What are Zhang Xuecheng s main historiographical thoughts and propositions?

It's not Zhang Xuecheng, it's Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao once said in "The Academic History of China in the Past 300 Years": "The most ancient history is actually Fang Zhi.

For example, Mencius called Jin "Cheng", Chu "Shou Zhu", Lu "Spring and Autumn", and Zhuangzi called "One Hundred and Twenty National Treasure Books" than the present work, then a prefecture and county chronicles. “

When he was young, he learned from a teacher, learned to write at the age of eight, could embellish a thousand words at the age of nine, and was raised at the age of 17. Later, he studied under Kang Youwei and became a propagandist of the bourgeois reformists.

Before the reform of the law, together with Kang Youwei, he united with the provinces to launch the "book on the bus" movement, and then successively led the strong societies in Beijing and Shanghai, and together with Huang Zunxian, he ran the "Shi Ji Bao", served as the main lecturer of the Changsha School of Current Affairs, and wrote "General Discussion on Law Change" to publicize the law change.

It was Liang Qichao who proposed it.

Liang Qichao pointed out in "The Academic History of China in the Past 300 Years": "The oldest history is actually Fang Zhi. ”

Scholars who hold this view believe that Fang Zhi originated from the Zhou Guan. The so-called Zhou official refers to the official system of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty, and the later book "Zhou Li" is also known as "Zhou Guan", and Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty believes in the "Henan Chronicles" that the Zhou officials' positions, soil training, and recitation of training are not without similarities in the later generations of Fang Zhi.

Chronicles are historical records that record the geography, evolution, customs, education, products, people, scenic spots, historic sites, poems, and writings of a certain place, and are important materials for historical research, especially local history research.

The most ancient history is actually that Fang Zhi was not proposed by Zhang Xuecheng.

Liang Qichao said: "The most ancient history is actually Fang Zhi. Scholars who hold this view believe that Fang Zhi originated from the Zhou Guan. The so-called Zhou officials refer to the official system of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty, and the later book "Zhou Li" is also known as "Zhou Guan".

Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty believed in the "Preface to Henan Chronicles" that the positions of Zhou officials, local training, and recitation training were all similar to those of later generations. Zhang Jiacheng, a historian of the Qing Dynasty, from the perspective of historical history, believes that those books that record local historical events in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

For example, Jin Zhi's "Ride", Chu's "Prayer Stick", Lu Zhi's "Spring and Autumn", etc., should be the earliest Fang Zhi. Many scholars of later generations also believe that these historical books, similar to the later local chronicles, have the rudiments of local chronicles, and should be called the source of local chronicles.

It's really the wrong car that kills people Standard answer Liang Qichao.

Although Zhang Xuecheng is the founder of Fang Zhixue, this sentence was said by Liang Qichao.

Liang Qichao's article "Fang Zhixue" begins with this sentence.

I'm also convinced, I've learned to strengthen the country, I've got the ninth question, you delete this question quickly, don't come out and harm people,

Zhang Xuecheng said in the article "Hezhou Chronicles: Zhiyu Self-Narrative": "Zheng Qiao has historical knowledge but no historiography, Zeng Gong has historiography but not historical law, and Liu Zhiji has historical law but not historical meaning. This is also done by the "General Principles of Literature and History".

Here, through comparison with the above scholars, he clearly pointed out that he wrote the book "General Principles of Literature and History" in order to explain the historical meaning. In addition, he also talked about the importance of interpreting historical meaning in many chapters of the General Principles of Literature and History. For example, he said in the chapter "Literature and History: Yan Gong":

To be a historian knows what it means, it is not the same as a story, but only to seek the end of the article. In the chapter of "Literature and History, General Righteousness and History", it is said: "The noble one of history is also righteous.

In the chapter of "Zhong Zheng", he said: "The way of historians' writings, how can they not seek the righteousness and meaning? "Wait.

Why does Zhang Xuecheng emphasize the importance of historical meaning so much? He believes that historiography mainly includes three parts: historical events, historical texts, and historical meanings, among which historical meaning is the soul and therefore the most important. He said in the chapter "Wen Shi Tongyi Shen Zheng":

Confucius did "Spring and Autumn", and said that his affairs were Qi Huan and Jin Wen, his literature was history, and his righteousness was Confucius who claimed to have taken it. Accordingly, Zhang Xuecheng named his work "General Principles of Literature and History", indicating that he hoped to achieve the goal of understanding historical meaning through the study of historical books and historical texts. Expose and criticize other bad styles of writing other than the study of evidence.

Zhang Xuecheng said in the article "And Zhu Shaobaishu": "I despise the book of "Tongyi", and those who know him can be with **, I don't know how to say anything, not all of them are literary and historical plans, about the life experience, I am angry and write in the book, and after a hundred years, I can allow the words of "Tongyi" to be the same as the old Du Ge's poems, and it is the Huan Tan after the servant. "Tongyi" in the book "Yan Gong", "Shuo Lin" articles, more than ten years ago old manuscripts, now urgently take the revision and publication, non-city literature also, cover with the decline of the wind is getting worse, scholars and away from the grub arms in the shackles, the door of disputes, will be unavoidable.

I have to say it, or there is to open its thorns, appease its devouring poison, and from the frank easy to peek into the purity of the world, the general body of the ancients, or in the customs and hearts of the people is not without a small supplement! ”

Although Zhang is good at historiography, he has never been reused by the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, he applied his historiographical theories to the practice of compiling and revising the Chronicles. The compilation of Fang Zhi occupies a very important place in his life's activities, and makes him an extremely important figure in the establishment of Fang Zhixue.

Liang Qichao praised him as China's "ancestor of Fang Zhi" and "the saint of Fang Zhi". After the rise of the Chinese Zhizhi craze in the 1978s, his Fangzhi doctrine was also used as an enlightenment theory to study.