What are the testing methods for organic fertilizers and what are the testing standards for chemical

Organic fertilizer detection method: with the development of modernization, agricultural science and technology is also advancing, in recent years, due to the irrational use of fertilizers such as fertilizers, the non-use or less application of organic fertilizers, resulting in a sharp decline in the fertility of the limited cultivated land on which we depend. The Ministry of Agriculture and relevant departments also attach great importance to the fertilization of cultivated land, and propose to "scientifically apply chemical fertilizers, guide the application of organic fertilizers, and comprehensively improve soil fertility", but with the vigorous promotion of organic fertilizers.

Bio-organic fertilizer is a very nutritious fertilizer, which plays an irreplaceable role in China's agriculture. According to research, the key factor of the obvious effect of bio-organic fertilizer is "live + with special functions + microbial strains", bio-organic fertilizer is one of the products with high technical content in China's new fertilizer, and has recently been recognized for its unique growth-promoting, disease prevention and disease resistance effects.

1. Look at the material. 1.The water content of the product is too high or too low is not conducive to the survival of the strain, judgment method: grab a handful of fertilizer and observe it in the sun, the yin tide is clumpy, dry and gray are not normal products.

2.The "organic fertilizer nutrition" suitable for the growth of special functional strains should be the first type, which is composed of a variety of organic nutrients (such as: rapeseed meal, soybean flour and other fermentation), and the traces of raw materials can be seen in the light, or the special smell of raw materials can be smelled.

2. Look at the effect. Test method: add a small amount of water to adjust the bio-organic fertilizer into a ball, put it in the refrigerator to freeze into ice cubes, take it out and melt it the next day, repeat it three times, and the bacteria in the fertilizer will freeze to death or be greatly reduced; This is to use it and compare the original product with a test, observe the difference in the same field, the difference is obviously good fertilizer, the difference is not obvious, indicating that the product is problematic, it is recommended to abandon the use.

3. Look at the packaging. 1.Product registration certificate: with the Ministry of Agriculture microbial fertilizer registration certificate number (note: provincial departments do not have the right to register), the correct method: "microbial fertilizer (registration year) Linzi (number) number" or "microbial fertilizer (registration year) quasi-word (number) number";

2.Product technical indicators: effective viable bacteria number (CFU) 100 million grams, the Ministry of Agriculture is only allowed to mark 100 million grams, 100 million grams (strictly stipulated, this value must be reached on the day after the shelf life).

In order to cater to the market, some companies deliberately mark billions of dollars, which is unscientific (it is difficult to achieve with current technology) and is wrong.

3.Product expiration date: more than 6 months stipulated by the state. As the shelf life of bio-organic fertilizer products is extended, the number of effective viable bacteria will continue to decrease, and it is irresponsible to label the expiration date too long.

Organic fertilizer is true or false, you are really difficult to distinguish with your eyes, the safest way is to test the organic fertilizer, the results of the test are accurate!

If you don't test the organic fertilizer first, you can test the agricultural products that apply the so-called organic fertilizer afterwards, if you apply 100% organic fertilizer, then the agricultural products you produce are also 100% organic agricultural products!

If the organic fertilizer you apply has part of the organic fertilizer and some of the chemical fertilizer is blended, then the agricultural products you produce are not organic!

There is also a stupid way, that is, smell with your nose, if it is organic fertilizer fermented with chicken manure, then such organic fertilizer must also have the smell of chicken manure, if it is organic fertilizer made after fermentation with cow manure, then such organic fertilizer will also have the smell of cow dung!

However, even so, you smell chicken manure, cow dung, since he may have added some urea and other chemical fertilizers, then such fertilizers are not pure organic fertilizers!

Therefore, the only way to distinguish between real and fake organic fertilizer is to test the organic fertilizer before applying the so-called organic fertilizer, and also to conduct a comprehensive test and test of the organic fertilizer you apply, or sampling test in batches, so as to ensure the quality of the organic fertilizer you apply!

You can also do the following:

One touch: slippery and dry, and it is high-quality fertilizer that can be scattered when you touch it.

Second smell: If there is a little fragrance and sake lees smell, it is better to rot.

Three looks: the off-white is over-rotten, and it is generally not recommended to choose. Semi-decomposed organic fertilizer is used in the field, which continues to decompose in the ground and can be combined with organic matter in the soil to form new humus, which has a better effect.

It should be noted that the action period of organic fertilizer is relatively long, and it also takes a process to fertilize the soil.

And the best way is to test the agricultural products with organic fertilizer afterwards, which is the most accurate, authoritative and safe way!

Abrasion rate, particle size, crush resistance, fineness, trace elements (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, fluorine, etc.), heavy metals (lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, etc.), moisture, ammonia nitrogen content, amino acids, organic matter, pH value, total nutrients, etc.; Ingredient analysis, formula analysis, ingredient comparison, content detection, etc.;

Mass fraction of moisture (H2O).

The mass fraction of the base fraction (in caO).

Mass fraction of soluble silicon (SiO2).

Mass fraction of available magnesium (MGO).

Fineness (by test sieve) 80

Note: If the content of alkali, soluble silicon and available magnesium in the superior product is not required by the user, the manufacturer may not do the inspection.

Determination of effective phosphorus pentoxide content Quinoline gravimetric method (arbitration method) GB 20412-2006. Absolute difference of parallel determination Absolute difference of results of different laboratory measurements The sample is subjected to a yellow quinoline precipitate of phosphomolybdate in an acidic medium and quinmolybdenone, which is filtered, washed, dried and weighed.

Gravimetric method for water determination GB 20412-2006. Absolute difference of parallel measurement Absolute difference of measurement results of different laboratories In an electric constant temperature drying oven at a certain temperature, the sample is dried within a specified time, and the mass lost is the mass of moisture.

6.Potassium sulfate testing items for agriculture: potassium oxide, chloride ions, moisture, free acid, particle size. GB 20406-2006 Potassium sulphate for agricultural use

This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of potassium sulfate for agricultural use.

It's okay, but it's generally tens of thousands, it's not suitable for individuals to buy, if it's an enterprise or a farmer, it's okay, if you buy it, the brand "zyd-tf" is still good.

The Holder fertilizer nutrient detector can detect available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, pH and trace elements in the soil.

Compared with chemical fertilizers according to their nutrient content, the former is a variety of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements, while the latter is relatively single, nitrogen fertilizers only contain nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizers only contain phosphorus, potassium fertilizers only contain potassium, even compound fertilizers only contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other limited nutrients. However, although the various nutrient types contained in organic fertilizer are complete, its concentration is relatively low, taking chicken manure as an example, its nitrogen content is about, phosphorus content is about, potassium content is about, that is, 100 kg of chicken manure contains nitrogen (N) kg, phosphorus (P2O5) kg, potassium (K2O) kg. Urea in chemical fertilizer contains 46% nitrogen, that is, 100 kg of urea contains 46 kg of nitrogen (N), potassium chloride contains 60% potassium, 100 kg of potassium chloride contains K2O60 kg, and the nutrient concentration of chemical fertilizer is much higher than that of organic fertilizer.

Organic fertilizers contain a lot of organic matter, which is not found in chemical fertilizers. After organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, it needs to be decomposed and decayed by microorganisms before nutrients can be released for crops to absorb, and chemical fertilizers can play a role after being applied to the soil. Therefore, organic fertilizers contain many types of nutrients, low concentration, and slow release; Chemical fertilizers, on the other hand, have a single nutrient content, high concentration and fast release.

Both have their own advantages and disadvantages, organic fertilizer should be applied in conjunction with chemical fertilizer in order to develop its strengths and avoid weaknesses, and give full play to its benefits.

The role of organic fertilizer has the following two aspects:

1) Improve the soil and fertilize the soil.

The main substance in organic fertilizer is organic matter, and the application of organic fertilizer increases the content of organic matter in the soil. Organic matter can improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils, mature soils, and fertilize soils.

2) Increase crop yields and improve the quality of agricultural products.

In addition to nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, organic fertilizers also contain a variety of sugars, amino acids and other substances, which can not only provide nutrients for crops, but also promote the activities of soil microorganisms. Organic fertilizer also contains a variety of trace elements, such as boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and effective iron grams per 100 kg of livestock and poultry manure. The combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer has a significant effect on increasing yield, and can improve the quality of products, reduce the content of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables, increase the content of vitamin C, and increase the sugar content in melons and fruits.

Some organic fertilizers improve the soil and have a greater role in fertilizing the soil, such as straw, peat, compost, etc.; Some organic fertilizers are mainly based on the nutrients required by crops, such as human manure, chicken manure, etc., which mainly depends on the ratio between organic matter and nitrogen content in different organic fertilizers. The structural material of organic matter is mainly carbon (C), so this ratio is called the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C n), the role of organic fertilizer with C n greater than 30 is mainly to improve the soil, and the role of organic fertilizer with C n less than 30 is mainly based on nutrients. The C N of crop straw is about 100, applied into the soil, the effect of improving the soil is great, because the amount of nitrogen contained is very small, not only can not release nitrogen in the process of decomposition and decay, but also absorbs nitrogen from the soil, and some places should add a little chemical nitrogen fertilizer to accelerate the decomposition process.

Basal fertilizer, generally called base fertilizer, is a fertilizer that is applied before sowing or transplanting. When ploughing, the organic manure is evenly applied, and the fertilizer is turned into the soil with the ploughing, this method is simple, easy to operate, can play a good purpose of improving the soil, but in its uniform application to the soil, can not all or even most of the contact with the root system and be utilized by the root system, therefore, the fertilizer utilization rate is bound to cause excess waste, bring certain economic losses, and secondly, it is easy to produce soil obstacles. Therefore, this method is more suitable for planting crops with higher densities.

There are two methods of topdressing for organic fertilizer: deep soil application and extra-root topdressing. Deep soil application generally applies organic fertilizer near the dense layer of the root system, and covers the soil after application to avoid the loss of nutrient volatilization. Extra-root topdressing is to mix the compost with 10 times the water evenly, take its supernatant after standing, and spray the fertilizer solution on the foliar surface of the crop with the help of a sprayer for foliar absorption.

There are many application methods of seed fertilizer, such as seed dressing, soaking, strip application, hole application, etc. Seed dressing is a method of dissolving or diluting fertilizer with a small amount of water, spraying on the surface of seeds, and mixing while spraying, so that the fertilizer solution is evenly stained on the surface of the seeds, and sown after drying. Soaking is to dissolve or dilute the fertilizer solution into a solution of a certain concentration, according to the liquid type 1:

10 ratio, put the seeds into the solution and soak for 12 24h, so that the fertilizer liquid infiltrates into the seed coat with water, and then sow after drying. After ditching or digging holes, fertilizer is applied into the ditch and hole of 3 5cm of the cultivated layer, and then sown near the fertilizer belt, and the distance between the fertilizer is kept above 3cm. Used as seed fertilizer, fertilizer requires the release of nutrients to be fast, can not be too acidic, too alkaline, the fertilizer itself has no toxic effect on seed germination, and the organic fertilizer that is fully decomposed after composting is a good seed fertilizer.

Fully decomposed organic fertilizer, evenly released, comprehensive nutrients, is an ideal fertilizer for seedlings. Generally, 10% fermented organic fertilizer with sufficient fermentation is added to a certain amount of peat, fly stone or perlite, and the soil is mixed evenly to make seedling substrate.

Full-layer application is to sprinkle organic fertilizer all over the surface, and apply organic fertilizer into the whole soil layer through cultivated land, this fertilization method can be applied in the case of more organic fertilizer (4000 6000kg per mu) or crop density. Concentrated application into the soil is to apply compost near the root system of crops by ditching, and this fertilization method is worth using when there is less fertilizer (1500 3000 kg per mu) and soil fertility is relatively low.

1. Full-layer fertilization. Sprinkle organic fertilizer on the surface before ploughing and fully into the soil as ploughing. This fertilization method is simple and labor-saving.

Fertilizer is applied evenly, but fertilizer utilization is low. At present, this method is suitable for the application of refined farm manure with high dosage and low nutrient content.

2. Concentrated fertilization. Organic fertilizers with a high degree of decay (such as commercial organic fertilizers) are generally applied in planting holes or trenches, and they are concentrated on the root parts of crops, which can give full play to their fertilizer effects.

3. Top dressing. Organic fertilizers with a high degree of decay (such as biogas fertilizer) have a high content of available nutrients and can be used as top dressing.

4. Combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. The advantages and disadvantages of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are different, long-term agricultural production practice proves that the single application of organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer can not meet the needs of crop growth in a timely and appropriate amount, only the two are applied together, in order to give full play to their respective advantages, the two learn from each other's strengths, complement each other, help each other, give full play to the yield potential of fertilizer, and achieve the dual effect of high yield and high quality and fertilization to improve the soil.