How to solve waste battery pollution and how to dispose of waste batteries

Exploit. 1) It is forbidden to dismantle and crush waste batteries manually and in the open air.

2) Waste batteries should be used by dry smelting, hydrometallurgy and other technologies according to the characteristics of waste batteries. Dry smelting should be carried out in a negative pressure facility, and the fugitive emission of waste gas in the treatment process should be strictly controlled.

3) Waste lithium-ion batteries should be discharged before use, and should be disassembled at low temperature to prevent electrolyte volatilization. Encourage the use of acid-base dissolution-precipitation, efficient extraction, step-by-step precipitation and other technologies to become valuable metals. For the high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater generated in the utilization process, it is encouraged to use distillation, membrane treatment and other technologies to treat and reuse.

4) When waste mercury-containing batteries are utilized, the use of section-controlled vacuum distillation and other technologies is encouraged.

5) Waste zinc-manganese batteries and waste cadmium-nickel batteries should be crushed in a closed device.

6) Dry smelting should use adsorption, bag dust removal and other technologies to treat waste gas.

7) The wastewater produced by hydrometallurgical extraction of valuable metals should be treated by membrane separation method, functional material adsorption method and other treatment technologies.

8) The waste water and exhaust gas emissions of waste lead-acid battery utilization enterprises shall be subject to the "Discharge Standards for Industrial Pollutants from Recycled Copper, Aluminum, Lead and Zinc" (GB 31574). The exhaust gas discharge of other waste battery dry utilization enterprises shall refer to the implementation of the "Hazardous Waste Incineration Pollution Control Standard" (GB18484), and the wastewater discharge shall meet the requirements of the "Comprehensive Sewage Discharge Standard" (GB 8978) and other corresponding standards.

9) The pollution prevention and control technology policy for the utilization of waste lead-acid batteries shall be stipulated in the "Lead-acid Battery Production and Recycling Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Policy".

Disposal (1) Waste batteries should be avoided from entering the domestic waste incineration device or compost fermentation device.

2) For the waste batteries that have been collected and there is no economic and effective means for utilization, it is advisable to divide and classify landfills for future use.

3) Before and during the disposal of waste batteries in landfills, waste batteries should not be dismantled, crushed and other crushing operations to ensure the integrity of the shell of waste batteries, reduce and prevent the seepage of harmful substances.

Encourage research and development of new technologies.

1) High value-added and full-component utilization technology of waste batteries.

2) Intelligent waste battery dismantling, crushing, sorting and other technologies.

3) Module separation, directional recycling and reverse dismantling technology of automated, high-efficiency and high-safety power batteries of waste new energy vehicles.

4) Utilization technology of waste lithium-ion battery separator and electrode materials and membrane separation technology of electrolyte.

1. We must fully understand the hazards of waste batteries. Spread the word about the dangers of it to your relatives, classmates, friends, especially children, and tell them about the dangers of used batteries. It endangers our human health, destroys the environment, affects the growth of crops, endangers the safety of water bodies and the survival of animals and plants.

2. Do not litter waste batteries, maximize the role of old batteries, and minimize pollution.

3. Prepare a small box at home, store the waste batteries in it, and after accumulating to a certain amount, hand it over to the ** waste battery bin.

4. It is recommended that the state set up a policy to encourage waste batteries, adhering to the policy of who produces it. By the battery manufacturer, the battery is carried out. Preferential policies can be set up to encourage battery manufacturers to carry out this business.

5. Following the example of Western countries, the "old for new" system is implemented in battery sales, that is, when buying old batteries, the same number of old batteries must be handed over. If you don't turn in your used batteries, you'll have to pay twice. In this way, the battery recycling model of "manufacturer-wholesale-retailer-user" has been formed.

Nickel-cadmium battery is a kind of DC power supply battery, nickel-cadmium battery can be repeated for more than 500 times of charging and discharging, economical and durable. Its internal resistance is small, the internal resistance is small, it can be charged quickly, and it can provide large current for the load, and the voltage change is very small when discharging, which is a very ideal DC power supply battery.

Handler. Nickel-cadmium battery is an alkaline battery with nickel hydroxide plates on the positive plates, cadmium on the negative plates, and potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution as the electrolyte. Nickel-cadmium batteries contain a large amount of Ni, Cd and Fe, of which Ni is an important raw material for steel, electrical appliances, non-ferrous alloys, electroplating, etc., Cd is a rare metal used in batteries, pigments and alloys and has great toxicity, and must be scrapped.

In order to ** cadmium, nickel, iron materials and plastics in nickel-cadmium batteries, the following treatment procedures are generally adopted:

1) Mechanical disassembly and discharge of electrolyte: separate the bracket and shell of the large battery, and discard the discharged KOH with acid to neutralize it into potassium salt.

2) Crushing, screening and physical separation: screening and magnetic separation are carried out according to the particle size and magnetic susceptibility of different materials. Fine-grained electrode materials and coarse-grained stainless steel, iron scrap and plastics are obtained, and the latter two types are neutralized with acid and washed with water respectively.

3) Chemical metallurgical treatment: chemical metallurgical treatment of active electrode materials to obtain metal cadmium, nickel or their compound reagents.

**Craft. The recycling technology of waste nickel-cadmium batteries is generally divided into two types: pyrometallurgical technology and wet technology.

The pyrotechnic process is simple, can effectively improve the pure CD, prevent the CD from polluting the environment, and can improve the iron group metal, and has obtained more industrial applications in developed countries such as the United States, Sweden, France and Japan. However, the pyrometallurgical method should be carried out under the condition of 90 1000 high temperature, the energy consumption is high, a large amount of high-temperature dust-containing furnace gas needs to be processed, and the metal ** rate and product purity also need to be improved.

The traditional hydrometallurgical process is currently unable to achieve a small amount of CO in the raw material, and the electrolysis conditions are strict. Therefore, in order to more effectively extract valuable metals from waste Ni and CD batteries, in addition to continuously improving the traditional process, new treatment processes are being studied at home and abroad. Among them, solvent extraction and ammonia leaching are two more promising processes.