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The means used by the Xiongnu to gain supremacy in the steppes was through a rapid increase in the population, mainly at the disposal of women. After the death of the Xiongnu brother, his wife could be inherited by the younger brother, and after the death of the father, the mother could be inherited by the child.
1. Treat women as objects
In the Xiongnu, the status of women was very low, and they often existed as appendages of men. Nothing is more important to this steppe tribe than to reproduce offspring. Because they come from the harsh climate of the savannah, they have the habits of wild beasts.
It is the habit to regard procreation as heaven, and for this purpose, the woman is only an object in their eyes.
Since the time of the Qin Dynasty, there have often been cases of Xiongnu violating the border. After the Xiongnu invaded the borders, they plundered property, goods and women. The reason they did this was because they felt that women could trade wealth and reproduce and make their tribe stronger.
2. Marriage customs
In the Xiongnu, there was such a marriage custom, after the death of the father, the son could marry his mother. After the elder brother dies, the younger brother can marry the brother and sister-in-law. It was such a system that allowed the population of the Xiongnu to grow rapidly.
This system is inconceivable to Chinese because it violates Chinese morality and ethics. But it is such a system that guarantees the birth rate of the Xiongnu, and we all know that this nation does not have developed medical technology, so the survival rate of children is not high. It is this kind of marriage custom that has allowed the Xiongnu nation to have a strong combat capability.
In summary,The reason why the Xiongnu were able to remain strong was because of their special marriage customs. This ensures that they will always have enough teenagers to replenish the tribe's numbers.
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The Xiongnu, who had a backward system, won the status of the overlord of the steppe by relying on the wildness of the nomadic people who were all soldiers. When we think of the Xiongnu, we can form an image of the surrounding nomads in our consciousness, they are very strong and barbaric, and like to plunder the territory and property of other ethnic groups, the Xiongnu invaded the territory of other ethnic groups many times when they were just strong, which posed a great threat to the Western Han regime at that time, and also tried to control the rivers and mountains laid down by Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty. The Huns are like Xiaoqiang who can't be killed, entrenched next to the Central Plains, sometimes like hungry wolves eyeing the Central Plains, and may attack the Central Plains at any time.
But the Xiongnu their system is very backward, and the reason why they can win the hegemony of the grassland is because they are very brave and good at fighting, and I will explain it to you next.
The reason why the Xiongnu, who had a very backward system, were able to win the position of the overlord of the steppe was because their life from childhood to adulthood was like military training. We have to know that the Xiongnu is some nomadic people next to the Central Plains, they need to live on horses from childhood to adulthood, when they were very young, their parents taught them how to ride horses, how to dabble, when they grow up, these skills are practiced and perfect, even if they are riding galloping horses can also shoot beasts, they have excellent riding and archery skills and the ability to survive in the wild, so they have high combat effectiveness when they are on the battlefield.
The reason why the Xiongnu were able to win the status of the overlord of the steppe was because they were all soldiers. In the process of fighting, women generally do not participate in the battlefield, but the women in the Xiongnu are also brave and good at fighting, providing great logistics and production for the army. In other words, the entire Xiongnu Empire was a big barracks, everyone could be a soldier, and they played a vital role on the battlefield all the time.
Today, China is already a country of peaceful development, and all ethnic groups are united with each other to develop together and build a better future.
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Although their system is backward, the management methods of the grasslands are different from ours, and the people on the grasslands are more brave and good at fighting.
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Because of their custom of treating women as objects, women circulated among the tribes, which also led to their larger population.
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In the Xiongnu, everyone could get on horses and fight, even women rode horses.
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Although their system is relatively backward, their strength is also very good.
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The relationship between the Han dynasty and the northern nomadic Xiongnu did come and go, and here are a few examples:
1.In the early years, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu exchanged Jurchens with each other, and the relationship was relatively friendly. The most famous of these was that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to open up the Silk Road in the Western Regions, which was realized after signing a peace agreement with the Xiongnu.
2.Although the relationship with the Xiongnu was once relatively friendly, later Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent the general Huo Qubing to lead an expedition against the Xiongnu in order to expand his territory, and as a result, he defeated the Xiongnu Youxian King, and the Xiongnu's power was weakened to a certain extent.
3.With the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his descendants were unable to rule the country effectively, and the Xiongnu took advantage of this opportunity to frequently infest China's northern borders. In the end, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sima Yi launched a war against the Xiongnu, which greatly weakened the power of the Xiongnu.
4.The Han Dynasty also tried to unite with the Xiongnu against other nomads in the course of their fight against the Xiongnu, but due to their different interests, the cooperation ultimately failed. For example, in 195, Dong Zhuo, a general of the Han Dynasty, went to the Western Regions in an attempt to win over the Xiongnu, but in the end he failed to achieve the goal of feigning a union.
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The Xiongnu consisted of many tribes, each of which contained a number of clans, such as the Twin Clan, the Huyan Clan, the Lan Clan, the Subu Clan, the Qiulin Clan, the Han Clan, the Lang Clan, and so on. The Twin Clan is the most expensive, and it is out of this clan alone. or the father dies and the son succeeds, or the brother dies and the brother dies.
The rest of the Huyan, Lan, Xubu, and Qiulin four tribes are also expensive, and the world and Shan Yu are married. All major events such as the abolition of the establishment, peace wars, and sacrifices are decided by the meetings of the nobles of each ministry.
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It was because Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, fell into the trap of Shan Yu, and the lone army went deep and caused all of them to be surrounded, but fortunately, the soldiers killed the enemy bravely and rescued Liu Bang.
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It was when the Han Dynasty was just established, the Han Dynasty was still very weak, because it had just finished beating Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, and the grassland overlord Xiongnu Shan Yu was frantically attacking the Han Dynasty at this time, but fortunately, the Han Ants held the town and stabilized it.
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He nearly killed Liu Bang at the Siege of Baideng, when Liu Bang was besieged by the Xiongnu army led by him.
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The Mongols are not Huns!
It seems that some of the Huns have already gone to Europe in the Han Dynasty, as if it was Hungary or something, but I don't know the specifics, and the other part merged with the Han people, which is the so-called hybridization. There should be no pure Huns now. Even the Han people are not necessarily all pure.
Think about what ethnic groups were divided in ancient times, and the most war-torn period should be the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, when the great migration was basically integrated.
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Because although the Xiongnu created a brilliant grassland culture, the life of the Qing nomads was very hard, so Hou Yu Peilai slowly intermarried with the Han people and disappeared into history.
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The Xiongnu disappeared because they were nomadic peoples. Their culture follows their wanderings. So there is no stability.
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The Xiongnu were finally destroyed. Although the Xiongnu created a brilliant steppe culture, they were eventually destroyed by other countries.
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