What is electrostatic equilibrium and what are the conditions for electrostatic equilibrium?

Hey, I've just finished learning about electrostatic balancing. We put the metal conductor in the external electric field, the free electrons in the conductor will make macroscopic directional motion under the action of the electric field force, so that the charge in the conductor is redistributed, the charge is all distributed on the outer surface, and the positive and negative charges are distributed at one end, so an electric field is generated, the external electric field is opposite to the direction of the electric field generated, and when they are equal, their combined electric field inside the conductor is 0; When a conductor reaches electrostatic equilibrium, there is no charge in the conductor for directional motion, and e=0, the electric potential on the conductor is equal everywhere, the conductor is a homopotential body, the charge carried by the conductor can only be distributed on the surface of the conductor, and there is no electrostatic charge in the conductor. We can ground the outer surface of the conductor, which acts as an electrostatic shield, and the outer space will not be affected by the electric field inside the cavity.

Regardless of whether the cavity conductor is grounded or not, the space in the cavity is not affected by the external electric field.

They are all distributed on the outer surface, and how they are distributed depends on the specific situation.

Bowl-shaped metal object Since it can be approximated as a half spherical shell, the outer surface here should refer to the entire surface of the metal bowl, and the direction of the electric field from the upper part to the lower part of the bowl is negatively charged in the upper part and the lower part is negatively charged. Most of the charge in the upper part of the bowl is concentrated on the edge of the bowl. The lower part is concentrated on the edge of the bottom of the bowl that protrudes from the bottom of the bowl, that is, under the radius of curvature.

The electrostatic field in which the conductor charges are all distributed on the outer surface. All the inside and outside are modeled after spherical shell conductors. When there is a hole in the spherical shell, the existence of the hole can be ignored when the hole is very small, that is, the surface in the ball is not the outer surface, when the hole is large and cannot be ignored, the outer surface is the surface of the whole conductor, that is, the critical interface between the conductor and the external environment.

We say that the charged system has been reached when the charge in a charged system (which can be a live conductor) is stationary so that the electric field distribution does not change with timeElectrostatic balance。If it is considered that the electric charge is moving hot, the state in which there is no charge in the conductor (including the surface) to move in a direction is called the electrostatic equilibrium state of the conductor.

Conductors are characterized by the large number of free electrons in their bodies.

They can move under the action of an electric field, which changes the charge distribution; In turn, a change in the charge distribution affects the electric field distribution (the charge q on the sensitive conductor in the front section is due to the segregation of the left end).

Understand the internal field strength of electrostatically balanced conductors.

Zero reasons everywhere.

Under the action of the external electric field, the conductor will have an induced charge at both ends (far from the same), and the induced charge will also produce an electric field, which we call the internal electric field (as long as there is an electric charge, there is an electric field).

Then the field strength e inside the conductor is the superposition of the external electric field e and the inner electric field e produced by the induced charge, i.e., e is the vector sum of the outside and within e. When the conductor is in the electrostatic equilibrium state, there must be a relationship between the internal electric field generated by the induced charge and the external electric field in any place inside the conductor that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, that is: e outside e inside; So the electrostatic equilibrium conductor has zero internal field strength.

In electrostatic equilibrium, touching any part of a conductor with your hand is actually the conductor forming a "big conductor" through the human body and the earth, and this "big conductor" can also achieve electrostatic equilibrium, so the conductor is also an equipotential body at this time, and the electric potential is equal everywhere. Special guess modulo note: At this time, the original conductor is close to the field source charge, and the dissimilar charge is induced, that is, the conductor only has a dissimilar charge at this time.

Ling Zhaoshi.

The characteristics of electrostatic equilibrium are as follows:

1. The internal field strength of a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium.

Zero. 2. The field strength of a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium at any point near its outer surface is perpendicular to the surface of that point.

3. The whole conductor in the electrostatic equilibrium state is an equipotential body, and its surface is an equipotential surface. The earth is a great conductor and can be considered to be in electrostatic equilibrium, so it is an equipotential body rock repentance.

4. The internal charge density of a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is zero everywhere (which can be determined by Gauss's theorem.

proof). 5. The charge on the conductor in electrostatic equilibrium can only exist on the surface of the conductor.

Origin of electrostatic equilibrium:

Inside the metal conductor there are free charges that can move arbitrarily, and these charges are doing random thermal motion. If there is no external force, the whole conductor is electrically neutral. When an electric field is added around the conductor.

When the charge is subjected to a constant external force, the free charge will move quietly in a directional way, and the conductor will be positively charged at one end and negatively charged at the other.

We call the redistribution of the electric charge in a conductor under the action of an external electric field electrostatic induction. The charge on a conductor due to induction is called induced charge.

The characteristic of a conductor is that it has a free moving charge, and these free charges will move in a directional motion when they are stressed in an electric field, and "electrostatic equilibrium" refers to the state in which the force on the free charge in the conductor reaches equilibrium and no longer moves in a directional motion.

Electrostatic balanceThe conditions are:It is the combination of the inside of the conductorField strengthZero everywhere.

1. Definition of static equilibrium:It is the state in which the macro segment code (including the surface) in the body is directed to move directionally without charge, which is called the electrostatic equilibrium state.

2. Conductors in electrostatic equilibrium have the following properties:

1.The conductor is an equipotential body, and the conductor surface is an equipotential surface.

2.There is no net charge inside the conductor, and the charge can only be distributed on the surface of the conductor (when there is a charge in the internal space of the conductor shell, the charge can be distributed on the inner surface of the conductor).

3.The field strength of each point immediately outside the surface of the conductor is perpendicular to the surface of the conductor.

4.The internal field strength of the conductor is zero.

Electrostatic equilibrium refers to the phenomenon in which the distribution of charges in an object or system reaches a stable state, and charge transfer or electrostatic force is no longer generated.

Electrostatic equilibrium refers to the phenomenon that when the charge distribution in an object or a system reaches a stable state, charge transfer or electrostatic force no longer occurs. In the state of electrostatic equilibrium, the total charge of an object or system remains constant, and the electrostatic forces between the charges cancel each other out, and the phenomenon of charge accumulation or repulsion is no longer generated. Electrostatic equilibrium is due to the distribution of charges reaching a state of equilibrium.

When an object or system is in electrostatic equilibrium, all the charges are stably distributed on the surface or inside the object or system without the flow of charges occurring. This is because the charge does not have enough source energy to overcome the resistive force of the surrounding medium for charge transfer. When the charge distribution in an object or system reaches a steady state, the interaction between the electrostatic forces leads to an overall charge balance, so that the charge distribution on the surface of the object or in various areas of the system reaches a uniform or stable distribution.

Electrostatic equilibrium is achieved in the process of many charges interacting with each other. Under the mutual attraction and repulsion of electric charges, the electric charges will be evenly distributed or reach a steady state on the surface of an object or a specific area of the system. In this equilibrium state, the force of the electric field no longer acts on the charge of the object or system, thus maintaining electrostatic equilibrium.

Introduction to electrostatic balance

Electrostatic equilibrium is very important in many practical applications. Some common applications include electrostatic protection, electric field shielding, and electrostatic control. When an object or system is in electrostatic equilibrium, it can reduce the occurrence of charge accumulation and discharge phenomena, thereby reducing the impact of electrostatic charges on other devices, materials, or the human body.

With proper design and control, an object or system can be kept in electrostatic equilibrium, ensuring safe and stable operation.

Electrostatic equilibrium is when the charge distribution in an object or system reaches a steady state where charge transfer or electrostatic force no longer occurs. In the electrostatic equilibrium state, the electrostatic forces between the charges cancel each other out, so that the charges are evenly or stably distributed on the surface of the object or in various areas of the rock age system. Electrostatic equilibrium is important in many practical applications to reduce the impact of electrostatic charges on other devices, materials or the human body, ensuring safe and stable operation.