Q: What is the way the economy was built in the USSR was industrial and agricultural, scissors poor?

The evolution of the scissor difference during the transition period:

Based on the pre-war (1930-1936 average)** index. Throughout the transitional period, the comprehensive price comparison of industrial and agricultural products was expanded, with the largest in 1950 and the smallest in 1956. If the previous year's ** index is used as the base, the change in the price comparison (expressed in %) in subsequent years is as follows:

In 1951,; In 1952,; In 1953; In 1954,; 1955, +; In 1956,. With the exception of 1955, when it was expanded, all the other years were contracted, and the largest contraction was in particular in the year. The scissors difference may widen or shrink in a certain year, or the narrowing range is large, or the narrowing range is small, all of which have their specific reasons, which are analyzed in this paper year by year.

1956 was the year of the smallest scissors gap in the transitional period, and the proportion narrowed in 1950, but it was still 7% larger than before the war.

In terms of gross output, the labour productivity of workers in the transitional period is more than 10 times that of peasants. This is clearly not in line with the actual situation and therefore unreasonable. Gross output is expressed as the product of output and **.

If the industrial products are too high and the agricultural products are too low, the above unreasonable statistics will appear. In 1956 compared with 1952, agricultural labor productivity increased by 24 percent, industry by 67 percent, and industrial agriculture doubled. Changes in labor productivity affect changes in **.

The change in the relationship between the proportion of industrial and agricultural products is much slower than the change in the growth of labor productivity in industry and agriculture. Based on this, it can be concluded that the reduction of the scissor difference should be discounted.

Due to the increase in fertilizers, machines, pesticides, improved seeds, labor, etc. used in agricultural production, the cost of agricultural products has increased. Industrial labor productivity is increasing much faster than agriculture. As a result, the cost of industrial products is declining, both in absolute and relative terms.

In this way, the scissors difference between industrial and agricultural products calculated by the ** index will be discounted.

If the proportional relationship between the change in the primary yield rate of industrial and agricultural labor and the proportional relationship between the change in the cost of industrial and agricultural products are added, the range of the change in the scissors difference expressed by the ** index above above contains the factor of artificial fixation. In other words, the actual scissors difference is narrower than that, or it is not narrowed, but expanded. Why is it said that the Soviet economy was built in an industrial, agricultural, scissor-poor way?

Answer: Looking at the experience and experience of industrialization in Britain, Germany, Britain, France, and Japan, agriculture is not only an important part of the primitive accumulation of capital, but also the absolute foundation of industrial development. Industrialization could not have succeeded without the support of agriculture.

The situation in the USSR was even more pronounced. Lenin proposed to give priority to the development of the production of the means of production. The question of financing for industrialization was hotly debated between Preobrazhensky and Bukharin, both of whom believed that the development of industry had to be financed in part by drawing part of the funds from agriculture.

Preobrazhensky advocated the use of scissors to extract to the maximum, while Bukharin advocated that "there must be a reasonable limit". In the end, Stalin confirmed the way the scissors were poor. Judging from the actual funds for industrialization in the Soviet Union, the vast majority of the funds needed for the industrialization of the Soviet Union came from agriculture.

In order to speed up accumulation, in addition to artificially depressing consumption, the Soviet Union mainly relied on artificially depressing agricultural products, and part of the peasants' income was transferred to the industrial sector that supported the development in the process of exchanging industrial and agricultural products, so as to quickly accumulate funds for industrialization.

That is to say, it is not in line with the law of value, and it is mandatory to sell agricultural products to industry according to the ** below the value, and industrial products are sold to the peasants according to the ** above the value, and the industry exploits agriculture, and the scissors are poor, and China does the same.

Same: improve the control of the economy, and use the first project to provide employment to boost the economy.

Different: Stalin carried out the process of industrialization in the Soviet Union, using the difference between industry and agriculture in exchange for funds for industrial development, mainly planning.

Roosevelt was controlling production in order to survive the great economic crisis.

D test question analysis: At the end of the 20s of the 20th century, the Soviet Union carried out socialist industrialization, and from the measures taken by the Soviet Union, the state purchased agricultural products at low prices and sold industrial products to farmers at a higher price, which shows that the state fully supported industrialization. It has nothing to do with increasing material reserves, and the focus on the development of industry rather than agriculture has discouraged the peasants; Therefore, the answer is item d.

Comments: This question requires students to understand the meaning and concepts of the material and understand the background of the Soviet Union at that time. It is also possible to examine the characteristics and influence of the Stalinist system.

The industrialization of the Soviet Union was a major turning point.

The scissors difference refers to the difference between the value of industrial products and the value of agricultural products when they are exchanged. In other words, the uneven economic development of the Soviet Union, which focused on heavy industry and neglected agriculture, laid the foundation for the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Hehehe.

The former Soviet Union, as a nuclear weapon of the Cold War, in addition to destroying the world with a big killer, is the agricultural field so unbearable?

From the grain exporters of the Tsarist period to the grain importers after the 70s, the output increased by 2 times and the population increased by 7 times. It stands to reason that the Soviet Union, the largest country in the world, with a population of less than 300 million, needs to import grain, which is indeed unreasonable. However, the former Soviet Union has always been heavy on industry and light on agriculture, and urbanization has advanced too fast, during this period, industrial support for agriculture is limited, and agriculture also needs to provide additional support for rapid industrial development.

The most prominent manifestation of this was the model of development of collectivized farms, which proved in practice to be unfavorable to the motivation of the peasants and led to a number of problems, but which remained in the USSR for a long time for simple reasons: to facilitate the management of poor and oppressive peasants; It is convenient to deliver a large number of agricultural products directly to urban workers. This is where the non-famous scissors poor come from.

In fact, agriculture in the Soviet Union has always been in a state of development, but the growth rate of population far exceeds the growth rate of grain production, so the expansion of population has completely consumed the increase in grain production in the Soviet Union.

Answer A can be judged based on the material and teaching content, and the correct answer is A.

D. Question Analysis: This question mainly tests the ability to obtain material information and apply the knowledge learned. The collectivization of agriculture in the USSR was to meet the requirements of industrialization, item d is correct.

sacrificing the interests of the peasants and dampening the enthusiasm of the peasants, item A is wrong; The primitive accumulation of Western capital was accomplished through colonial expansion, item b is wrong; The Soviet model sacrificed agriculture and was not conducive to the overall sustainable development of the economy.