How to convert sunlight energy into electricity

One imagines that it is possible to directly turn sunlight into electricity for our use?

After long-term research by scientists, the world's first photocell was successfully developed in 1954. The establishment of the theory of photoelectric effect and the advent of semiconductor materials have promoted the research and development of solar cells. At present, the most common is silicon solar cells.

Compared with other cells, the structure of silicon solar cells is simple, the main part is a thin silicon wafer like paper, which is evenly mixed with some boron elements on one side and some phosphorus elements on the other side, and then installed cells on both sides of these thin silicon wafers, so as to create a silicon solar cell.

When irradiated by sunlight, an electromotive force is generated between the two electrodes, and when the electrical appliance is connected, the electrical appliance can be supplied with electricity.

Silicon solar cells do not require fuel, nor do they need bulky and complex equipment, they are small and convenient, and it is easy to convert about 15% of the sunlight energy on them into electricity, it should be said that solar cells are a very ideal power source.

In daily life, some of the electronic combinators used by students use photocells as power sources. As long as there is enough light, the combinator works and does not need to change the battery regularly.

Solar cells have been applied to artificial earth satellites, directly using sunlight energy in space to obtain electricity and provide energy for various instruments and meters.

The widespread direct use of solar energy into electricity, so that clean, convenient and durable solar cells can enter home life, will definitely become a reality in the near future.

Principle of solar cell power generation:

A solar cell is a device that responds to light and converts light energy into electricity. There are many kinds of materials that can produce photovoltaic effects, such as: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, selenium, indium copper, etc.

The principle of their power generation is basically the same, and the process of light generation is described by crystal as an example. p-type crystalline silicon can be doped with phosphorus to obtain n-type silicon to form p-n junction.

When light hits the surface of a solar cell, a portion of the photons are absorbed by the silicon material; The energy of the photons is transferred to the silicon atoms, so that the electrons undergo a migration, becoming free electrons and accumulating on both sides of the p n junction to form a potential difference, when the external circuit is turned on, under the action of this voltage, there will be a current flowing through the external circuit to produce a certain output power. The essence of this process is the process of converting photon energy into electrical energy.

The manufacturing process of crystalline silicon solar cells:

Silicon "is one of the most abundant materials on our planet." Ever since scientists discovered the semiconductor properties of crystalline silicon in the 19th century, it has changed almost everything, even the human mind. At the end of the 20th century, we can see the figure and role of "silicon" everywhere in our lives, and crystalline silicon solar cells have formed the fastest industrialization in the past 15 years.

The production process can be roughly divided into five steps: a, purification process b, rod pulling process c, slicing process d, battery making process e, packaging process.

Applications of Solar Cells:

In the 60s of the last century, scientists have applied solar cells to space technology - communication satellite power supply, at the end of the last century, in the process of continuous self-reflection of human beings, photovoltaic power generation has become more and more intimate for such a clean and direct form of energy, not only in space applications, but also in many fields. Such as: solar garden lights, solar power household systems, independent systems for village power supply, photovoltaic water pumps (drinking water or irrigation), communication power supplies, cathodic protection of oil pipelines, power supplies for optical cable communication pumping stations, seawater desalination systems, road signs in towns, highway road signs, etc.

Advanced countries such as Europe and the United States have incorporated photovoltaic power generation into the urban power system and the power supply system of natural villages in remote areas into the development direction. The combination of solar cells and building systems has formed an industrialization trend.

Use solar panels hehe.

Solar panel. It can directly convert heat energy into electrical energy.

There are two ways of solar power generation, one is the light-heat-electricity conversion mode, and the other is the light-electricity direct conversion mode.

1) Light-heat-electricity conversion by using solar radiation.

The generated heat energy is generally generated by a solar collector that converts the absorbed heat energy into steam of the working fluid, and then drives a steam turbine to generate electricity. The former process is the light-heat conversion process; The latter process is the thermal-electric conversion process.

2) The direct optical-electrical conversion method is the use of the photoelectric effect.

The solar radiation energy is directly converted into electrical energy, and the basic device for light-to-electricity conversion is the solar cell.

According to the technology known so far, there are only solar photovoltaic panels.

It can directly convert the radiant heat of the sun into electricity. Thermoelectric conversion materials directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy, which is an all-solid-state energy conversion method that does not require chemical reactions.

or fluid medium, so it has the advantages of no noise, no wear, no medium leakage, small size, light weight, easy to move, long service life in the process of power generation, and has an "irreplaceable" status in special applications such as military batteries, long-range space detectors, long-distance communication and navigation, and microelectronics.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: Calendar width circle:

Why can solar cells convert the sun into electricity?

Thank you! Analysis:

A beam of light on a segment of a semiconductor has a very different effect than on a metal or insulator. Because there are so many free electrons in metals, the change in conductivity caused by light is completely negligible. The insulator still fails to excite more electrons to participate in the conduction at very high temperatures.

The conductivity of the semiconductor between the metal and the insulator is much less than that of the insulator, and the photon energy of visible light can excite it from the bound to the free conductive state, which is the photoelectric effect of the semiconductor. When there is an electric field in the local area of the semiconductor, the photogenerated carriers will accumulate, which is very different from when there is no electric field, and the two sides of the electric field will generate photoelectric voltage due to the accumulation of charges, which is the photogenerated volt effect, referred to as the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are made using this effect.

When sunlight hits a semiconductor, part of it is reflected off by the surface, and the rest is absorbed or transmitted by the semiconductor. Of course, some of the absorbed light becomes heat, and some photons collide with the valence electrons of the atoms that make up the semiconductor, resulting in electron-hole pairs. In this way, the light energy is converted into electrical energy in the form of generating electron-hole pairs, and if there is a p-n junction in the semiconductor, a barrier electric field is formed on both sides of the p-type and n-type interface, which can drive the electrons to the n-region and the holes to the p-region, so that there are excess electrons in the n-region and excess holes in the p-region, and an electric field of light is formed near the p-n junction in the opposite direction of the barrier electric field.

In addition to counteracting the barrier electric field, a part of the photogenerated electric field also causes the p-type layer to be positively charged and the n-type layer negatively charged, resulting in the so-called photogenerated volcanic electromotive force collapse in the thin layer between the n-region and the p-region. If metal leads are soldered on the p-type layer and n-type layer respectively and the load is turned on, the external circuit will have current passing through. In this way, the battery elements formed in series, in series, in parallel, can generate a certain voltage and current, output power.

Solar energy can be converted into ().

a.The wind serves the mountain late.

b.Nuclear energy. c.Tidal energy.

d.Biology Lao Li Neng.

Correct Answer: Vigo ACD

Solar energy converts light energy into electricity.

Solar energy refers to the collection of sunlight and its conversion into other forms of energy. One of the most common ways is to convert solar energy into electricity. When photons pass through solar panels, they produce electrons and convert their energy into electricity.

This is known as the photovoltaic effect. Solar panels are typically composed of multiple layers of silicon or other semiconductor materials that are able to capture the sun's energy and produce electrons. The electrons then produce electricity through the movement of electrical conductors in the solar panels.

The range of applications for solar energy is very wide. In addition to generating electricity, it can also be used to heat water and air. Solar water heaters convert the heat captured by the solar collector into thermal energy capable of heating the water.

Solar air heaters use solar collectors to heat the air to provide warm air**. Solar energy can also be used to generate electricity in power plants. These Tongsui power plants are typically located in sunny areas, such as the outback of Saudi Arabia and Australia.

With the continuous development of solar energy technology, its application has become more and more extensive. In the future, as technology advances, solar energy will be able to capture the sun's energy more efficiently and solar panels will be produced more cheaply. Doing so will make solar energy an even more important form of energy in the future.

In addition, the application of solar energy will further increase, such as smart homes, electric vehicles, and many more. Therefore, we can foresee that the application of solar energy is very promising, and it will become more and more popular in the future. <>

Fundamentally, there are three ways:

1. Light heats the semiconductor, so that the electronic activity increases, enters the other side of the PN junction, and forms a potential difference to generate electrical energy, such as solar cells;

2. A certain frequency of light wave irradiation makes the electron migration orbit fly out, and collects electrons to obtain electrical energy, such as laser, microwave and some photoelectric conversion devices;

3. First change into heat energy, then change into steam kinetic energy, and then use it to generate electricity.

Fundamentally, there are three ways:

1. Optical rental and heating semiconductors increase the electronic activity, enter the other side of the PN junction, and form an electric potential difference to generate electrical energy, such as a solar cell;

2. A certain frequency of light wave irradiation makes the electron migration orbit fly out, and the disadvantage is to collect electrons to obtain electrical energy, such as laser, microwave and some photoelectric conversion devices;

3. First change into heat energy, then change into steam kinetic energy, and then use it to generate electricity.

Solar cells convert light energy into electricity.

A solar cell is a device that converts light energy into electricity. It is generally used in photovoltaic power stations and places where power supply is inconvenient; For example: solar street lights, garden lighting, solar signal lights, outdoor meteorological monitoring, geological monitoring, reservoir water conservancy monitoring, small base stations, etc.

Solar cells are generally not used alone, and need to be equipped with photovoltaic controllers and batteries to form a set of solar power sources.

Solar panels are the most central part of a solar photovoltaic power generation system, converting solar energy into electricity, usually using monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon panels. Single-bridge crystalline silicon cells are the most commonly used batteries due to their long service life (generally up to 20 years) and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Can solar panels be used without batteries?

Solar panels are simply devices that convert light energy into electricity, and cannot store electrical energy. When the light is strong, it can generate a high electromotive force; When the light is low, it can only produce a low electromotive force. The output voltage is very unstable and cannot supply power to the electrical equipment normally.

The voltage conversion module converts the unstable voltage generated by the solar panel into a voltage suitable for charging the battery, and charges the battery.

Electrical equipment obtains a relatively stable supply voltage from the battery. The service life of solar panels is determined by the material, silicon solar panels generally have a service life of 15 to 25 years, but with the influence of the environment, the material of solar panels will age over time. Under normal circumstances, the power will be attenuated by 30% after 20 years of use, and the power will be attenuated by 70% after 25 years of wide dissipation.