17 A Comparison of Eighteenth Century Chinese and Western Thought Criticism 50

In the 17th century, China's new economic form was still very weakly ......Huang Zongxi could not come up with a new social program ......Montesquieu and Rousseau came up with the blueprint of a bourgeois state such as a constitutional monarchy and a democratic republic with "separation of powers". This shows that the progressive ideas of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China and the European enlightenment in the 18th century belong to two different historical categories. The former is a product of the late Middle Ages, and the latter is a manifesto of modern society.

Zhang Dainian and Fang Keli edited Introduction to Chinese Culture

Who wants to type such a difficult question without giving points? But when I saw this topic, I thought of the situation when I was studying, and I would like to tell you.

Political system: China is a feudal monarchy. The minority in the West is imperial, and the majority lord system is actually a slavery system in disguise.

Economy: China accounts for about 90% of the world's gross domestic product, a figure that was not upset until the Opium Wars. This was the period when the development of the smallholder economy reached its peak.

The manor economy of the West is dominant, and you must know that China only has a manor economy in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Of course, during this period, both sides carried out great voyages, and Zheng He's voyage to the West and the opening of the New World led to the germination of capitalism in China. But hesitation has a very different result page depending on its fundamental purpose.

Culture: The Renaissance initiated by the West in the 15th century pried away the shackles of the church that bound the people, and by the 18th century, the ideology of Western society had undergone a metamorphosis, and the materialism dominated the church and gradually declined. Although figures like Huang Zongxi appeared in China during this period, the Confucianism of the Song Dynasty such as Zhu Xi was still dominated by Zhu Xi and other scholars in the context of the Eight Stocks, and the ideology was seriously imprisoned.

External: The West began colonial plunder and development during this period, and because of the competition for colonies, the Anglo-Spanish War, the Anglo-Dutch War, the Anglo-French War and other major wars broke out, especially the Anglo-French War lasted for 100 years, so the foreign relations can be imagined. During this period, China's internal stability and external stability were peaceful, of course, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was domestic turmoil, but no one in the surrounding areas dared to touch a single hair of China.

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The main reason is that after the baptism of the Renaissance in Europe, the leaders and church leaders have been relatively enlightened and able to accept the constitutional monarchy and other systems, but after a long period of feudal society in China, the idea of royal power is serious, and the ideology is seriously imprisoned, and it has always emphasized the people-oriented, and the emergence of the bourgeoisie is more rejected.

After the baptism of the Renaissance in Europe, the leaders and church leaders have become more enlightened and able to accept systems such as constitutional monarchy.

After a long period of feudal society, China's thinking of royal power was serious and its thinking was seriously imprisoned, and it has always emphasized the people-oriented, emphasizing the heavy emphasis on agriculture and suppressing business, and relatively rejecting the emergence of the bourgeoisie.

In some artisanal workshops, the owner of the factory, who owns the capital, raw materials, and machinery, hires hired workers with free status to produce for the needs of the market, a phenomenon known in academic circles as the "germ of capitalism".