What is the sound of Zhongping in Song Ci and how to distinguish Pingqian in poetry

It's a flat sound.

Pingqian is the tone of words used in Chinese poetry. "Ping"Refers to straight,"Phew"Refers to twists and turns. According to the rhyme books revised from the Sui Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, such as "Cut Rhyme" and "Guang Rhyme", Middle Chinese had four tones, called Ping, Shang, Go, and Enter.

In addition to the flat voice, the other three tones have high and low changes, so they are collectively called the voice.

There is a certain format for the use of plainness in poetry, which is called metricism. Pingsheng and Pingsheng refer to the rhythm of poems composed of Pingsheng. Pingqian is an attempt to dualize the four tones.

The four tones are the four tones of ancient Chinese. The so-called tone refers to the height, rise and fall, and length of the voice. Pingqian is based on the four tones, with incomplete inductive method to generalize, flat refers to straight, Qi refers to twists and turns.

The upper voice, the lower voice, the sound is the voice, and the rest is the flat sound.

The Mandarin sound disappears, and the sound is classified into the upper two tones in the sound and the Yin Ping and Yang Ping in the Pingsheng sound, which leads to the error of using Mandarin to judge the poetry Pingxuan.

The theory of Pingqian is like dividing the students in four classes (four tones) into two categories according to their gender. As to whether such a division is even, it is not for the equalizers to consider.

The four tones, here refer to the four tones of ancient Chinese. To know the four tones, we must first know how the tones are composed. So let's start with the tone.

Tone, which is characteristic of the Chinese language (and some other languages). The height, rise and fall of the phonetic sound, and the length of the voice constitute the tone of the Chinese language, and the height and rise and fall are the main factors. In Mandarin, for example, there are four tones:

Yin Ping sound is a high flat tone (neither rising nor falling is called flat); Yang Pingsheng is a medium rising tone (not high, not low, and called medium); The upper tone is a low rising tone (sometimes a low flat tone); Desonication is a high falling tone.

The so-called "Pingxuan" is that each Chinese character has four tones of Ping, Shang, Go, and Enter, and in order to facilitate the use of it, it is simplified into two tones of Pingqian in the poem, and Ping is divided into two tones of Yin Ping and Yang Ping, and Qi is divided into three tones of Shang, Go and Enter. Therefore, there are five tones: yin, yang, up, go, and in.

Pingqian is the tone of words used in Chinese poetry. Middle Chinese has four tones, namely Pingsheng, Shangsheng, Jinsheng, and Xusheng. Pingsheng is the "ping" in "ping", and "ping" includes "upper sound, entering sound and sheng".

The method of distinguishing between the two tones in the new poems is easier to master: one tone in Mandarin, the second tone is the flat tone, and the third tone and the fourth tone are the sound of the Ping.

To distinguish the plain in ancient poems, we also need to use reference books.

Generally speaking, one or two tones are flat.

The three and four tones are the sounds, but the specific situation is analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

平 is the first and second tones in Hanyu Pinyin;

仄 is the third and fourth tones in Hanyu Pinyin;

In it, it is fair and flat.

To understand the flatness of ancient tones, we must first understand the distinction of ancient tones.

平仄 (píng

zè) flat sound and 仄音, generally refers to the rhythm of poetry.

To distinguish between the plain, you must first understand the four tones. The four tones are the four tones of ancient Chinese. The so-called tone refers to the height, rise and fall, and length of the voice.

In ancient times, the four tones were the following four tones.

1.Pingsheng ( ) This tone is differentiated into Yin Ping ( ) and Yang Ping ( ) to the offspring

2.Shangsheng (

This tone becomes devoiced in part of the offspring ( ).

3.Devoiced (). This tone is still devoiced to future generations ( ).

4.The tone is a short tone.

Except for a few areas where the pronunciation is still preserved in the dialect, as far as Mandarin is concerned, there are no more pronunciation characters. The most in-sound characters became voiceless ( ), followed by Yangping ( ) and the least Yangping ( ) changed to Shangsheng ( ).

Pingsheng includes Yin Ping and Yang Ping (one and two tones in modern Chinese);

The sheng includes the upper sound (three tones in modern Chinese), the sound of the sound (the four tones of modern Chinese), and the sound of the sound (there is no sound pronunciation in modern Chinese, and some of them exist in dialects).

You can go to Mr. Wang Bugao's "Poetry Rhythm and Writing" in the NetEase open class, which has a detailed explanation.

On the basis of the four tones, the four tones are generally divided into two categories, so the "ping" is produced.

Examples:1Pingsheng: Mom, Xin, Spring, Autumn.

2.Voice: Dad, old, hot, cold.

The first and second sounds of the sound are about equal to the flat sound of the ancient sound, and the third and fourth sounds of the sound are about equal to the sound of the ancient sound. Take the tones of Mandarin as an example, there are four tones: Yin Ping is a high flat tone; Yang Ping is a mid-rising tone; The upper tone is a low rising tone; Desonication is a high falling tone.

Pingxuan, also known as "Pingxuan", is a tone used in ancient times to distinguish words. On the basis of the four tones, the four tones are generally divided into two categories, so the "flat voice" is produced. The first and second tones of the present sound are about equal to the flat sound of the ancient sound, and the third and fourth tones of the present sound are about equal to the sound of the ancient sound.

In terms of Mandarin tones, there are four tones: Yin Ping is a high flat tone (neither rising nor descending is called Ping); Yangping sound is a medium rising tone (not high, not low, called the middle group collapse); The upper tone is a low rising tone (sometimes a low flat tone); Desonication is a high falling tone.

The four tones of antiquity were:

1) Flat voice. This tone to the offspring differentiates into Yin Ping and Yang Ping.

2) Upper voice. This tone becomes devoiced in part of the offspring ( ).

3) Go silent. This tone is still devoiced to future generations ( ).

4) Voice. This tone is a short pitch that collapses the base of the ball.

It can be seen that there are many differences between the tones of ancient languages and the tones of modern languages. The modern language tones are called "new rhymes", which are based on the northern rhymes of Mandarin and compiled by the Chinese Poetry Association. In the new rhyme, the first and second tones are flat sounds, and the third and fourth tones are the sound of the first beat.

According to the traditional saying, the flat tone is a flat tone, the upper tone is a rising tone, the sound is a falling tone, and the sound is a short tone

The flat voice is not low, the upper voice is loud and strong, the voice is clear and mournful, and the voice is short and urgent.

To put it simply, the key to distinguishing between the uneven is "uneven is the unequal".

Pingsheng, which is roughly equivalent to the first and second tones in Mandarin; The sound is roughly equivalent to the third and fourth tones of Mandarin. In the quatrain, the upper and lower sentences, the second word, the fourth word, and the sixth word should be evenly opposed, if the word in the previous sentence is flat, the word in the next sentence should be the same sound, and vice versa.

The ancients paid attention to the relative of the ordinary and the opposite when writing poems, and used the balance and alternation of Chinese tones to create the beauty of the tone in the language, which was catchy to read and the rhyme was pure.

Are you very demanding? Do you have to be even?

The requirements in the poems are strict, the rhythmic poems pay attention to the plain, the lyrics should pay attention to the plain, and the ancient style poems do not pay attention to the plain except for the rhyme.

The poems and songs from the pre-Qin to the Wei and Jin dynasties were all rhymes, and they were all used for singing at the earliest.

The concept of four tones and Pingxuan began to exist in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and Qi Liang did not have any Pingxuan before, and of course he did not consider Pingxuan when writing poems. During the Yongming period of the Qi Dynasty, Yongming poets represented by "Jingling Eight Friends" began to pay attention to the four tones: Pingshang entered.

Among them, Ping is the sound of Ping, and going up and entering is the sound of Ping.

After Qi Liang, poets began to pay attention to the application of the four tones and the flat line, and Shen Yue and others even came up with the "eight diseases" that should be paid attention to when composing poems, and the theory of "eight diseases" was completely based on the theory of the four tones and the flat line, but later generations did not fully recognize the eight diseases.

In the early Tang Dynasty, close style poems (metrical poems) began to have clear rules, and the four basic sentence patterns that were equal to each other were combined into four types of poems according to the rules of battle and adhesion. Gelu poems were included in the imperial examination during the Tang Gaozong period, and when the judges wrote poems, they were out of the game if there was a problem with the "Pingxuan", and there must not be any sloppiness.

However, even in the Tang Dynasty, not all poems should be considered Pingxuan, many poets like to write ancient style poems that do not pay attention to the rhythm, this kind of poetry only needs to pay attention to the Pingqian of the rhyme, and other words do not need to be paid attention to.

To sum up, the ancients before Qi Liang did not consider the level of poetry when composing poems; The ancients after Qi Liang wrote poems in two kinds, they should pay attention to the level of rhythmic poems, and they only need to pay attention to the level of rhyme feet when writing ancient style poems.

Pingqi rhythm is a set of rhythmic tools to help us create near-body poems, we don't write near-body poems, we can ignore it, but if we want to appreciate and create near-body rhythmic poems, we have to learn anyway.

The ping of poetry is the sound of ping (Mandarin is divided into yin ping and yang ping). 仄 is to go up and enter the three tones (Mandarin is classified as the upper sound, go to the sound, and the sound is classified into each sound respectively).

The so-called "仄" is "side", that is, the meaning of unevenness. If you use these two types of tones in a poem, you can diversify the tones without being monotonous.

Brief table of equals. The five laws are equal: the first and second words of the first sentence are all flat.

Five rules from the beginning: the first and second words of the first sentence are all voices.

Seven rules are equal: the second word of the first sentence must be flat.

Seven rules from the beginning: the second word of the first sentence must be in a voice.

Couplet: (couplet) up and down.

Pingqian itself was created for metrical poetry. Before the production of metrical poems, the four-tone rhyme was kept. This was due to the need for the simplification of the rules of the metrical poem. The pronunciation relationship is instantly clear and clear. One or two sentences are opposite, two or three sentences are sticky, and three or four sentences are opposite.

Ping Qian is to say that the yin and yang are flat, such as the upper sound and the lower sound, and the sound refers to the upper sound, the flat sound refers to the flat sound, and the sound refers to the lower two sounds, we have learned the sound of the sound, but in ancient times there was also the sound of the voice, and the sound of the voice refers to the short sound, such as the crow, which is the flat sound now, and the occupation of the generation is the sound.

The level of the poem is the most basic of the poems, and the tone of ancient Chinese is divided into four tones: flat, up, go, and in. "Ping" refers to the flat sound in the four tones, including the two tones of Yin Ping and Yang Ping; "Xu" refers to the sound of the four tones, including up, go, and in.

The flat meaning of the poem refers to the fact that the dual sentences in the poem should be flat and relative, the rhyme is harmonious, the reading is rhythmic, and catchy.