Who designed the gardener. Who is the designer of the Old Summer Palace?

The chief designer of the Old Summer Palace was Yongzheng, and his construction drawings were all made of Chinese gongbi techniques, which now cannot be used as architectural drawings in any way. But at that time in China, there was a family surnamed Lei, a very famous architectural family, the head of the family Lei Jinyu once because of the Forbidden City after the fire, with its amazing memory of the original appearance of the restored burned palace, Yongzheng fancied, upgraded to the chief engineer of the royal building. It was under his leadership that the Old Summer Palace was first made of materials such as clay and wood according to the architectural drawings drawn by Gongbi.

In the process of making the model, they will submit each scene to Yongzheng for review, and after his correction and modification, the architectural model of the entire Old Summer Palace is completed, and its real buildings are based on these models as prototypes, and the scale is expanded to complete. The Western architecture of the Old Summer Palace was designed and built in the Qianlong era, its chief designer was Qianlong, and the chief architect and chief designer was the imperial painter at that time--- Italian missionary Lang Shining. Based on his memories of European architecture when he was young, he designed the Western architecture complex of the Old Summer Palace and undertook the task of general engineering guidance.

A lot of people have designed it. Emperor Yongzheng. In 1723, when the Old Summer Palace was expanded, a special design institution was set up, the Ruyi Pavilion, which was the Royal Academy of Painting at that time.

Lei Jinyu's name is Lei Jinyu, and he is building Zibai

When the city was forbidden, it was looked at by Kangxi, but in the actual construction, most of them were still the emperor's opinion, whether it was Dao Kangxi, Yongzheng or Qianlong, they were all personally guided, so Lei Jinyu was extremely happy. And created the model method of "hot plate". But it was destroyed by Xianfeng. Seek adoption.

The Old Summer Palace lasted 150 years to build, not a single person, most of which are Jiangnan garden characteristics, designed and built by Jiangnan craftsmen, and the western building part is designed and guided by Western missionary Tulang Shining, Jiang Youren, Wang Zhicheng, etc., and built by Chinese craftsmen.

China Spring and Autumn Yancheng Tourist Area is located in the central urban area of Wujin District, Changzhou City, the core part of the scenic spot - the Spring and Autumn Yancheng Ruins Cave Mu, covering an area of 300 hectares, has a history of more than 2,500 years, and is confirmed by archaeology to be built in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 1988, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit, and has been included in the preliminary list of world cultural heritage by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. It is the most complete and oldest ground city site with cherry blossoms preserved in the Spring and Autumn Period of our country.

Since 2003, it has been organized by Wujin District, Changzhou City, designed by Xia Yan Group, and together with well-known experts in the country after several years, after several program demonstrations and modifications, the overall plan for the protection and utilization of Yancheng Ruins Tourism Area was finally determined. Based on the original ecological protection in the city, the protection and development outside the city will build Yancheng into a tourist area of "one heart, one ring and five districts". The plan establishes five functional areas:

Yancheng Ruins Park, Cultural Commercial Street, Wildlife World, Spring and Autumn Cultural Park, Tourism and Leisure Real Estate Area. At present, the protection planning of Yancheng Ruins Park, the construction of cultural commercial street and wildlife park have been completed, and it has been officially opened to the public.

The designer is Mr. Feng Dongqing, a well-known expert in ancient architectural design. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, he was born in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province in December 1955 and graduated from the Department of History of Shandong University, majoring in cultural relics management. He has successively served as the director of the design office and the director of the design department of the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Ancient Building Protection.

Librarian, National Registered Architect. He has been engaged in the planning and design of ancient buildings for more than 30 years, and has participated in or presided over the planning and survey of ancient buildings (cultural relics) and antique buildings. Designer Feng Dongqing presided over the renovation and new design, scheme design of more than 40 cultural relics and antique buildings, a total of more than 60 places.

The project was designed from March 2006 to July 2008.

The designer of the Forbidden City was Kuaixiang (1397-1481, the name Tingrui, a native of Suzhou). The Forbidden City in Beijing was built by Emperor Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty.

Kuaixiang was a Chinese Ming Dynasty architect. Born in the first year of Ming Huizong Zhu Yunwen Jianwen, died in the 12th year of Ming Xianzong Zhu Jianshen Chenghua. He is a native of Yufan Village, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province (now Suzhou, Jiangsu).

The hereditary craftsman, Kuaixiang's father Kuaifu, with superb skills, was selected by the Ming Dynasty to enter the Beijing Division, and became the "carpenter head" in charge of the construction of the palace. Kuaixiang learned art with his father since he was a child, and after Kuaifu returned to his hometown, his son has become famous in carpentry skills and construction design, and inherited his father's business, serving as the "carpentry chief", and later serving as a waiter in the Ministry of Works.

He has participated in or presided over a number of major royal projects, and served as the left waiter of the Ministry of Works in the seventh year of Jingtai (1456). The main projects responsible for the construction of the Beijing Imperial Palace (1417), the first three halls of the Imperial Palace, the Changling Tomb (1413), the Xianling Tomb (1425), the Longfu Temple (1425), the Beijing Xiyuan (now Beihai, Zhonghai, Nanhai) Temple (1460), Yuling (1464) and so on.

There are three theories about the designers of the Forbidden City, one is Kuai Xiang, one is Cai Xin, and the other is Yang Qing.

First: According to the most widely circulated theory, the Forbidden City was designed by an outstanding craftsman in the Ming Dynasty, whose surname was Kuai. He was born in the 31st year of Hongwu (1398) and died in the 17th year of Chenghua (1481), a native of Xiangshan, Wu County, Suzhou (now Wu County, Jiangsu Province).

At that time, there was a Xiangshan Gang among the craftsmen who entered Beijing, all of whom were from Xiangshan in Wu County or their disciples. They are often skilled in carpentry, and there are many excellent plasterers, lacquerers, stonemasons, plasterers, sculptors, and painters. Kuaixiang is the leader of the Xiangshan Gang of craftsmen.

Kuaixiang later served as the left waiter of the Ministry of Works.

Second: the designer is the little-known Cai Xin. Cai Xin was a native of Wujin (present-day Wujin, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province), and his date of birth is now unverifiable, when Zhu Di handed over the task of building the palace to Song Li, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry.

To build the palace, you have to have drawings first, and Song Li found Cai Xin and asked him to design it. Song Li looked at the design drawings and was very satisfied! The new imperial city moved slightly southward compared to the Yuan Dynasty; The major palaces, according to the central axis, the left ancestors and the right society, are very regular; He also dug the South China Sea and piled up Jingshan.

The whole design is square and steady, symbolizing the long-term peace and stability of the Ming Dynasty.

Third: The designer of the Forbidden City should be Yang Qing. But he left even less information, only known as a bricklayer, and it is said that even the name Yang Qing was given by Zhu Di.

Fourth: There are also people who synthesize the above statements and think that when the Forbidden City was first built, Cai Xin and Yang Qing played a great role. However, at that time, the two were very old, so after Kuaixiang entered Beijing, because he was young and strong, participated in the design and construction of the Nanjing Palace, and was good at calculation and painting, so the main design and construction work was completed by him, and his status and role were highlighted.

The designer of the Forbidden City is Kuaixiang.

The Forbidden City covers an area of 780,000 square meters, mobilizes 300,000 migrant workers, has built a total of 14 years, has 9,999 and a half houses, the main buildings are the Taihe Palace, the Zhonghe Hall and the Baohe Palace, the Baohe Hall is also the place where the imperial examination is held, and the one to three places in the palace examination are called champions, Bangyan, and Tanhua respectively.

It is the Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhu Di was built, the designer Kuaixiang (1397-1481, the word Tingrui, Suzhou), covers an area of 780,000 square meters, with 300,000 migrant workers, built for 14 years, there are 9999 and a half houses, the main building is the Taihe Palace, the Zhonghe Hall and the Baohe Palace, the Baohe Hall is also the place where the imperial examination is held, the first to three places in the palace examination are called champions, Bangyan, Tanhua.

The designer of the Forbidden City, Kuaixiang.

The Forbidden City is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties of China, formerly known as the Forbidden City, located in the center of Beijing's central axis, and is the essence of ancient Chinese court architecture. The Forbidden City in Beijing is centered on the three major halls, covering an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about 150,000 square meters, more than 70 large and small palaces and more than 9,000 houses. It is one of the largest and most well-preserved wooden structures in the world.

The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle (1406) of Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, and was built on the basis of the Nanjing Forbidden City, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420). It is a rectangular castle with a length of 961 meters from north to south and a width of 753 meters from east to west, surrounded by a wall 10 meters high on all sides, and a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city. The buildings in the Forbidden City are divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court.

The center of the outer dynasty is the Taihe Palace, the Zhonghe Palace, and the Baohe Palace, collectively referred to as the three major halls, which are the places where the state holds big ceremonies. The center of the inner court is the Qianqing Palace, the Jiaotai Palace, and the Kunning Palace, collectively known as the Hou Three Palaces, which are the main palaces where the emperor and empress live.

The Forbidden City of Beijing was built in the fifth year of Yongle (1404 A.D. 1424) and was built in the fifteenth to eighteenth years of Yongle. The entire construction project was supervised by the Marquis Chen Gui, and the specific responsibility was the planner Wu Zhong. From the fifth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1407 AD), Ming Chengzu concentrated the craftsmen of the whole country and recruited them.

2. 300,000 civilian workers and military workers, after 14 years, built this large-scale palace group. After the Qing Dynasty continued to use, only part of it was rebuilt and rebuilt, and the overall layout basically did not change.

The builder Kuaixiang and his Xiangshan Gang craftsmen The Forbidden City in Beijing was built collectively by Kuaixiang and the Xiangshan Gang craftsmen led by Kuaixiang. Kuaixiang played the role of "Luban" and was the chief designer. Kuaixiang is a native of Yufan Village, Xiangshan, Suzhou.

Born in 1398, died in 1481. Xiangshan is the name of the mountain and the name of the place, which now belongs to Xukou Town, Suzhou. Xiangshan is the remnant vein of Qionglong Mountain, the "first peak in Wuzhong".

It is only 120 meters high, although it is small, but it is located in an elegant place, the scenery is charming, and it is quite shaped. Led by carpenters, the Xiangshan Gang is a group of construction craftsmen who integrate all types of work in classical architecture, such as carpenters, plasterers, stonemasons, lacquer craftsmen, plasterers, sculptors, stackers, and painters. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Kuaixiang designed and built the Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square, Wumen Gate and the Two Palaces in Beijing.

During the orthodox period of the Ming Dynasty, he led the reconstruction of the three major halls, the five mansions, the six ministries and the construction of the imperial garden. Most of the construction of the Chinese Wuzhu Division in the capital was also made by him. He laid the foundation of the palace buildings of the Ming and Qing dynasties, so on the bird's-eye view of the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty, the image of Kuaixiang was painted on it.

Who designed the Forbidden City is still a historical mystery.

The main designers of the Forbidden City in Beijing were Lei Mingjiang, a craftsman from Jiangxi in the Ming Dynasty, and Kuaixiang, a carpenter from Wu County, Suzhou.

A bit much, including Zhuang Jun and Murphy.

The design scheme of the school gate of Tsinghua Park was proposed by Zhuang Jun, a famous Chinese architect, a well-known alumnus of the former Tangshan Road Mining School (then Tangshan School of Engineering, now Southwest Jiaotong University), and a Chinese designer. So it should be said that the designers of this school gate are Zhuang Jun and Murphy.

Feishi (was the contractor of the Tsinghua Academy's campus construction project, which included the school gate built in 1933 (now known as the "second gate" of Tsinghua University).

What does this design mean? Is it campus design or major? Or is it the school badge?

Anyway, I know that the designer of the second school gate is Fisch.