What are the steps of the broken step measurement? Fragment measurement method and procedure

The break-step measurement can only measure the approximate length of the object to be measured, and the specific steps of the break-step measurement are as follows:

1. Start from a certain point, take a step forward, and measure or estimate the distance of this step.

2. After taking a step, take the same step forward and count the steps taken.

3. After the measurement is completed, the approximate length of the object can be obtained by multiplying the number of steps taken by the distance of a single step. Step-by-step measurement is done.

Fragment surveying is to draw a topographic map by surveying and mapping the ground features on the ground according to their orientation, topography, size and the ups and downs of the landform.

Different cartographic scales and topographic maps for different purposes have different requirements for detail and accuracy.

1. Draw it on the drawing according to the coordinates of the control point;

2. Place the instrument on the point (measuring station) and determine the orientation point (the control point that can be seen and the farthest away);

3. Connect the two points on the drawing (measuring station and orientation point) with a straight line, which should be light and not thick, because it should be erased in the future;

4. The left disk accurately aims at the orientation point and places zero;

5. Place the prism on the point to be measured;

6. Aim at the prism, read the horizontal disc reading, measure the level distance and height difference, and record;

7. Use a protractor to measure the angle value of the reading of the horizontal disk, and make a marking point (it should be light but not thick, just visible);

8. Take the corresponding distance on the map from the settlement point along the direction point, mark the position on the map of the measured point, and mark the elevation;

9. Repeat the operation 5-8 to measure other points.

10. Draw the features and landforms in time according to the relationship between each point.

Broken step measurement can only measure the approximate length of the object to be measured, and the specific steps of broken step measurement are as follows

1. Start at a point, take a step forward, measure or estimate, the distance of this step.

2. After making a step of distance, step forward at the same pace and count the number of steps taken.

3. After the number of steps is measured, the number of steps taken is multiplied by the distance of a single step, and the approximate length of the object can be obtained, and the broken step measurement steps are completed.

Preparation tools: theodolite, drawing board, tower ruler, steel ruler, protractor, triangular ruler, calculator, pencil, eraser, etc.

Steps: 1. An instrument: place a theodolite at control point A, and measure the height of the instrument;

2. Orientation: the rear space touches the control point b, and the dial is set to zero;

3. Check the direction: aim at another control point C, read the horizontal dial reading and compare it with the known data;

4. a vertical ruler; 5. Observation: aim at the tower ruler of point 1, read the difference between the upper and lower wires, the middle wire reading, the vertical plate reading, and the horizontal angle respectively;

6. Recording and calculating: record the above-mentioned observation source rental measurement value, and calculate the horizontal distance and elevation of point 1 according to the line-of-sight measurement formula;

7. Spread the broken part: on the drawing, determine the position of point 1;

8. Draw a topographic map.

The "Broken Step Measurement Step Method" is as follows

1. First, select the broken step point, pay attention to the selection of the feature points and the turning point of the contour line of the feature and the feature;

2. Then carry out the measurement, set up the total station on the control point, turn on the machine for centering, and leveling;

3. Open the saved surveying and mapping file and orient the station in the station settings;

4. After the instrument is oriented, enter the "measurement" state, enter the measured broken step point number and mirror height, accurately aim at the prism erected on the broken step point, operate the Fengsun instrument and record;

5. Then automatically return to the state of measuring the base volt amount, then enter the mirror height, aim at the prism on the second broken step point, and the instrument measures the coordinates of the second prism point, and saves the measurement results to the previous coordinate file. In this way, the 3D coordinates of all subsequent measurement steps can be measured and saved.

Fragment measurement:

According to the requirements of the scale, the fragment survey is based on the requirements of the scale, using the principle of map synthesis, using the root control points to measure the feature points of topographic map elements such as features and landforms, and using mapping instruments to measure and compare with the field with contour lines, features, geomorphological symbols, elevation annotations, geographical annotations, etc. In the professional book, scatter measurement is carried out directly under control. Broken step point:

A general term for the feature points that determine the plane contour of the landform.

Notes:

1. Protect the total station and other field measuring instruments and tools;

2. Each point should be marked on the sketch after the measurement, so as to facilitate the clarification of the surveyed objects;

3. When measuring the broken step point, it should not be too much or too little, and the selection of the broken step point measurement should be done.

The principle of total station broken step measurement is to use the total station to measure the azimuth angle and distance, and the total station automatically calculates the coordinate difference between the broken point and the measuring station three x and y, and adds the difference with the station coordinates x and y respectively to obtain the coordinates of the broken part. Measure the height difference h between the total station and the macro carrying point of the broken part, the elevation of the measuring station + the height difference h + the height of the instrument - the height of the prism = the elevation of the broken part point 1, and there are two known points that need to be measured or lofted by the total station.