What is the standard deviation of osteoporosis

According to the 2011 edition of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis 2011, the diagnostic criteria are as follows:

1.Fragility fractures occur.

2.Diagnosis based on bone mineral density: bone mineral density (BMD): Osteoporosis in patients with a T-score.

The diagnostic criteria for bone mineral mass in white women proposed by a research group of the World Health Organization are divided into four grades: normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis and severe osteoporosis; Bone mineral mass is normal within one standard deviation of the peak bone mass in normal young women, bone loss or low bone mass is between standard deviations, osteoporosis is less than one standard deviation, and severe osteoporosis is associated with fractures.

Osteoporosis, you first have to go to the hospital to identify your blood, and then check your urine, mainly to check the minerals and some special indicators in these two substances, so that you can roughly judge the metabolic age of your bone and his state, and then check your bone resorption indicators to see if there are any problems. Usually, you can supplement Jianli polyaminoglycochondroitin to improve osteoporosis and improve cartilage density.

Osteoporosis tests to be done:

1. Biochemical examination: the determination of blood and urine minerals and some biochemical indicators is helpful to judge the state of bone metabolism and the speed of bone renewal rate, which is of great significance for the differential diagnosis of osteoporosis.

1) Bone formation indicators.

2) Bone resorption index: 1) Urine hydroxyproline. 2) Urinary hydroxylysine glycosides. 3) Plasma resistance to tartrate hydrochloric acid phosphatase. 4) Collagen pyridine cross-linking (PYR) or type I collagen cross-linking N-terminal peptide (NTX) in urine.

3) Detection of bone mineral components in blood and urine: 1) Serum total calcium. 2) Serum inorganic phosphorus. 3) Serum magnesium. 4) Determination of urinary calcium, phosphorus and magnesium.

2 X-ray: X-ray is still a popular method to detect osteoporosis.

3 Bone mineral density measurement: (1) Single photon absorptiometry (SPA). 2) Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). 3) Quantitative CT (QCT). 4) Ultrasound (USA). yu

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease in which bone mass decreases, the microstructure of the bone is damaged, and the strength of the bone decreases, making it easy to fracture. Osteoporosis is divided into two categories, one is secondary osteoporosis, which is caused by a certain disease, such as hyperparathyroidism, poor renal function or some malignant tumors, adrenocorticosteroid hyperactivity, etc. Osteoporosis often said mainly refers to primary osteoporosis, which is more common in two categories, one is osteoporosis caused by a large loss of bone calcium caused by the decrease in estrogen levels in women after menopause, and the other is degenerative osteoporosis that occurs due to structural metabolic changes in bones after aging, and this type of osteoporosis occurs in the elderly over 70 years old.

Osteoporosis in young people is called idiopathic osteoporosis, and sometimes the cause is unknown.

The goal of osteoporosis is mainly to improve the growth and development of bones, promote the ideal peak bone mass in adulthood, maintain bone mass and bone quality, increase bone density, prevent bone loss due to aging, and avoid falls and fractures. Osteoporosis mainly includes basic measures, that is, adjusting lifestyle, from the aspects of nutrition, maintaining sufficient sunshine, and regular exercise.

In addition, supplementing calcium and vitamin D is also a basic need for osteoporosis prevention. Anti-osteoporotic drugs can mainly increase bone density, improve bone quality, and significantly reduce the risk of fractures. Anti-osteoporosis drugs also include bone resorption inhibition and bone formation inhibitors, and osteoporosis mainly includes exercise, physical factors, operations, and engineering.

You seem to have some osteoporosis, and for patients with suspected osteoporosis, only indirect signs can be used to make a preliminary diagnosis of the patient on plain x-rays.

1. Observe the condition of trabecular bones, if the trabecular bones are significantly reduced or arranged in a very disordered place, it indicates that the patient may have osteoporosis.

2. It is necessary to observe the general bone density of the patient, if there is a significant increase in bone transparency somewhere in the patient's bones, that is, ** looks slightly dark, indicating that the patient may have osteoporosis.

3. It is necessary to observe whether the patient has signs of pathological fracture, for example, if the patient has incomplete fracture or bone compression here, accompanied by the above two signs, it indicates that the patient has osteoporosis.

Patients with osteoporosis need to avoid foods high in calcium and oxalic acid, because when oxalic acid and calcium are combined, calcium oxalate is formed, which affects calcium absorption. Strong tea, coffee, foods that are too sweet or salty can also increase the loss of calcium, so avoid them.

Osteoporosis can be seen on X-rays, and the general manifestation is mainly osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is the reduction of the number of bone tissue, and the most common symptom of the spring is low back and leg pain, which can easily lead to compression and deformation of the spine, and the most common and serious complication is fracture. If the diagnosis of osteoporosis is confirmed, some laboratory tests such as blood calcium, phosphorus resistance, etc., are also needed to see whether it is primary osteoporosis or secondary osteoporosis.

Both osteopenia and osteoporosis indicate a lower than normal level of bone density (a measure of bone strength), and the difference between them is the degree of osteopenia — osteopenia is a gradual form but a reflection of bone condition. Kenneth Egol, an orthopedic surgeon at NYU Hospital in New York, says osteopenia is a precursor to osteoporosis and a trigger for fractures that continue to occur with age.

Our bones are constantly changing, and the old bone tissue is constantly replaced (resorpted and transformed) by the new bone tissue, a cyclical process called remodeling. Bone growth slows down with age, so it's normal for bone mass to decrease with age. During menopause, osteopenia occurs due to a rapid decline in estrogen (estrogen protects bones).

Other risk factors include calcium and vitamin D deficiency, smoking and drinking, and steroid disease.

Osteopenia or osteoporosis may not have any symptoms at first, but it can be resolved when the level of bone loss is high. The National Osteoporosis Society (NOF) recommends that women have a bone density test or BMD test at age 70 for women at age 65 and men at age 70. If there are other risk factors for osteoporosis, your doctor will advise you accordingly.

The BMD test uses a dose of radiation to measure the mineral content of the bones, and the results are given using a T-score, with higher T-scores indicating greater bone density. The World Health Organization defines a t-score greater than -1 as normal, between -1 and osteopenia, and below as osteoporosis. An individual's bone mineral density can be referred to the T-score standard (i.e., z-score) for their age group to refer to whether they have osteopenia at their age.

NOF estimates that more than 10 million U.S. adults over the age of 50 have osteoporosis and 10 million have osteoporosis, said NOF CEO Amy Porter. An estimated two million cases of fractures or bone diseases caused by this cause require care each year. Osteoporosis** includes two parts: accelerating bone turnover and reducing bone loss.

Mild osteoporosis does not need **, but exercise, calcium and vitamin D intake are beneficial to bone density, and you can consult your doctor about the ** method that suits you.