Why is the inheritance of ancient science in China inferior to that of the West?

I think that ancient Chinese science is inferior to the Western science in terms of natural science. The reason why it is inferior to the West is largely due to the problems of the social system and social atmosphere. In ancient China, there was a clear differentiation between the industrial and commercial classes, and ordinary people could only participate in the imperial examination if they wanted to get ahead.

And the ancient imperial examination system, I think to a great extent, stifled people's creativity and innovation. In order to get a high score, most of the candidates answer the questionnaire according to the examiner's fetish, and they really curb their own thoughts. However, most scholars only read the Four Books and the Five Classics with the goal of Zhongju, and did not care about natural science, which led to the self-containment of natural science in China.

Although many craftsmen have also summarized a lot of natural laws, due to their limited knowledge level, they cannot understand and analyze the reasons more deeply, so that the level of China's natural science has remained at a relatively superficial level, resulting in China's natural science gradually lagging behind the West.

Looking at the essence through phenomena, there was no science in ancient China, and some were only empirical technology. Therefore, there is no system at all, and ancient Chinese works such as Tiangong Kaiwu often describe what kind of phenomenon we will get through how to do it, but we have never been able to think about the science behind it through the emergence of this phenomenon. So, we invented gunpowder, but we still stayed in the age of cold weapons, we invented the compass, and finally used it for fortune telling.

Experience and technology rely on people's learning ability and comprehension, so it must not be passed on very well, and Chinese society has lost such a saying. Westerners, through the emergence of a phenomenon, will think about the scientific truth behind it, for example, Newton was smashed by an apple, and gravity was born, forming a scientific theory, which is naturally more conducive to learning and inheritance.

First of all, you are talking about the field of natural sciences, and the other field of humanities, which was relatively prosperous in ancient China, of course, many have been lost. The reason why the development of natural science in ancient China is slow or even stagnant for a long time is mainly because of China's ancient economic system, the demand for natural science in the natural economy is very small, only limited to climate and agriculture, and our achievements in these aspects are relatively early and advanced, as for other fields, in ancient society is mostly no one cares about the status, if a society is not interested in a knowledge, then it naturally can not develop. Moreover, under the imperial power, the imperial examination is respected, and people naturally pursue the imperial examination and seek a career.

I think that the modern science we are talking about, first of all, is the Western model, the product of European culture. This kind of science focuses on seeking truth, that is, answering questions. Chinese science, on the other hand, is first and foremost an empirical science, which focuses on solving, that is, solving practical problems.

This kind of science is difficult to form an effective system, so it develops slowly. At the same time, with the decline of modern China, Chinese science was abandoned and reduced to pseudo-science. Nowadays, people do not understand the true meaning of ancient Chinese scientific theories, and I think it is not impossible to use modern science to "translate" classical Chinese scientific theories, but it is very difficult, and no one has such a great talent to complete it.

So we are now looking at Chinese scientific theories that we don't understand at all, just like superstition.

The differences between China and the West are reflected in many perspectives, taking philosophy as an example, the so-called Tao of the ancient Chinese is not the same as the philosophical spirit of the West. Especially after the Middle Ages, Western philosophy has paid more and more attention to the individual, while Chinese philosophy has always focused on social and people's livelihood. It can be said that Chinese philosophy is pragmatic and pragmatic, while Western philosophy is pragmatic and pragmatic.

Hypocrisy and pragmatism, therefore, all inventions ultimately point to problems, only technology and no science; In fact, all research eventually points to the law, so there are technologies and art and different expressions.

The fundamental reason why ancient China did not develop a Western scientific system is that ancient Chinese scholars looked down on the instrument. The metaphysical is called the Tao, and the metaphysical is called the instrumentIn ancient China, there were many so-called disputes between the identification and use of the Taoist instrument, and the result was often that the Tao prevailed, and the cognition of the end of the Tao was deeply rooted. It was not until the Westernization Movement of the late Qing Dynasty that the so-called Chinese style and Western use were used.

In my humble opinion, ancient Chinese science and technology are not without inheritance, such as gunpowder, papermaking, the four major inventions such as gunpowder, papermaking, traditional Chinese medicine theory, astronomy, arithmetic, etc., have been inherited and developed in later generations. Of course, it is a fact that China has not produced "science" like the West, but there are many reasons for this, such as the "agriculture-oriented" economic model, Confucianism dominated by the ideology of rural society, the government's lack of attention to commerce, the value orientation of the people, and many other factors.

The Western theorem logic derives the scientific system, and its value can only be reflected in a very simple model. A few parallel lines, the simplest of all, planetary motions, are one of the simplest mathematical models in nature. Once it's a little more complicated, you can't deduce it, and you can't come up with any theorem logic.

Geometry originally had no repercussions in China after Xu Guangqi's translation, because of a few right angles and obtuse angles, what's the use? Ancient Chinese architecture and computational mathematics have reached their peak, so what's the point of playing this? Hundreds of years later, it was not until the West regained its technological superiority that it really re-translated geometric originals.

As far as scientific experiments are concerned, there were no dedicated scientific and technological researchers in ancient China, let alone scientific experiments conducted for the purpose of exploring science. Some people will definitely move out of the alchemist's house, Bi Sheng, munitions makers, etc., but please note that strictly speaking, these people should be classified as "craftsmen". The ancient Chinese paid attention to practical technology, farming, water conservancy, arithmetic (taxation), astrological signs (calendar), etc., and the rest did not seem to be very interested, and they could not eat, drink, or spend, so why should I study you.

So in general, why was Europe able to make rapid progress in science and technology while ancient China couldn't, because they developed late and were able to enjoy the fruits of the development of civilizations in other regions, while China, although it developed a certain amount of science and technology, it lost the diversity conditions that were favorable to the development of science and technology in the early stage of development after long-term development, so it was surpassed in the later period.

Western "science" has added a way for Chinese to see the world, and has sparked changes in many fields. Good things should be absorbed, and things that are not adapted to the soil and water should be appropriately "localized". For example, "Chinese Buddhism" is the product of the combination of "Indian Buddhism" and "Taoist philosophy", we should come up with something suitable for the "local", rather than just taking some "Indian Buddhism" from Tianzhu and directly engaging in "Xiangzong".

Westerners: Science is the only criterion for testing truth, and science can make people's lives more convenient and comfortable,......Continue omitting) Ancients: I'm living quite comfortably now, why do I have to spend that effort on science?

Also, what does it have to do with me testing the truth? The world knows that beauty is beauty, and evil is evil. We all know that what is good is good, and what is not good is good.

How do you know you're verifying the truth? What if it is verified? Just let it be, just do nothing.

It may be that the ancient science of our country revolved around war and theology. Not an all-encompassing exploration.

The controversy of a hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period was the foundation for the development of science and technology in ancient China. Written in the Warring States Period, the book "Yi Chuan" systematically expounded the concept of the unity of heaven and man agreed by a hundred schools, which is not only the destination of the entire Chinese ideology and culture, but also the ideological foundation for the formation of ancient Chinese science and technology culture.

The "Heavenly Taoist View" is the embodiment of naturalization and human culture, and this spirit of "looking up at astronomy and looking down on geography" separates "human nature" and "physics". In addition, cosmology such as "generation theory", "induction theory" and "cycle theory" laid a rational foundation for the formation and development of ancient Chinese science.

Science has two **, the first is the intrinsic requirement to acquire a holistic view of the world. Human beings need to create a home for their psyche, a framework of understanding that does not change constantly because of the ever-changing phenomena in front of them, a way of understanding the world systematically. This intrinsic requirement constitutes the philosopher's tradition in the history of science.

The second is that in order to meet the needs of human material life, human beings must improve their ability to make, use and improve tools, which has led to the progress of technology and technology. This is the artisan tradition in the history of science.

The science of the philosopher's tradition, or the so-called pure science, theoretical science, and basic science, has often been passed down to the present day by way of writings, while the science of the artisan tradition has been annihilated with the passage of time, and the process of its invention has only been passed down to the present day in legends.

Because of the conservative tradition of ancient Chinese thought, the dynasty at that time was isolated from the world and alienated from Western culture, so modern science was not produced.

Summary. In the history of mankind, the highest achievement of feudal social science and culture was created by China. Among them, agriculture, medicine, mathematics and astronomy are the four natural sciences in ancient China.

From the Shang and Zhou dynasties, through the development of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, to the Song Dynasty to its peak, ancient Chinese science and technology are constantly developing and progressing. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, under the influence of foreign policies such as sea ban and seclusion, it was a period of decline in ancient Chinese science and technology, and Western science and technology were introduced to China.

Example + talk about the inheritance and development of ancient Chinese science today.

In the history of mankind, the highest achievement of feudal social science and culture was created by China by the Leaky Bird Regiment. Among them, agriculture, medicine, mathematics and astronomy are the four natural sciences that have been sold in ancient China. From the Shang and Zhou dynasties, through the development of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, to the Song Dynasty to its peak, ancient Chinese science and technology have returned to the orange in continuous development and progress.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, under the influence of foreign policies such as sea ban and seclusion, it was a period of decline in ancient Chinese science and technology, and Western science and technology were introduced to China.

Ancient Chinese science and technology are mainly as follows: (1) Ancient Chinese science and technology had strong practicality and served the needs of production and consolidation of rule. (2) Most of the ancient Chinese scientific and technological works are direct records of production experience or intuitive descriptions of the phenomenon of self-rock ruler stupidity, which have strong empirical.

3) The technology of ancient scientific theories has a serious tendency to be envied and elevated, and these technologies are not open and have not been transformed into universal productive forces.

First, the productivity in ancient China was low, and the problem of food and clothing was the main problem of people, and second, in ancient times, in order to centralize power, people's thoughts were suppressed to a certain extent and the development of science was hindered.

On the one hand, the time has not yet come, and on the other hand, the practice of science does not meet the needs of the development of the productive forces of that era, and science has not produced anything, and as a result, it is more likely to be overthrown internally or conquered externally because of the delay in production.

Because ancient China practiced feudal ideology and was influenced by Confucian culture, it did not produce scientific culture, which is the most regrettable thing.

The level of productivity was not reached. An important factor in promoting the progress of modern society is the level of productive forces, and under the bottom of social production, there is no need for modern science and technology.

It is not possible to produce science directly, which is unrealistic, and it has a lot to do with the mode of operation of ancient societies.