What are the metals that have the Seebeck effect

How is it possible to have a full catalogue of metals... The thermoelectric effect is a hot topic in current research, and new alloy systems are often reported to have higher thermoelectric merit values, and from the direction of our research, they are generally alloy systems containing Bi and Te.

The Seebek effect, also known as the thermoelectric effect, is a phenomenon in which certain materials generate an electrical heating potential under a temperature gradient. This effect is the basis of thermoelectric materials, involving many physical phenomena such as heat conduction, heat diffusion, and heat electron transport. It is the basis of the thermocouple principle, which is widely used in temperature measurement and thermal management of some power devices.

The Seebek coefficient of thermoelectric materials is one of the most important parameters. This coefficient refers to the ratio of the electric heating potential generated by a material per unit thickness to the unit differential temperature at a constant temperature gradient. In general, at a certain temperature, the thermoelectric potential resulting from the migration of positively charged carriers (e.g., holes) is the opposite of the thermoelectric potential resulting from the migration of negatively charged carriers (e.g., electrons) and can be expressed as s=p nδt, where p is the electron power and n is the charge density.

The Seebeck effect has a wide range of applications, the most common of which is temperature measurement and temperature control. This method is widely used in the production of thermocouples to convert the temperature into an electric potential by using a thermoelectric battery, and then by measuring the magnitude of the electric potential, the temperature value can be obtained. In addition, the temperature difference potential can also be applied to the thermoelectric generator, so that the energy of the temperature difference is converted into electricity, and this technology has been applied in many industrial and military fields.

In addition to temperature measurement and thermal digging to generate electricity, the Seebeck effect can also be used in applications such as thermoelectric cooling and thermostats. In the field of refrigeration, heat is transferred from one area to another through electrical energy, while the temperature difference becomes more pronounced to achieve the cooling effect. In conclusion, the Seebeck effect has played a vital role in thermoelectric devices and thermal management technology, solving many real-life problems for humanity.

Product Name: seebeck effect

In a circuit consisting of two metals, A and B, if the temperature of the two contact points is different, then an electric current will appear in the circuit, which is called a thermal current. The corresponding electromotive force is called thermoelectric potential, and its direction depends on the direction of the temperature gradient. The general direction of the thermoelectric potential is specified as:

At the hot end, the current flows from negative to positive.

The essence of the Seebeck effect is that when two metals come into contact, there will be a contact potential difference (voltage), which depends on the difference in the work of electron spillover in the two metals and the difference in the concentration of electrons in the two metals.

Semiconductors have a large thermoelectric electromotive force and can be used as a thermoelectric generator.

After the discovery of the Seebeck effect, people found a place for it. Using the Seebeck effect, a thermocouple can be made to measure temperature. With the right metal as the thermocouple material, temperatures from 180 to +2000 can be easily measured, a wide range that alcohol or mercury thermometers cannot match.

Thermocouple thermometer that can even measure temperatures up to +2800!

Two different metal wires of a thermocouple are welded together to form two junctions, and the loop voltage vout is the difference between the junction voltage of the hot junction and the junction voltage of the cold junction (reference junction). Because vh and vc are generated by the temperature difference between the two junctions, that is to say vout is a function of the temperature difference. The proportionality factor corresponds to the ratio of the voltage difference to the temperature difference and is called the Seebeck coefficient.

In 1834, the French watchmaker Peltier (1785 1845) discovered the Peltier effect, in which an electric current flows through the junction of two different materials, and there is endothermic or exothermic at the junction. It is the inverse effect of the Seebeck effect – "a continuous current in a rigid path of varying temperatures".

The Seebeck effect, also known as the first thermoelectric effect, is a thermoelectric phenomenon in which the voltage difference between two different electrical conductors or semiconductors is caused by the difference in temperature.