What do people do with the garbage they throw away?

1. Incineration method

The incineration method is to combust the combustible components in the municipal solid waste and the oxygen in the air to turn it into inorganic matter, and the incineration treatment can reduce the volume by 80% to 90%. In developed countries, the incineration method is generally used to deal with municipal solid waste, and the effect of this method is relatively good. The incineration method can reduce, harmless, and recycle urban solid waste, which greatly reduces the land occupancy rate.

2. Landfill method

The landfill method is the final treatment of garbage under anaerobic conditions, in which the garbage in the soil is decomposed by microorganisms to produce non-hazardous substances such as CH4 and CO2. Although the landfill method greatly saves the cost of building and operating the factory, the landfill method greatly occupies land resources; At the same time, the leachate, biogas and rancid odor brought by the treatment will bring environmental harm to the surrounding water, soil and atmosphere.

3. Composting method

The advantage of the composting method is that the domestic waste is harmless and recycled, and the converted organic fertilizer can also be used as a soil amendment. However, in view of the treatment of municipal solid waste in China, due to the complex composition of garbage and the difficulty of sorting, the composting effect is poor and the quality of fertilizer is not high, and the heavy metal components in unsorted garbage will also produce secondary pollution.

Regulations related to garbage disposal

From May 1, 2020, the new version of the Beijing Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the new Regulations) was officially implemented. In order to cooperate with the implementation of the "Regulations", Beijing also issued the "Beijing Municipal Domestic Waste Classification Work Action Plan" and four implementation measures, and the "flexible" policy is promoted in an orderly manner.

Municipal city management departments shall, in conjunction with the relevant departments of the city, organize the preparation of municipal solid waste disposal planning, reported to the city for approval of the implementation. Where the planning and layout of facilities and land use are involved, they shall be included in the city's urban and rural planning and land use planning. The city's solid waste treatment planning should be clear solid waste treatment system, determine the overall layout of domestic waste collection, transfer and treatment facilities and renewable resources utilization facilities, overall domestic waste treatment flow, flow.

The best things will be handed over to the enterprises that can be used for resource utilization; Hazardous waste is disposed of harmlessly by means of high-temperature treatment and chemical decomposition; Wet garbage is recycled or harmlessly disposed of by means of biochemical treatment, biogas production, composting, etc.; Dry garbage is disposed of harmlessly by incineration and other methods.

Nationally, landfill is still one of the main means of disposing of municipal solid waste, but in large cities like Shanghai, landfill, a relatively backward means of waste disposal, is being phased out.

As an effective alternative to landfill, waste incineration has the characteristics of relatively low land occupation, obvious reduction effect, and waste heat can be utilized, and has been widely used in developed countries and regions, and is gradually being implemented in China. In 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, together with four ministries and commissions, issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Treatment of Municipal Domestic Waste Incineration", proposing that by 2020, the national urban waste incineration treatment capacity will account for more than 50% of the total treatment capacity.

The garbage disposal capacity will be gradually increased

Although the current disposal rate of urban garbage is almost close to 100%, there is still a very big gap between China and developed countries in terms of garbage classification and resource recycling.

China is still lagging behind in the classification and treatment of garbage, especially the treatment of kitchen waste. With the gradual promotion of garbage classification, China will also accelerate the construction of wet waste treatment facilities, and it is expected that in the next few years, biological treatment facilities will become an integral part of the entire technical pattern of waste treatment in China.

If the dry and wet garbage are not separated, the garbage will be incinerated due to the high water content, resulting in insufficient combustion, and it is easy to produce more toxic and harmful substances to pollute the environment. Therefore, whether it is landfill reduction or the standardization of incineration, it is necessary to sort waste at the front end.

At present, China's waste disposal methods are mainly landfill, incineration, and composting.

1. Landfill:

Landfill is the most important method of dealing with domestic waste in most cities in China, and it is also the traditional method of treating garbage in China. According to whether the engineering measures are complete and whether the environmental protection standards can be met, the landfill can be divided into three levels: simple landfill, controlled landfill and sanitary landfill. The choice of land for landfill is usually based on a combination of factors such as economy, soil, topography, transportation, waste, climate, distance and location.

Advantages of landfills:

1. The landfill is relatively simple to operate, and the technology is mature, and the operation safety is good.

2. There are no strict requirements for the composition of garbage, and most types of garbage can be processed.

3. The construction time of the project is short, and the investment and operation cost are low.

4. It will not cause serious air pollution.

Disadvantages of landfills:

1. Landfill occupies a large area of land, and site selection is difficult.

2. It is easy to pollute soil and groundwater by sewage leakage, destroy land resources, and easily cause serious secondary pollution.

3. Poor methane gas emissions will occur**.

4. Garbage piling is easy to produce foul odor, which affects the surrounding air quality and has a serious impact on the lives of residents living in the surrounding area.

2. Garbage incineration

Waste incineration has always been a relatively old method of waste disposal, and it is also widely used by countries around the world. Some industrialized countries are mainly engaged in the research of incineration technology and equipment. However, in recent years, many countries have begun to impose restrictions on waste incineration.

Advantages of waste incineration:

1. The foreign technology is relatively mature and the technology is relatively reliable.

2. It occupies a small area, has a large processing capacity, has a relatively high efficiency, and has less pollution to the land.

3. Waste heat can generate electricity and produce economic and social benefits.

Disadvantages of waste incineration:

1. The cost of waste incineration is high, the procedure is relatively complex, and the construction of the project takes a long time.

2. It is necessary to provide a high incineration temperature, and if the combustion process is not controlled, a large amount of dust and toxic gases will be generated, causing serious air pollution and harmful to human health.

3. China's incineration technology is not mature, and most cities cannot afford the high cost of incineration, and it is easy to cut corners, produce loopholes, and seriously endanger environmental quality.

3. Garbage composting:

Garbage composting is mainly used for the treatment of organic perishable garbage, and has long been used in China's agricultural activities, which is to use garbage or microorganisms in the soil to make garbage undergo biochemical reactions to form a substance similar to humus soil, which is used as fertilizer and used to improve the soil.

Advantages of garbage composting:

1. It can improve the soil quality and provide the nutrients needed for crop growth.

2. It can kill the germs in the garbage and eliminate the spread of harmful germs.

3. Harmless, promote a virtuous cycle of ecology.

4. The operation is safer.

Disadvantages of garbage composting:

1. It covers a large area and has poor sanitary conditions, which is easy to cause secondary pollution.

2. The construction period is long and the cost is high.

3. It cannot be applied to all kinds of garbage.

Most of them are buried, and some of them are burned to generate electricity.

Just ask the garbage disposal site.

Garbage disposal is to quickly remove garbage, carry out harmless treatment, and finally make reasonable use of it. The garbage disposal market is basically sorted first and then processed first. The most commonly used treatment method is landfill, which is very slow and covers a wide area.

At present, the general disposal of garbage is harmless, and finally the rational use of the garbage disposal market will be sorted and then processed. Polluting garbage is usually burned and then buried.

The garbage in life should be classified and treated, and the treatment process should be classified according to whether the material of the garbage is harmful, as well as whether it can be used and other factors, so as to realize the utilization of renewable resources and energy conservation and environmental protection.

What do you do with your garbage? I think that garbage should be classified, and what should be classified should be classified, so I should be classified, remember that we will classify, so there are two boxes of garbage songs, one is a garbage bin, and the other is a classification box, so garbage classification must be clearly classified, in the same township, so garbage classification is the best.

For garbage should be classified and disposed of, after all, it can be **garbage and non-**garbage, which can ensure the urban environment well.

The garbage is now sorted separately. There are many kinds, such as garbage, household garbage, dry garbage, wet garbage, garbage, hazardous garbage, etc., according to the classification to put it in different garbage bins.

Domestic garbage can be divided into ** garbage, kitchen waste, hazardous garbage, and other garbage.

Can be **garbage.

For example: waste paper, plastic, glass, gold, and cloth.

Through professional comprehensive utilization, pollution can be reduced and resources can be saved.

Food waste. For example: leftovers, bones, roots, leaves, peels and other food waste.

Composting can be done locally or at a designated location through biotechnology, and tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per tonne.

Hazardous waste. For example: waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired medicines, etc.

These special items require a professional or company to handle them safely.

Other garbage. For example: bricks, ceramics, muck, toilet waste paper, paper towels, etc.

This kind of waste cannot be used and can only be landfilled in situ or designated places.

1. Garbage mainly includes five categories: waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth.

1. Waste paper: newspapers, magazines, books, various packaging papers, office paper, cartons, etc., but paper towels and toilet paper are too water-soluble;

2. Plastics: all kinds of plastic bags, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles, etc.;

3. Glass: all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, etc.;

4. Metal: cans, metal cans, etc.; Fabrics mainly include discarded clothes, towels, school bags, cloth shoes, etc.

Second, do not ** garbage.

Non-a** things refer to garbage other than garbage, common garbage that is easy to decompose under natural conditions, such as skin, vegetable leaves, leftovers, flowers, branches, leaves, etc. There is also harmful and polluting garbage, which cannot be reconstituted and recycled. Toxic and hazardous waste includes paint pigments, waste batteries, waste lamps, etc.

If these items are discarded at will, they will seriously affect the environment and cause danger, and we should dispose of such garbage into toxic and harmful trash cans in time.

Littering has numerous hazards:

Clause. 1. Occupy too much land. Dumping of garbage on the outskirts of the city encroaches on a large amount of farmland.

Clause. 2. Moldy and smelly, producing harmful gases and polluting the air.

Clause. 3. Harmful liquids are produced in the process of mold and deterioration, polluting water bodies.

Clause. Fourth, soil muck. Garbage is applied directly to farmland, or only after simple treatment on farmland, which will damage the soil.

Aggregate structure, physicochemical properties and water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining capacity. Especially plastic bags, plastic sheeting, if buried in the field, crops.

The roots will not grow, the crops will be reduced, and the food available for people will be reduced.

Clause. Fifth, there are many combustibles in the garbage, and there are fire hazards.

Clause. 6. Removal of pests and nests. Garbage can breed a lot of harmful bacteria, mosquitoes, flies and other harmful organisms.

To sum up, do not litter and protect the environment.

Garbage is something that is closely related to everyone's life, and there is no one who does not throw garbage. However, in today's increasingly bad environment and energy stress, garbage has become a global issue, because garbage is the only growing resource in the world. Let's take a look at the responses of various countries.

First of all, let's take a look at the "whimsical ideas" of various countries in terms of waste management. Ireland: Take out the garbage before you weigh it

The Irish local administration measures the waste of public facilities and households, either by weighing or by volume, and the person who takes out the garbage must pay a clean-up fee based on the actual amount of rubbish.

Singapore: Chewing gum first registered].

Singapore has banned the import and sale of chewing gum since 1992. Not long ago, Singapore** lifted the ban on chewing gum, but to eat chewing gum must be registered first, and only registered users are entitled to chewing gum.

Japan: Cumbersome garbage separation].

Every December, residents of Japan receive a special "calendar" for the coming year: the dates of each month are marked by different colors such as yellow, green, and blue. Underneath the "Almanac" note is noted:

Each color represents what kind of garbage can be thrown away that day. With this "almanac", people have to throw out different garbage according to the specified dates of the "almanac" during the year. Let's take a look at the usual waste disposal methods in various countries.

The municipal solid waste treatment technology in developed countries abroad has a history of development for decades, and the domestic waste treatment methods have also changed with the development of treatment technology and economy.

Although the domestic waste treatment methods in the United States, Canada and other countries are still mainly landfilled, the proportion of landfills and the number of landfills are greatly reduced, the scale of a single landfill becomes larger, and the landfill treatment method accounts for about 60 70, and the proportion of ** utilization is higher, accounting for about 20 30, and the rest is incineration, accounting for about 10 or so.

Due to its small territory, large population and developed economy, Japan has adopted a domestic waste treatment method suitable for its national conditions, that is, it is mainly incineration, accounting for more than 70, and a small amount of landfill composting and utilization and other supporting treatment methods.

Germany, France, etc., in the original landfill-based treatment method, vigorously develop incineration technology, the current incineration treatment method is close to landfill treatment, and Germany has issued relevant laws and regulations, starting from this year (2005), Germany will prohibit direct landfill of primary waste. In addition, the treatment of compost or bio-compost has also been developed to a certain extent and occupies a certain proportion. The following statistical table can help us to have a more comprehensive understanding of the treatment methods commonly used for domestic waste in foreign countries.