The Relationship between the Theory of the Qin Dynasty and the Prose of Pre Qin History 40

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, many excellent prose works appeared, which are the pre-Qin prose in the history of literature, such as Zuo Chuan and Warring States Policy. The essay was written by Jia Yi in the Han Dynasty, and its central argument is that Qin's inaction led to his demise, in order to use the past to satirize the present.

The main purpose of "Treatise on the Passage of Qin" is to analyze the "Faults of Qin", which is divided into three articles, in fact, it is one article, and the most widely circulated "Treatise on the Passage of Qin" is the first third of the article, which points out that the Qin State changed the law to become strong and won the world, and "benevolence and righteousness do not apply" and cannot defend the world.

In the middle and second parts, the author discusses in detail the various mistakes after the unification of Qin. The middle part points out that Qin unified the world, ended years of war, and was originally in a very good situation, but Qin Shi Huang did not formulate the correct policy, but instead burned books and pit Confucianism, and ruled the world with tyranny; By the time of the second generation, he could not correct his original mistakes, and the country was overthrown.

Background of creation

The era of Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty was the so-called "Taiping and Prosperous Era" of the Han Dynasty, that is, the early stage of the "rule of Wenjing". With his keen insight, Jia Yi saw the lurking crisis of the Western Han Dynasty through the appearance. At that time, the magnates and wealthy embezzled a large amount of peasant land, forcing the peasants to go bankrupt and go into exile, and the harsh oppression, exploitation, and cruel punishments also intensified class contradictions.

The contradictions between feudal secession and centralization in China, between the ruling class and the working people, and between nationalities are all intensifying, and the position of the rulers is in danger of being shaken.

In order to reconcile various contradictions and make the Western Han Dynasty stable for a long time, Jia Yi put forward many political proposals to the Han family in famous political policies such as "Chen Zhengshi Shu", "On Accumulation and Sparseness" and "On the Passage of Qin". This paper analyzes the successes and failures of the Qin Dynasty's politics from the perspective of summarizing historical lessons and lessons in an exhortatory tone, and provides reference for Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty to reform politics.

When talking about the purpose of writing, Jia Yi said that the reason why he wanted to "look at the ancients, examine the current world, participate in personnel, observe the reason of prosperity and decline, and judge the appropriateness of power", advocated "going to order and change according to the time", and the purpose was to seek "protracted time, and the society is safe" (Part II). The article "On the Passage of Qin" summarizes the lessons of the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty, which is really the fault of the Zhao Han Dynasty.

The intention embodied in the "Treatise on the Passage of the Qin" is to analyze the historical reasons for the fall of the Qin Dynasty, and summarize the central idea from the negative side, that is, "benevolence and righteousness are not applied, and the offensive and defensive forces are different", and its practical pertinence refers to the policy of the early Western Han Dynasty, which is to advise the rulers of the Western Han Dynasty to implement benevolent government.

Through the reasons for the fall of the Qin Dynasty, it explains how the ruler should govern the country.

One sentence to the point is also the main purpose of this article. "Benevolence and righteousness are not applied and the offensive and defensive forces are different." Meaning: Just because of the lack of benevolence, the situation of offense and defense has changed.! Let the ruler be benevolent!

"On the Passage of Qin" is a representative work of Jia Yi's political essays, which is divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower. The full text analyzes the mistakes of the Qin Dynasty from various aspects, hence the title "On the Passing of the Qin".The purpose is to summarize the historical lessons of Qin's rapid demise, so as to serve as a reference for the Han Dynasty to establish a system and consolidate its rule.

This is an insightful and artistically powerful collection of articles.

The first part of the "Treatise on the Passage of Qin" first talks about the reasons why Qin has gradually become stronger since the beginning of filial piety: it has geographical advantages, the idea of changing the law to become strong, the correct war strategy, and the painstaking management of several generations. The text adopts a comparative sentence and a prescriptive method, which is full of momentum; Later, he wrote that although Chen She's own strength was small, he was able to bring about the collapse of the powerful Qin State, and in the comparison, he concluded that the death of Qin was due to "benevolence and righteousness".

The middle part analyzes that Qin did not have a correct policy after unifying the world, and Qin II failed to correct Qin Shi Huang's wrong policy, mainly blaming Qin II for his mistakes. In the next part, it is written that Qin Ziying was in a critical situation, and Qin Ziying did not have the ability to save the world, mainly accusing Qin Ziying of negligence.

"On the Passage of Qin" is a representative work of Jia Yi's political essays, which is divided into 3 articles. The full text analyzes the mistakes of the Qin Dynasty from various aspects, hence the title "On the Passing of the Qin".The book summarizes the historical lessons of Qin's rapid demise as a reference for the Han Dynasty to establish a system and consolidate its rule.

"On the Passage of Qin" first talks about the reasons why the Qin Dynasty gradually became strong from Qin Xiaogong to Qin Shi Huang: geographical advantages, the implementation of law changes to become strong, correct war strategies, and the painstaking management of several generations.

The use of proportional sentences and prescriptive descriptions in the text creates a vivid momentum in language; Later, he wrote that although the general Chen She's own strength was small, he was able to bring about the collapse of the seemingly powerful Qin State, and from the analysis of historical facts, he drew the conclusion that "benevolence and righteousness are not applied, and the offensive and defensive trends are different".

It has an excellent aesthetic effect in "On the Passage of Qin", which is full of churning and agitation, indulgent gestures, and using a large number of rendering techniques such as comparison, duality and exaggeration, so that the whole text is full of unstoppable momentum.