Does the proportion of blood type in the population change gradually?

The ratio of various variation types in a population can remain constant for a long time, showing the so-called equilibrium (or stable) polymorphism; It can also be a polymorphism in the process of one type replacing another, where the ratio of various types of variation gradually changes, hence the term transitional (unstable) polymorphism. Balanced polymorphism, human ABO blood group is controlled by 3 complex alleles at one locus (see Blood Group Inheritance). The frequencies of these three alleles often vary across populations, but the proportions between them remain constant over time.

For example, allele B accounts for more than 16% of the population at the junction of Eurasia and about 4 6% in the UK, showing a gradient in between, and these percentages remain constant for a long time. The situation is similar with gene A, which accounts for about 0 10% in most populations around the world and above 35% in a few populations. A variety of different inverted chromosomes can be found on the same salivary gland chromosome in Drosophila pseudosoter, and these inverted chromosomes coexist at different frequencies in the same population.

Although the relative frequencies of the various inversions vary regularly from season to season, the frequency of the various inversions remains stable within the same season, and there are specific frequencies for different groups. Another ubiquitous polymorphism is reflected in the electropherogram of functionally identical enzymes. These isozymes have been found in almost any organism analyzed, and polymorphisms are common in individual populations.

In 6 organisms, the genes on the average locus in each individual in the population were heterozygous, and different alleles encoded different isozyme proteins, and human heterozygous locus occupied. <>

Type A, type B, type AB, type O, most people in the world belong to one of these four blood types, we have also experienced blood donation, blood type has even become a clue for us to find love and interpret fortune. It seems that European countries have more blood type A, the United States has more blood type O, and China has more blood type B. In Latin America, up to 90% of people have blood type O.

Unfortunately, the distribution of type AB was not found. The proportion of the four major blood groups to the total blood group is: type A:

40%, Type B: 20%, Type AB: 10%, Type O:

30%。It is also possible to understand the generation, exchange and conflict of various cultures throughout history, and it is possible to recognize the nature and significance of these cultural activities. <>

Genetic polymorphisms are maintained in cases where heterozygosity has a selective advantage. The human sickle cell anemia gene HBS and the wild-type gene HBA are codominant. Normal homozygous HBA HBA does not suffer from anemia, but it is less resistant to malaria; Sickle cell homozygous (HBS HBS) is resistant to malaria, but suffers from anemia and often dies at an early age.

Heterozygous HBs are not anaemic patients and have strong resistance to malaria, so they have a selective advantage in malaria-endemic areas. Malaria is endemic in many parts of Africa, where populations maintain a certain number of HBS genes and cause polymorphisms. Natural selection is the main cause of genetic polymorphism.

The proportion of blood types is 9% for AB blood, 35% for O blood, 31% for A blood type, and 25% for B blood type. The proportion of each blood type in the population is about a:b:

o：ab=3：3：

3:1, among them, there are also rarer blood types such as Rh-negative blood, which accounts for a smaller proportion in China, less than 1% of the population, so rare Rh-negative blood is also known as panda blood.

The AB blood group is also known as universal blood recipients, because their serum antibodies do not contain antibodies to blood groups A and B, but they can only be considered in emergency situations, and the safety factor needs to be verified.

Classification of blood groups

Blood type refers to the type of antigen on the surface of blood components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets. The blood group commonly referred to refers to the specific antigen types on the red blood cell membrane, and is known as the RBO blood group system and the RH blood group system.

ABO blood types are divided into type O, type A, type B, and type AB.

ABO blood group is a blood group that divides blood into 4 types based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B on the red blood cell membrane. Only antigen A is type A on red blood cells, only antigen B is type B, and if there is both A and B antibodies, the principle is AB, and those without both antigens are type O.

People with different blood types have different antibodies in their serum, but they do not contain antibodies against their own red blood cell antigens. For example, blood serum with type A contains only anti-B antibodies. Among the people of all ethnic groups in China, blood type A, B and O blood types account for about 30% each, and AB type only accounts for about 10%.

Human red blood cells that have the same antigen as rhesus macaques are called rh-positive blood groups, and those that do not contain this anti-gene are called rh-negative blood groups. Among the Han and most ethnic minorities in China, about 99% of the people are rh-positive, and only about 1% are rh-negative.

The Rh blood group system is the most complex type of red blood cells, and more than 40 kinds of Rh antigens have been discovered, among which the D antigen is the most antigenic, so it is common to call the red blood cells containing D antigen as Rh positive, and the lack of D antigen on red blood cells is called Rh negative.

The largest number of blood types in our Chinese should be among the blood type O, blood type A accounts for about 28%, blood type B accounts for about 24%, blood type O accounts for the largest proportion of 41%, and blood type AB is at least about 7%.

There is also a more common blood group analysis in clinical medicine is Rh blood shape, which is divided into Rh-positive blood and Rh-negative blood, and the share of Rh-negative blood is very small, which is often called panda blood.

Blood type O is the most common in the world, accounting for about 63% of the population, and they are mainly concentrated in Central and South America, where nearly 100% of the population is in blood type O, followed by Australian Aborigines and Western Europe (especially Celts), and less so in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

In general, the inheritance of the ABO blood group system is determined by a single gene. The ABO gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 9 (9q34) and has three main alleles, i(a), i(b), and i(o). The products of I and I are active enzymes (enzymes) that catalyze the synthesis of A and B antigens, respectively, while the products of allele I are not enzymatic and cannot catalyze the synthesis of A and B antigens.

In general, if both parents have blood type O, the child must be type O; If one parent has type AB, the child cannot be type O.

It is not possible for a parent with blood type A and O to have a child with blood type B or AB, and it is impossible for a parent with blood type B and O to have a child with blood type A or AB; If one parent is type O, the child cannot be type A.

Type O. Blood type O refers to the absence of type A or B antigens on the surface of human red blood cells. Their serum produces antibodies to both antigens.

Therefore, if the antibodies in the donor's blood are isolated before receiving the blood, the person with blood type O is a "well-suited blood donor". However, they can only accept blood from the same blood type, for example, a person with type O can only accept blood from type O. Basically, type O is the most common blood type in the world.

Of all blood types, the highest proportion of blood types is blood type O, with blood type A accounting for 28%, blood group B accounting for 24%, blood group O accounting for 41%, and blood group AB accounting for 7%. The proportion of blood type O is decreasing from South China to North China, and it can be said that blood type O is the representative blood type in Southeast Asia. Memories are sweet in the emotion, missing is bitter, whether it is memories or missing, as long as the heart moves, the feelings will surge, which is uncontrollable!

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The largest number of people with blood type O should be blood type O, which accounts for more than 40% of the number of people, followed by blood type A 28%, followed by blood type B 20%, and the least blood type AB accounts for about 7%.

The largest number of people with blood type O should be blood type O, which accounts for more than 40% of the number of people, followed by blood type A 28%, followed by blood type B 20%, and the least blood type AB accounts for about 7%.

Why is blood type O higher? Because the children born of blood type O and type O blood must be blood type O, children born of blood type A and blood type A can also be blood type O, children born of type AB and type A or type O can be blood type O, and children born of only type AB and type AB cannot be blood type O, so according to this arrangement, people with blood type O have the most blood types.

Of course, it is different from place to place, Chinese O blood type accounts for more than 40%, and the proportion of Korean O blood type also accounts for more than 20%, so blood type it is a random probability.

China has a population of 1.4 billion. The base is relatively large, and everyone's blood type is different, so China's blood source accounts for a relatively large proportion of the world. A special sign of the human blood system, and what we usually call "blood type" is only the most common one of red blood cell blood types, that is, the "ABO" blood group system, in fact, the real blood group classification is much wider, such as the panda blood "Rh negative" often said in film and television dramas is an extremely rare one.

There are 56 ethnic groups in our country, and the blood type of each ethnic group will have certain differences, so China and Han nationality are the largest numbers. The following is the distribution ratio of each blood group of the Han Chinese.

1, Type O: Type > B: > Type A: Type >AB:

2. Comprehensive blood type A of all ethnic groups in the country: 28%, blood type B: 24%, blood type O:

41%, AB blood group: 7% (The proportion of O blood type decreases from South China to North China.) Blood type O is the representative blood group in Southeast Asia.

It can be seen that the number of people with blood type O is relatively large, and the population of AB blood type is the smallest, which also tells us a question, what to do if people with AB blood type need blood transfusion in an accident, they will definitely be in a hurry.

The highest proportion of people in the ABO blood group system in China is the O blood group.

Blood type A: 28%, blood type B: 24%, blood type O: 41%, blood type AB: 7% (the proportion of blood type O decreases from South China to North China, and blood type O is the representative blood group in Southeast Asia).

Blood type O: Blood type O is a very old blood type in anthropology, also known as hunting blood type.

On both sides of the Great Wall in northern China, the ancient nomadic peoples such as the Xiongnu, Turkic, Xianbei, Jurchen, Khitan, and Western Xia mainly ate meat, and type B blood accounted for the majority. At present, blood type B accounts for 40 to 60% of the Mongolian and Manchu peoples.

Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other Miao, Yao, Zhuang, and Dong ethnic groups are mainly vegetarians, and the number of blood type A is on the rise, with an estimated 30 60%.

On the Yangtze River, AB blood type is relatively common, but the number is very small, and historically, it is the southward movement of people with type B blood and the complexity of people with type A blood. In the Central Plains, Shaanxi people, Shandong people, Shanxi Hebei south, northern Henan, etc., blood type O occupies the main position, estimated at 40 55%.