is taken as the physical appearance.

The development of Chinese characters to the stage of small seals, gradually began to be stereotyped, the pictographic meaning was weakened, the characters were more symbolic, and the confusion and difficulties in writing and reading were reduced, which was also the product of the first large-scale standardization of writing by administrative means in the history of our country. Qin Dynasty.

The use of the sorted out small seals to unify the national script not only basically eliminated the phenomenon of different characters in various places, but also greatly changed the situation of many different ancient characters, and played an important role in the history of the development of Chinese characters.

After the unification of Qin Shi Huang Liang Juechong, he unified weights and measures, so that the culture could be fully exchanged, and the rubber annihilation made the nation more harmonious, and felt that there were obstacles to people's communication, so he unified the language.

Because Qin Shi Huang promulgated some laws, if there were people who violated the law, then they would be punished with capital punishment, so it was possible to unify the language.

Qin Shi Huang's act of unifying the country directly led to the unification of writing, because it would allow for smoother cultural exchanges.

Lu Lu 1, Qin Shi Huang's unified text is a small seal.

2. After Qin Shi Huang unified the six countries, he felt the complexity of the national script and the inconsistency of the book style, so he proposed "the same text of the book", the unity of the text and the unity of the book style. Qin Shi Huang ordered Li Si, who was good at calligraphy, to do the work. Therefore, the small seal is called "Qin Seal" by the Jedi Town Line.

The formulation of the small seal was the first systematic process of standardizing the style of writing in China.