What are the other biological macromolecules besides proteins?

Biological macromolecules refer to various organic molecules with molecular weights of tens of thousands or more as the main active components in living organisms. Common biological macromolecules include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and sugars.

This definition is only conceptual, and the opposite of biological macromolecules are small molecule substances (carbon dioxide, methane, etc.) and inorganic substances, in fact, biological macromolecules are characterized by their various biological activities and roles in biological metabolism.

For example, the molecular weight of certain peptides and certain lipids is not amazing, but they also exhibit important physiological activities during life. It is no different from ordinary biological macromolecules.

Most biological macromolecules are polymerized by simple compositional structures, with amino acids and nucleotides ...... the constituent units of proteins

Biological macromolecules can be synthesized from simple structures in organisms, and can also be decomposed into simple structures through decomposition in organisms, which generally consume energy in the process of synthesis and release energy in the process of decomposition.

Bio-organic compounds (biomacromolecules) with high relative molecular weight mainly refer to proteins, nucleic acids, and hydrocarbons with high relative molecular weight. Organic compounds with high relative molecular weight have a higher group of substances than bioorganic compounds with low relative molecular weight. They are multimolecular systems formed by polymerization of organic compounds with low relative molecular weights.

In terms of chemical structure, proteins are formed by dehydration and condensation of -L-amino acids, nucleic acids are formed by dehydration and condensation of purines and pyrimidine bases with sugar D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose), phosphoric acid, and polysaccharides are formed by dehydration and condensation of monosaccharides. It can be seen that the chemical reaction from a bioorganic compound with a low relative molecular weight to a bioorganic compound with a high relative molecular weight is a dehydration condensation reaction.

Under primitive earth conditions, there are two ways to achieve dehydration and condensation to form polymers: one is to dehydrate and polymerize constituent substances with low relative molecular weight by heating; The second is to use dehydrating agents that existed on the primitive earth to condense them. The former is often carried out in a near-waterless volcanic environment, while the latter can be carried out in a watery environment.

Biological macromolecules are important components of living organisms, which not only have biological functions, but also have large molecular weights and complex structures. In addition to the main proteins and nucleic acids, there are also sugars, lipids and their products that bind to each other in biological macromolecules. Such as glycoproteins, lipoproteins, nuclear proteins, etc.

Their molecular weight is often 100 or 1,000 times larger than that of ordinary inorganic salts. The molecular weight of proteins is about 10,000 to tens of thousands, and the molecular weight of nucleic acids is as high as millions. The complex structure of these biological macromolecules determines their special properties, and their movement and changes in the body reflect important life functions.

For example, it carries out metabolism to supply energy and substances needed to maintain life, transmits genetic information, controls embryonic differentiation, promotes growth and development, produces immune function, and so on.

There are also polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA).

Macromolecular proteins belong to organic substances. Protein is the most abundant and functional polymer substance in the cell components, and it is also called "macromolecular protein" because of its high molecular weight. In the process of life activities, it plays the role of the executor of various life functions, and almost no life activity can leave the protein to make it high-quality, so there is no life without protein.

The proteins in food are macromolecular organic substances, and they have to be digested into small molecules that can be absorbed by cells before they can be absorbed by the human body, and these small molecules have to be in the cells of the human body.

Different proteins are resynthesized within the body to perform different functions. Protein guess is an organic substance. There are four types of organic matter, which are sugars, proteins, and nucleic acids.

and lipids.

Protein physiological function

Protein is the material basis of all life, an important part of the body's cells, and the main raw material for the renewal and repair of human tissues. Every tissue of the human body: hair, **, muscles, bones, internal organs, brain, blood, nerves, endocrine, etc. are composed of protein, so diet makes people themselves.

Protein is very important for human growth and development.

If a person's protein intake, absorption, and utilization are very good, then it is shiny and elastic. On the other hand, people are often in a sub-healthy state.

Tissue damage, including trauma, that is not repaired in a timely and high-quality manner can accelerate muscle deterioration.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Protein.

<> biological macromolecules refer to macromolecular compounds that play an important role in living organisms, including proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids. These macromolecular compounds play important functions in cells, such as proteins involved in metabolism, regulation, structure, and motility. Nucleic acids carry genetic information and are involved in gene expression; Polysaccharides provide energy and structural support; Lipids are the main building blocks of cell membranes. The structure and function of biological macromolecules are of great significance for the existence and development of life.

The basic unit of biological macromolecules.

Polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, etc. are all biological macromolecules, and the basic units of their composition are pre-monosaccharides (glucose), amino acids and nucleotides, these basic units are called monomers, and these biological macromolecules are called monomers.

Biological macromolecules should be glycerol, phospholipids, etc. in proteins, nucleic acids, fats, and polysaccharides.

Biological macromolecules refer to two types of macromolecules: proteins and nucleic acids that exist in the cells of living organisms. Most of the substances in the cell are proteins, and a small part are nucleic acids. Each biological macromolecule has thousands to hundreds of thousands of atoms in it, and the molecular weight ranges from tens of thousands to millions or more.

The structure of biological macromolecules is complex, but their basic structural units are not complex. Protein molecules are long chains of amino finch acid molecules arranged in a certain order. Amino acid molecules are the constituent materials of most living substances, and there are dozens of different amino acid molecules.

Various enzymes in living organisms belong to proteins, which are indispensable for organisms to maintain normal metabolic functions.

Biological macromolecules refer to various organic molecules with molecular weights of tens of thousands or more as the main active components in living organisms. Bioorganic compounds (biomacromolecules) with high relative molecular weight mainly refer to proteins, nucleic acids, and hydrocarbons with high relative molecular weight. Common biological macromolecules include proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.

This definition is only conceptual, and in opposition to biological macromolecules are small molecule substances (carbon dioxide, methane, etc.) and inorganic substances.

Summary. Biological macromolecules are formed by the dehydration and condensation of small molecules.

What are biomacromolecules? What are small biomolecule substances?

Why didn't I reply to the message.

Biological macromolecules are formed by the dehydration and condensation of small molecules.

It's like protein.

Its basic unit is amino acids.

Amino acids are small molecules here.

Proteins are formed by dehydration and condensation.

General biological macromolecules refer to those with a relative molecular mass of more than 5000 ha.

Small molecules refer to those with a relative molecular mass of less than 500.

The above is an explanation of biological macromolecules and small molecules.

Do you mean amino acids by the unit of protein?

Yes ha. Proteins are biological macromolecules.

To be precise, most proteins are biological macromolecules.

Mistaken, all proteins are macromolecules, sorry, sorry.

Is Lactobacillus plantarum a large molecule, or a small molecule.

Lactobacillus plantarum belongs to the bacterium Ha, which is at the cellular level.

It's no longer at the molecular level.

Which are the macromolecules in aquaculture?

Students, you must know that macromolecules are at the molecular level, and aquaculture is at least at the cellular level.

It's the use of bacteria to break down macromolecules, is there a difference between this?

Bacteria belong to the cellular level, and biological macromolecules belong to the molecular level, two different fields.