What new developments did Mencius s new thought have in the Han Dynasty?

Mencius's thought advocated the theory of people-orientedness, benevolent government, education, and sexual goodness.

1. People-oriented thought: According to the experience of the Warring States Period, Mencius summarized the laws of the rise and fall of various countries, and put forward the famous thesis: "The people are precious, the society is secondary, and the monarch is light". He believes that the question of how to deal with the people is of extreme importance to the rise and fall of the country.

2. The doctrine of benevolence: Mencius inherited and developed Confucius's idea of rule by virtue, which developed into the doctrine of benevolence and became the core of his political thought. Mencius's political theory is a royal road with benevolent government as its content, and its essence is to serve the feudal ruling class.

3. Mencius's educational thought is also the inheritance and play of Confucius's educational thought of "education without class." They all see EFA as both a means and an end in their benevolent governance.

On the one hand, it advocates "setting up a school to teach" to strengthen school education; On the other hand, those in power are required to take the lead in setting an example. Mencius's main philosophical thought is his "Theory of Sexual Goodness", which is the theoretical basis for Mencius's discussion of life and politics, and is a central link in his ideological system.

Mencius's philosophical thoughts:

The highest category of Mencius's philosophical thought is heaven. Mencius inherited Confucius's idea of the Mandate of Heaven, eliminated the residual meaning of personality and deity, and imagined Heaven as a spiritual entity with moral attributes.

He said, "Those who are sincere, the way of heaven is also." Mencius defined the moral concept of sincerity as the essential attribute of heaven, and believed that heaven is the origin of the inherent moral concept of human nature. Mencius's system of thought, including his political and ethical thoughts, was based on the category of heaven.

Mencius believed that heaven is the supreme and has a will, and that the change of dynasties, the transposition of kings, the rise and fall of existence, wealth and poverty, are all determined by the mandate of heaven. People must obey the heavens, "those who follow the heavens prosper, and those who go against the heavens perish", and the will of heaven is irresistible. He stood on the opposite side of materialist reflectionism, denying that human thought is a reflection of social existence, and believed that human beings are born with the germ of innate goodness.

1. "The official of the heart thinks about it", emphasizing the importance of thinking. "Meng Companion Clan: Confession of the Son" said: "The official of the ears and eyes does not think, but hides in things, and objects hand over things, and they are just introduced."

The official of the heart thinks, thinks about it, and gets it, and if you don't think about it, you can't. Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty refined this as "doing success in thinking and destroying with it".

2. "If things are not even, the feelings of things are also", pay attention to the particularity of things, and emphasize the specific analysis of specific problems. "Harmony without difference" opposes the obliteration of the absolute unity of differences, and advocates paying attention to the connection with universality on the basis of attaching importance to particularity. "The unevenness of things, the feelings of things" further emphasizes the development of Mencius's idea of "harmony but difference" from the particularity.

3. "People do not do something, and then they can do something", emphasizing the correct handling of the relationship between "not doing" and "doing". In "Mencius: Lilouxia", it is said: "People do not do anything, and then they can do something."

Here is a dialectical relationship between "not doing" and "doing", and only by not doing something in some things can we make a difference in other things. Mencius's understanding of the relationship between "his wild and leaden" and "self-doing" shows that "it is easy to do things" in order to achieve good comparative benefits, and it also contains the understanding that only by doing something can we praise and do something.

1. People-oriented thought: Based on the work experience of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Mencius summarized the regularity of the rise and fall of chaos in various countries in the world, and clearly put forward the well-known viewpoint: "The people are precious, and the monarch of the society is secondary."

I feel that the difficult problem of how to treat the common people is extremely necessary for the rise and fall of chaos in our country.

2. The Theory of Benevolence: Mencius inherited and advanced Confucius's concept of rule by virtue, and the development trend became the theory of benevolence, which became the key to his ideology and politics. Mencius's political theory is the key to taking benevolent government as the main content, and its essence is to serve the exploiting class in feudal society.

3. Mencius's educational thought is also the possession and full play of Confucius's educational thought of "teaching and learning from each other". They all see Education for All as a means and a goal for benevolent governance. On the one hand, it is believed that "setting up a school to teach it" will improve the moral education of the school; On the other hand, it is stipulated that those in power should lead by example and lead by example.

4. Mencius's key philosophical theory is his "Theory of Sexual Goodness", which is the conceptual basis for Mencius to talk about life and peaceful negotiation and political management, and is an important link in his theoretical system.

Mencius advocated that the people were noble and the monarch was light, and the emperor was not good, so he should be replaced by another one.

Mencius's thought advocates: "The people are precious."

The society is secondary, and the king is light". dao

The ten contemplative propositions in the question should be for this cross).

It means that the people come first, the country comes second, and the king comes last. Mencius believed that the monarch should give priority to caring for the people, and that those who are in power should protect the rights of the people. Mencius agreed that the people had the right to overthrow the monarch if he was unreasonable.

1. Mencius advocated the theory of goodness in human nature.

2. In terms of social and political views, Mencius highlighted the theory of benevolent government and royal way.

3. In terms of values, he emphasized self-sacrifice.

The core of Mencius's thought and its influence on later generations on this issue, I think.