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Hello, the high degree of monopoly is easy to make the organization form a market-oriented business idea, and the direct impact of the concentrated development of production is to make the enterprises in the industry bigger and stronger production capacity. Excessive concentration can make it much larger than other companies. When it's large enough, there are bound to be some advantages.
Compared with other smaller enterprises, he has enough funds to conduct research on improving technology and reducing costs; At the same time, he can eliminate small businesses by cutting prices, so as to seize a larger market share and expand the scale. Due to its large scale and sufficient capital, it is enough to eliminate most of the enterprises in the industry. After the elimination of all enterprises, a monopoly is formed.
Extended information: 1. In the capitalist economy, monopoly refers to the manipulation and control of the production, sales and control of one or several sectors of commodities by a small number of large capitalist enterprises through mutual negotiation or association, in order to obtain high profits. Combined with the provisions of China's Anti-Monopoly Law, monopolistic behavior refers to acts that eliminate or restrict competition and acts that may eliminate or restrict competition.
A monopoly industry is a situation in which there are only one or a few manufacturers in an industry or market. A monopoly market is the organization of a market in which there are only one or a few manufacturers in the entire industry.
2. According to the works of political economy, a small number of capitalist enterprises manipulate and control the production or circulation of commodities in one or several sectors through agreements, alliances, alliances, equity participation, etc., and obtain high profits by virtue of the huge amount of capital under their control, sufficient production and business scale and market share. It is generally believed that the root cause of monopoly is the barrier to entry, i.e., the monopoly manufacturer can maintain its position as the sole seller in the market because other enterprises cannot enter the market and compete with it.
3. It is an indisputable conclusion that monopoly will stifle innovation. Since mankind entered the industrial age, people have found that monopolies will do everything possible to delay the occurrence of innovation and hinder human progress. Innovation will break the original resource allocation and make enterprises spend more costs; Moreover, innovation will break the original market competition pattern, and new competitors will emerge that monopolies dislike the most.
Originally, those monopolies could lie down and make money comfortably. Now that they are forced to change, their profit margins will be lost for some time.
4. Monopoly will lead to the formation of a so-called oligopoly, which will set the market in a unified manner, and will not sue each other, and eventually conspire to seek monopoly profits. This can be done in both the takeaway and delivery sectors. No matter what customers and businesses choose, they will fall into a monopoly trap.
In the end, new technologies, new business models, new manufacturers, and new enterprises cannot survive, and the whole society and market are becoming more and more like a pool of stagnant water
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The direct impact of the concentrated development of production is to make a certain company in the industry sit large and strengthen its production capacity, and excessive concentration will make its scale much larger than that of other companies, and when its scale is large enough, it will inevitably produce some advantages. Relative to other smaller enterprises, he has enough capital to carry out research such as improving technology, reducing costs, etc.; At the same time, he can make the small enterprises in the department out of the market in a way that reduces the **, so as to grasp a larger market share.
And then scale.
Due to its huge scale and sufficient funds, it is enough to eliminate most of the enterprises in the industry, and after he has eliminated all the enterprises, the monopoly is formed.
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The main reasons for the formation and emergence of monopoly markets are as follows:
1. The trend of production development;
2. Requirements for economies of scale;
3. Requirements for the development of natural monopoly industries;
4. The need to protect patents;
5. Natural restrictions on entry;
6. Restrictions on entry laws.
Monopolies. The main forms are as follows:
1. Cartels.
Enterprises that produce similar goods in order to monopolize the market and earn high monopoly profits;
2. Syndicate.
Monopoly organizations established by the production of similar commodities and major enterprises, in order to sell commodities and purchase raw materials at low prices, through the signing of agreements on joint sales of commodities and procurement of raw materials;
3. Trusts.
Consisting of a consortium of many large enterprises that produce or are closely related to the same kind of goods, the enterprises participating in the trust are no longer independent production and business units in production, commerce and law.
The Board of Directors of the Trust and its appointed managers are responsible for the unification of all business activities;
4, Kang Caien.
A monopoly organization formed by the union of many large enterprises in different sectors of the economy.
Complete monopoly of the market.
It refers to a market structure in which there is only one supplier and many demanders in the market. There are three assumptions for a complete monopoly of the market:
1. There is only one manufacturer in the market that produces and sells goods;
2. The goods produced by the manufacturer do not have any close substitutes;
3. It is extremely difficult or impossible for the rest of the manufacturers to enter the industry, so monopoly manufacturers can control and manipulate the market**.
A monopoly is a market structure in which only one company (or seller) trades a product or service in an industry. It is generally divided into seller monopoly and buyer monopoly. Seller's monopoly refers to the fact that the sole seller faces competitive consumers in one or more markets, through one or more stages; Buyer monopolies are the opposite.
The theory infers that the monopolist can adjust the output according to the needs of his own interests in the market, but there is no exact case to support it.
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1) Monopoly arises from free competition. Free competition will inevitably lead to the concentration of production and capital per mu, and when the concentration of production and capital of the Shengxun clan develops to a certain extent, it will naturally lead to monopoly. (2) Monopoly is mainly achieved through certain monopoly organizations.
With the further concentration of production and capital and the strengthening of monopoly power, monopoly organizations have gradually developed, standardized, and perfected. The more important forms of monopoly organization are: cartels, syndicates, trusts, and conzens.
In the second half of the 20th century, the form of monopoly organization developed considerably, and the main feature was the rise of mixed conglomerates.
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Cartels, syndicates, trusts, and conzein are the four main forms of monopoly organizations.
Cartel. Cartel, which is a company that produces similar goods in order to monopolize the market and earn high monopoly profits. Monopolies formed by entering into various agreements (e.g., dividing sales areas, stipulating the output of goods, determining sales**, etc.).
Enterprises participating in cartels are bound by the agreements they have made, but they remain productively, commercially and legally independent. The cartel was only a rudimentary form of monopoly, which first appeared in Germany in 1865.
There are three types of cartels:
cartels that divide sales markets;
cartels that provide for a uniform **;
Cartels that stipulate the scale of production.
Syndicate. Syndicate, it is a monopoly organization established by the production of similar goods and major enterprises, in order to sell goods and purchase raw materials at low prices, through the signing of agreements on the joint sale of goods and the purchase of raw materials. The enterprises participating in the syndicate have retained their operational and legal independence, but have lost their commercial independence.
This form was more popular in Western Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Trust. A trust, which is formed by a combination of many large enterprises that produce or are closely related to the same kind of goods, and the enterprises participating in the trust are no longer independent production and business units in production, commerce and law, and the trust organizes the board of directors and its appointed managers to unify all business activities. It is a relatively stable and advanced form of monopoly organization.
This form of monopoly organization first emerged in the United States in 1882 and developed rapidly in the early 20th century.
Concern. Conzeen is a monopoly organization formed by the union of many large enterprises in different sectors of the economy. There are not only individual enterprises but also other monopolies such as syndicates and trusts; There are industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises, transportation enterprises, banks and insurance companies, etc.
The largest of these, banks or corporations, are at the heart of this large and complex organization. The most obvious manifestation of the combination of financial institutions and industry in a monopoly market is the characteristic of Kang Zeen.
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Broken organization refers to the association of large enterprises that occupy a monopoly position in one or several sectors of the capitalist economy. The essence of a monopoly organization is to obtain high monopoly profits. Forms of monopolistic organizations include:
1) Short-term** agreements – the easiest.
It refers to the oral or written use of large enterprises to make common provisions on the ** of a certain type of commodities in order to control the market and obtain monopoly profits.
2) Cartels.
It is an alliance formed by an enterprise that produces or sells a certain similar commodity through an agreement on the commodity, production and sales.
3) Syndicate.
It is a group of large enterprises in the same production sector that form a monopoly alliance in order to jointly purchase raw materials and sell goods.
4) Trust – one of the advanced forms.
It is a large monopoly group formed by the association of many enterprises that produce similar goods or have close connections in production.
5) Conzen – a more complex and advanced form.
It is a monopoly group formed through cross-departmental and cross-industry alliances with one or two large enterprises or large banks with the strongest strength as the core.
6) Mixed conglomerates.
It is a new type of cross-departmental monopoly organization that adopts diversified business modes.
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The concentration of production at a certain stage will inevitably lead to monopoly. First, the increasing concentration of production makes monopoly possible. Secondly, the concentration of production also makes monopoly necessary and inevitable
First, the concentration of production has led to the expansion of the scale of enterprises and the rapid expansion of the production capacity of large enterprises. In order to maintain and expand profits, it is necessary for large enterprises to form monopolies and divide market shares in order to regulate production. Second, the concentration of production has made large enterprises huge in scale and abundant in capital, and this has constituted a relatively high barrier to entry for small and medium-sized enterprises to enter the field of production and operation of large enterprises, restricted free competition, and gradually formed a pattern of oligopoly by a small number of large enterprises.
Third, a small number of large enterprises are evenly matched, and in order to avoid the disastrous consequences of excessive competition that will cause both sides to lose, they will inevitably seek some kind of compromise and reach a monopoly agreement.
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First, this statement is correct, the economic monopoly is indeed the monopoly behavior of the market operator in the economic behavior, so we must go to our own.
2. Economic Monopoly:
1) Connotation: Economic monopoly or economic monopoly is the behavior of eliminating and restricting competition by operators or a consortium of operators in economics who abuse their economic advantage or market dominance (including joint advantage) in order to obtain monopoly profits.
b) Features: 1The subject of economic monopoly can only be the market entity.
Market entities refer to social organizations and individuals that participate in the field of commodity production or circulation in accordance with the law. Market entities are the basic components of the market, and there is no market without them; There can be no market economy without a market. Monopoly is the product of the development of the market economy to a certain stage, and the monopoly is formed and developed precisely in the life and death of the main body of the market, which determines that the economic monopoly should first of all be the monopoly of the main body of the market.
All non-market entities, whether they are first-class institutions or public institutions, exclude, restrict or hinder market competition, do not belong to the category of economic monopoly.
2.The basis of economic monopoly is that the monopoly subject has considerable economic advantages.
The economic advantage mentioned here includes both absolute and relative advantages. The former is such as the advantage of a product provided by one or a very small number of enterprises; The latter is such as one party taking advantage of the weakness of the other party to force it to accept its own conditions that restrict competition, and so on. There are many ways to form economic advantage, mainly through competition, joint organization and collusion.
Generally speaking, market players without economic advantages cannot form economic monopolies, and on the contrary, they may become victims of monopolies. It can be considered that economic superiority is the economic basis for the formation of economic monopolies.
3.Economic monopolies are manifested in the exclusion and restriction of competition.
The manifestation of economic monopoly obviously has the characteristics of rejecting, restricting or hindering market competition, suppressing or depriving other market entities of their right to compete, and this manifestation is precisely the general characteristic of monopoly in economics.
4.The purpose of economic monopoly is to obtain monopoly profits.
Seeking profits is the fundamental driving force and ultimate goal of market entities engaged in production and operation, and is also the source of power for market competition and monopoly. When monopoly has already emerged in real economic life, no matter what means the monopolist uses to restrict, exclude or hinder market competition, its purpose is to consolidate its market position and realize monopoly profits. If the profit (interest) mechanism is the general internal economic basis for competition, then the pursuit of high monopoly profits is the direct internal economic basis for the formation of monopoly.
It should be noted that the enjoyers of monopoly profits can only be individual or a small number of monopolists in the main body of the market, so it does not represent the interests of **, local or departmental, which is significantly different from the administrative monopoly in China's social and economic life.
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