When was the abacus invented and when was the abacus invented

As for the origin of the abacus, it can be traced back to 600 B.C., and it is said that there was one in China at that time"Abacus"。The ancients strung 10 abacus beads into a group, arranged them in groups, put them into the frame, and then quickly dialed the abacus beads to calculate. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Yue recorded in the "Records of Mathematics" that when his teacher Liu Hong visited the hermit Mr. Tianmu, Mr. Tianmu explained 14 calculation methods, one of which was the abacus, and the calculation tools used were very close to the modern abacus.

Each of these abacus has 5 movable beads, with the top 1 being equal to 5 and the bottom 4 being treated as 1 each. The abacus was invented by the Chinese on the basis of long-term use of arithmetic chips. In ancient times, people used small wooden sticks to make calculations, and these small wooden sticks were called"Calculate the chips", calculations performed with a chip as a tool are called"Calculation"。

Later, with the development of production, the use of small wooden sticks for calculations was limited, so people invented a more advanced calculator - the abacus. The abacus is rectangular, surrounded by a wooden frame, in which are fixed small wooden sticks, the small wooden sticks are dressed with wooden beads, a beam in the middle and the abacus is divided into two parts, the upper half of each wooden stick has two beads, each bead is five, and the lower half has five beads, each bead represents one.

Xu Yue (?) 220) word Gong River. He was a famous mathematician and astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the world's first "abacus" proposer and "abacus" recorder.

A native of Donglai (now Laizhou City). During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the famous astronomer Liu Hong created the "Dry Elephant Calendar" and "personally taught it the law" to Xu Yue. Xu Yue devoted himself to the study of the calendars such as obscurity, Shuo, strings, hope, and the eclipse of the sun and the moon, and further improved the "dry elephant calendar", and later taught the calendar to Kan Ze, the secretary of Wu Guozhong, so that the calendar could be implemented in Wu State.

The study of the calendar laid a solid foundation for Xu Yue's future research in arithmetic. He collected a large number of mathematical materials since the pre-Qin period, and wrote mathematical works such as "Records of Mathematics" and "The Need for Arithmetic".

The earliest can be traced back to 600 B.C., and it is said that there were in our country at that time"Abacus"。

Was the abacus the earliest invention.

The arithmetic chip that appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period in China is the oldest calculation tool in the world. When calculating, two kinds of numbers are arranged in vertical and horizontal forms, and any natural number is represented according to the principle of vertical interval, so as to carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, opening and other algebraic calculations. After the negative number appears, the calculation chip is divided into two types: red and two, the red chip represents a positive number, and the black chip represents a negative number.

This kind of computing tool and method was unique in the world at that time. Later, the working people of our country created the abacus as a tool for calculation. As early as the 15th century AD, the abacus has been widely used in China, and later spread to Japan, Korea and other countries.

It is characterized by simple structure, easy to use, particularly practical, it calculates the addition and subtraction of a larger number and a larger number, which is more simple. The abacus already has the main structural features of modern calculators. For example, when the abacus is toggled, data is input into the abacus, which acts as a "memory"; When calculating, the abacus formula plays the role of "operation instructions", while the abacus plays the role of "combinator".

Of course, after all, the abacus has to be moved by human hands, and there is no "automatic calculation" at all.

In addition to China, other medieval countries also invented a variety of calculation tools, such as the Roman abacus, the ancient Greeks' abacus, the Indians' sand tablet, and the British's engraved tablets. The principle of these calculation tools is basically the same, the same is to represent the number by a specific object, and use the mechanical operation of the object to perform the calculation.

on 3 May 2019

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China's written record of the abacus first appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Eastern Han Dynasty mathematician "Chronicles of Mathematics" contains: "Abacus control with four hours, longitude and latitude three talents.

Zhen Luan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty Zhuyun: "The stereotype is three points, each with five beads, the upper bead and the lower four beads are different in color, the pearl of different colors on it is five, and the lower four beads are each one." It can be seen that there was an abacus in the Han Dynasty, but the shape is different in recent times.

However, one bead above the middle beam is five, and each bead below the middle beam is one, which is the same as in modern times, and according to Xu Yue, his teacher Liu Hong once asked Mr. Tianmu to learn from the Taoist, and Tianmu gave the method of teaching abacus, which shows that the abacus has appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest. Some historians believe that the name abacus first appeared in the Collected Works of Mr. Jing Xiu written by the Yuan scholar Liu Yin (1249-1293). In "Yuan Qu Selection", the anonymous "Pang Jushi mistakenly released the next debt" also mentions the abacus.

There is such a sentence in the play: "Idle hands, go to the abacus and dial my age." In 1274 AD, Yang Hui recorded the "Nine Dividing Method" about abacus in "Multiplication and Division" and Zhu Shijie in "Arithmetic Enlightenment" in 1299.

In 1450 A.D., Wu Jing in the "Nine Chapters of Detailed Annotations and Analogous Algorithms", the use of the abacus is described in more detail, Zhang Zerui painted an abacus in the "Qingming Riverside Map", it can be seen that as early as the Northern Song Dynasty or before the Northern Song Dynasty, China has widely used the abacus as a calculation tool.

The abacus is one of the important achievements of China's ancient inventions and creations, and it has a history of more than 1,000 years. China is the earliest country in the world to invent the abacus. The abacus evolved from the ancient "calculation".

In the 6th century AD, it was invented in China.

The abacus had already appeared in the Song Dynasty or before the Song Dynasty.