Of all the biological macromolecules, why are proteins the most important?

This comes from the central law.

The mysteries of all living things are stored in DNA, and a few viruses are stored in RNA, which is mainly said to be DNA.

The DNA is transcribed into mRNA in base complementary pairings, and the three bases on the mRNA are a codon, corresponding to an amino acid, and the amino acids are dehydrated and condensed to finally produce proteins in ribosomes.

It can be seen from this that all the codes in the secret DNA of living things are finally reflected in proteins through step-by-step transformation, and are embodied through proteins with various functions. For example, some genetic diseases are originally mutated in genes in DNA (hemophilia is a recessive genetic disease in X), but in the end they are reflected in the protein through the central law, and the disease is reflected in the form of protein (lack of clotting factors, a type of glycoprotein).

Therefore, of all the macromolecules, proteins are the most important.

Proteins are the bearers of life activities.

Feathers, muscles, hair, and spider silk are mainly composed of proteins, which are called structural proteins.

These proteins are important substances that make up the structure of living organisms, which are the embodiment of life activities.

Chemical reactions in cells are inseparable from the catalysis of enzymes, and the chemical nature of most enzymes is proteins.

This is the embodiment of life activities.

Hemoglobin has the function of transporting oxygen and is a functional protein, which is the embodiment of life activities.

Insulin plays a role in information transmission and regulates the vital activities of the body, which is the concrete embodiment of vital activities.

Antibodies have an immune function that can help the body defend against antigens, which is a concrete manifestation of life activities.

First of all, because it is the most important substance in living organisms besides water, that is to say, it is the constituent substance of living organisms;

In addition, it is a catalyst for metabolism, a carrier for substances to enter and exit cells, hormones that regulate life activities are proteins, and antibodies in the immune system can keep the body in a stable state, so it is the embodiment and bearer of life activities.

Protein is composed of amino acids, amino acids must be * and non-essential*, must * cannot be synthesized or converted in the body, must be absorbed from food, one, less in the body, lost every day, in the body has five important roles (structure, immunity, transport, recognition, etc.), so protein, is very important, especially the elderly should supplement protein.

Protein is the bearer and embodiment of life.

Protein is the embodiment of all life.

Macromolecular proteins belong to organic substances. Protein is the most abundant and functional polymer substance in the cell components, and it is also called "macromolecular protein" because of its high molecular weight. In the process of life activities, it plays the role of the executor of various life functions, and almost no life activity can leave the protein to make it high-quality, so there is no life without protein.

The proteins in food are macromolecular organic substances, and they have to be digested into small molecules that can be absorbed by cells before they can be absorbed by the human body, and these small molecules have to be in the cells of the human body.

Different proteins are resynthesized within the body to perform different functions. Protein guess is an organic substance. There are four types of organic matter, which are sugars, proteins, and nucleic acids.

and lipids.

Protein physiological function

Protein is the material basis of all life, an important part of the body's cells, and the main raw material for the renewal and repair of human tissues. Every tissue of the human body: hair, **, muscles, bones, internal organs, brain, blood, nerves, endocrine, etc. are composed of protein, so diet makes people themselves.

Protein is very important for human growth and development.

If a person's protein intake, absorption, and utilization are very good, then it is shiny and elastic. On the other hand, people are often in a sub-healthy state.

Tissue damage, including trauma, that is not repaired in a timely and high-quality manner can accelerate muscle deterioration.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Protein.

Protein is the main bearer of life activities, and its function can be summarized as follows:

1. Catalytic function: Most enzymes in living organisms are proteins, and enzymes are catalysts for biological metabolism. So proteins have a catalytic function for living organisms!

2.Structural function: Proteins can be used as structural components of living organisms. In higher animals, collagen is the main extracellular structural protein, which is involved in connective tissue and bone as a scaffold for the body, accounting for 1 4

3.Transport function Hemoglobin in vertebrate red blood cells and hemocyanin in invertebrates play a role in transporting oxygen during respiration. Apolipoproteins in the blood transport fats, and transferrin transports iron.

Some fat-soluble hormones also require proteins for transport, such as thyroxine, which binds to thyroxine-binding globulin in order to be transported in the bloodstream.

4.Storage function The role of some proteins is to store amino acids as nutrients for organisms and raw materials for the growth and development of embryos or young children. Such proteins include ovalbumin in eggs, casein in milk, and gliadin in wheat seeds.

Ferritin in the liver stores excess iron in the blood for use in times of iron deficiency.

5.Motor function The myosin and actin in the meat are essential components of the locomotor system, and their conformational changes cause muscle contractions and drive the body to move. The noisy flagellin in bacteria has a similar effect by causing the flagella to wobble and thus allowing the bacteria to swim in the water.

6.Defensive function The immune response of higher animals is a defensive function of the body, which is also mainly achieved through proteins (antibodies). Protein factors, lysozyme, and interferons of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems also play a role in defense and protection.

7.Regulatory function Certain hormones, all hormone receptors, and many other regulators are proteins. In addition, proteins also have other functions such as information transmission and genetic regulation. However, the above features are learned in high school!

Human blood contains red blood cells (the reason why blood is red), and red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is a large protein that can carry oxygen. Other animals also have different types of blood cells, and if there are cells, there must be large molecule proteins. (There are microtubules in cells, and microtubules are made up of macromolecular proteins).

So, why is there protein in the blood? Indeed, proteins in the digestive tract have been broken down by proteases. But the protein in the blood does not come from the digestive tract, but from the cells of our body.

For example, most enzymes are proteins, and the enzymes produced in cells need to be transported through body fluids to reach special parts. Therefore, various enzymes will be transmitted through the blood to all corners of the body, and other secreted proteins produced by cells, hormones (some of which are proteins) are also transmitted through this pathway.

At the same time, macromolecular proteins can also play a role in regulating osmotic pressure. People with fluid ascites often inject large molecules of protein into their blood to remove excess tissue fluid from their abdomen.

Because there's hemoglobin, it's a round pie type, and its main component is protein.

Because protein plays an important functional role in our human body, the macromolecular protein in plasma is not absorbed by the body as a nutrient, but plays a functional role. For example, hemoglobin in the blood, which transports oxygen. Immunoglobulins play the role of immunity.

And the nutrients we absorb are like the amino acids you said, and they will eventually be synthesized by the body into hemoglobin, immunoglobulin. Too much)

Macromolecular protein also has the effect of maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure in the blood vessels, if a large amount of macromolecular protein is lost in the blood, the blood will extravasate, causing edema (simply put, with macromolecular protein, the blood is more viscous and has the effect of locking water).

Macromolecules: Compounds with a relative molecular mass of more than 5,000 and a relative molecular mass of more than 10,000 are generally called macromolecular compounds or polymer compounds, such as proteins and nucleic acids. The basic building blocks or building blocks of macromolecular proteins are amino acids (AAs).

Oils and fats are not polymers, starches and proteins are natural polymers.

Compared with synthetic polymers, they are polymer compounds formed by biochemical action or photosynthesis in nature or minerals. Found in animals, plants, or minerals. For example, cellulose, starch, protein, lignin, natural rubber, asbestos, mica, etc.

It often contains other polymer substances or mineral impurities. It can be purified, processed or modified by physical and chemical methods. It is widely used in industry, agriculture, transportation, national defense and people's lives.

Generally, compounds with a relative molecular mass of more than 10,000 are called macromolecular compounds or polymer compounds.

If you insist on distinguishing, protein is generally regarded as a macromolecule in middle school chemistry, and polymer substances in middle school chemistry generally refer to polyethylene or something.

Macromolecular substances are pure substances, and polymer substances are mixtures" should not be correct.

It does not necessarily depend on the length of the peptide chain, the peptide chain is too short, and the molecular weight may not be enough for the requirements of high molecules.

It is difficult to go deep into this question, and the definition of living organisms in general biology is that they are able to perform skillful metabolism and reproduce offspring similar to themselves before they die. But I personally don't want to stop at that, so I'll give you my own thoughts on the word biology

1) First of all, biology should be a system, and this system is not closed, but open. Organisms exchange matter and information with the outside world all the time. For example, plants use carbon dioxide to synthesize their own nutrients, and animals use light to perceive the changes of the seasons.

2) The particularity of the living system lies in the fact that it needs to constantly exchange materials and information with the outside world, and once this exchange and exchange stops, the process of its life also comes to an abrupt end. People will be hungry if they don't eat, and plants will die if they don't see sunlight.

3) The particularity of biological systems also lies in the fact that the change process of their life is full of irreversibility, and the changes in physical or chemical systems can develop in the opposite direction under certain special circumstances. For example, water generally flows to a lower place, but you can pump the water back to a higher place, but you can never "rejuvenate", and the changes in your body also show an irreversible process.

4) Biological systems can replicate subsystems similar to themselves before they disintegrate, a feature that other systems do not have. Organisms can achieve "immortality" through reproduction. The so-called cats give birth to cats and dogs give birth to dogs, and this is roughly the case.

Some experts and scholars attribute the characteristics of living organisms to their own special structures and special substances, but in fact, that is only one aspect of the problem, and it is undeniable that living organisms do have the same material and structural basis, such as cells, proteins, nucleic acids, etc. However, this does not mean that something that does not have such a unified structure or substance is not an organism (e.g., prions, which only have proteins and no nucleic acids, cells, etc.).

5) Rather than having some special structural substances and some "organic matter", it is better to think of the organism as a system with characteristics that are different from other systems.