Beam Bridges Arch Bridges Characteristics and main differences of suspension bridges

Beam Bridge Beam bridge refers to a bridge whose structure is under vertical load, and its support only produces vertical reaction force, but no horizontal thrust. Beam bridges are characterized by the fact that the bearing structure of their spans is composed of beams. Girder bridges can be divided into simply supported beams.

type bridge, continuous beam bridge, cantilever beam bridge. Arch bridges are bridges that use arches as the main load-bearing structure of the bridge body. Arch bridges are mainly subjected to pressure, so they can be built with brick, stone, concrete and other materials with good compressive performance. Reinforced concrete can be used for long-span arch bridges.

or steel construction, which can withstand the moments that occur. According to the structure, arch bridges can be divided into solid belly arches, hollow arches, truss arches, unhinged arches, double-hinged arches, three-hinged arches, etc.

Arch bridge. The main load-bearing structure of an arch bridge is the arch ring.

and arch ribs. Under the action of vertical loads, piers and abutments.

The horizontal thrust will be subjected to significantly counteract the bending moments in the arch ring (or rib) caused by the load.

Function. Therefore, the bending moment and deformation of the arch are much smaller than those of beams with the same span. Since the load-bearing structure of an arch bridge is mainly under compression, compressive capacity is usually available.

Strong masonry materials (such as brick, stone, concrete, etc.), reinforced concrete, steel to build. In order to ensure that the arch bridge can be used safely, the substructure and foundation must be able to withstand the adverse effects of large horizontal thrusts.

Cable-stayed bridges. It should be a suspension bridge. The composition and advantages and disadvantages of cable-stayed bridge are made up of cable-stayed cable, tower column and girder, the main beam is cable-stayed on the tower column with a number of high-strength cables, and the cable-stayed cable makes the main beam suffer the reaction force of a pressure and an upward elastic support, which makes the spanning capacity of the bridge greatly enhanced.

The advantages of cable-stayed bridges are: the size of the beam body is smaller, and the spanning capacity of the bridge is larger; It is less restricted by the clearance under the bridge and the elevation of the bridge deck; Wind stability than suspension bridges.

Good; There is no need for a centralized anchorage structure like a suspension bridge; It is convenient for cantilever construction, etc. The disadvantage is that it is a multi-static superstatically determined structure, and the design and calculation are complex. The connection structure between the cable and the beam or tower is more complicated; There are many high-altitude operations in construction, and the technical requirements such as construction control are strict.

Compared with the three, the beam bridge is mainly a bending member and the construction is convenient, but the spanning capacity is insufficient. The stressed member of the arch bridge, such as the arch ring, bears the compressive stress, can not appear tensile stress, is sensitive to temperature change, and the arch bears both vertical force and horizontal thrust, and the spanning capacity is general; The suspension bridge comprises a suspension bridge and a cable-stayed bridge, and the stress characteristic is that the cable transmits the bridge deck load to the pylon, and then transmits it to the foundation by the pylon, and the bridge deck transverse bridge is not stable in the direction, and the spanning capacity is very strong.

Beam bridge: bending arch bridge: The characteristic of compression suspension bridge is that the tension time is not enough, and it is written less.

Arch bridges, flat bridges.

Suspension bridges, why arch bridges have a strong bearing capacity? The shape of an arched bridge is circular and evenly distributes the force exerted on the deck, whereas a simple flat bridge cannot. Therefore, when the same amount of pressure is applied, an arch bridge that distributes the pressure is stronger than a simple flat bridge.

<> scientific concept. Arch structures and arch structures are characterized by more pressure than beams. When the arch is under pressure, it transmits the downward force downwards and to the adjacent sections.

If it can resist the external thrust of the various parts of the arch bridge when it is compressed, the arch bridge can withstand a lot of pressure. Arch bridges have a strong load-bearing capacity. Arch bridges should belong to the relatively large stiffness, but the applicable span is not large (usually less than 200m), while the rope bridge (suspension bridge.

Suspension bridge) can be classified as a flexible bridge, and the suitable span is relatively large (usually greater than 800m). In the design, according to the actual situation, different bridge structure forms can be selected, and the bearing capacity of the bridge is related to many factors such as structural form, foundation, cross-sectional size and material.

The simplest bridge structure is two piers with a deck on them. The middle part of the bridge can withstand a lot of pressure (the pressure of the bridge is borne by the tension of the ends and the middle tenancy). The arch bridge is an improved version of this type of bridge.

By lifting the middle part of the argument and adding"Arches", the pressure in the middle is borne by the pressure on both sides, so the tension becomes the pressure. From the point of view of bearing gravity loads, the efficiency of the accompanying arch bridge is not as good as that of the arch bridge. Because the arch bridge will be loaded due to the action of the arch.

Translates into pressure perpendicular to the arch and can withstand greater gravity.

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Because the structure of the arch bridge is more reasonable, the force can be evenly stressed in various places, so the bearing capacity of the arch bridge is stronger.

Arch bridges, flat bridges and suspension bridges, why do you say that the bridge bearing capacity of arch bridges is relatively strong? Because from the geometric aspect and the messenger, the force on the arch bridge is not on a certain stone slab, and the force is borne by the skin alone but together, so the arch bridge has a relatively strong bearing capacity.

The load-bearing characteristic of the arch bridge is to transfer the pressure to the arch foot, so the bearing capacity of the arch bridge is the strongest.

The stress characteristics of the girder bridge are as follows:

Beam bridge refers to the bridge with beam or truss girder as the main load-bearing structure, is a kind of structure without horizontal reaction force under the action of vertical load, and its superstructure only produces vertical reaction force under the action of plumb vertical load.

Since the direction of action of the external forces (dead load and live load) is close to the axis of the load-bearing structure, the bending moment generated in the beam is the largest compared to other structural systems with the same span, and it usually requires materials with strong bending resistance (steel, wood, reinforced concrete, etc.) to construct.

The beam bridge is one of the basic systems of the bridge, which is very convenient to manufacture and erect, widely used, and occupies a large proportion in the bridge construction.

Stress characteristics of arch bridges and suspension bridges:

1. Arch bridge.

The main load-bearing structure of an arch bridge is the arch ring or arch rib. Under the vertical load of this structure, the pier or abutment will be subjected to horizontal thrust, and this horizontal thrust will significantly cancel out the bending moment action in the arch ring (or arch rib) caused by the load. The load-bearing structure of the arch bridge is mainly composed of hypothetical compression differential limbs, which are usually constructed with strong compressive resistance of dock materials (bricks, stone fallacia, concrete) and reinforced concrete.

2. Suspension bridge.

The suspension bridge takes the suspension cable as the main load-bearing structure, the structure is light, the structure is simple, the force is clear, and the long-span bridge can be built economically and reasonably with a small building height. Due to the light weight of the structure of this kind of bridge and poor stiffness, there is a large deformation and vibration under the action of vehicle dynamic load and wind load.

The main forms of bridges are: beam bridges (simply supported beams and oaks.

Continuous beams, rigid bridges), arch bridges (simple system arches that are stressed by bare arches, combined system arches), suspension bridges (i.e., suspension bridges.

Composite bridges (cable-stayed bridges.

composite system, arch bridge, etc.).

The advantages of the girder bridge are that the force is relatively clear and the construction technology is mature, and the disadvantages are that the cross-sectional size is large and the consumables (if the span is large).

The advantages of the arch bridge are that the appearance is beautiful, the bearing capacity potential is large, and the disadvantages are that the foundation conditions are good (there is a large horizontal reaction force), the stability requirements are high (if the span is large), and the construction is more complex (if the support is constructed, the concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge is much better).

The advantage of the suspension bridge is that it is beautiful in appearance and magnificent, but the disadvantage is that the stiffness is small, and the anchor block has higher requirements for the foundation (there is also a large horizontal force).

The advantage of the combined system bridge is to combine the advantages of various bridge forces, and the exact point is that the force is generally not clear enough to block and annihilate accurately, which is not suitable for hand calculation (now the calculation does not matter).

The problem of the landlord is too big, and here can only be said simply: compared with the three, the beam bridge is mainly a bending member, and the construction is convenient, but the spanning capacity is insufficient; The stressed member of the arch bridge, such as the arch ring, bears the compressive stress, can not appear tensile stress, is sensitive to temperature change, and the arch bears both vertical force and horizontal thrust, and the spanning capacity is general; The suspension bridge comprises a suspension bridge and a cable-stayed bridge, and the stress characteristic is that the cable transmits the bridge deck load to the pylon, and then transmits it to the foundation by the pylon, and the bridge deck transverse bridge is not stable in the direction, and the spanning capacity is very strong. Let's just say these briefly, personal understanding, for your reference.

Beam bridges are generally plate beams, box beams, T beams, I-beams, and prefabricated ones.

Arch bridges, double arches are not used now, and are still using tie arch bridges, but high-grade highways are not used, and their later maintenance is more difficult.

Girder bridge: Since the direction of action of external forces (dead load and live load) is close to the axis of the load-bearing structure, compared with other structural systems with the same span, the bending moment generated in the beam is the largest, and materials with strong bending capacity are usually required.

Arch bridge: Its main load-bearing structure is the arch ring and arch rib. Under the action of vertical load, the pier and abutment will bear the horizontal thrust and will significantly offset the bending moment action in the arch ring (or arch rib) caused by the load, because the load-bearing structure of the arch bridge is mainly compressed, and materials with strong compressive capacity are usually used.

Suspension bridge: The main load-bearing structure of a suspension bridge is a suspension cable, which is mainly tensile and usually uses materials with strong tensile strength.

Cable-stayed bridge: Cable-stayed bridge is a combined system of tension and compression.

What is the largest arch bridge in the world?

Answer: The girder bridge has no horizontal reaction force under the action of vertical load, and mainly bears the bending moment.

The pier or abutment of the arch bridge will bear the horizontal thrust under the action of vertical load, and this horizontal thrust will significantly offset the bending moment caused by the load in the arch circle, and the bending moment and deformation of the arch are very small, mainly under pressure.

Generally speaking, the arch bridge is suitable for the conditions of good foundation conditions, unrestricted building height, unrestricted construction period, and sufficient stones.