Parts of the microscope. What are the names of each part of the microscope?

A microscope is an optical instrument composed of a lens or a combination of several lenses, which is a sign that mankind has entered the atomic age. It is mainly used to magnify tiny objects and become instruments that can be seen by the human eye. Microscopes: Optical Microscopy and Electron Microscope:

The optical microscope was first developed in 1590 by Janssen & Sons of the Netherlands. The current optical microscope can magnify the object 1600 times, and the minimum limit of resolution is microns, and the length of the mechanical barrel of the domestic microscope is generally 160mm.

It is composed of an eyepiece, a coarse collimator spiral, a fine collimator spiral, a tablet clamp, a clear hole, a reflector, an objective lens, and a stage.

Lens: The most delicate and main part of a microscope, consisting of the eyepiece (the upper end of the lens barrel, close to the human eye) and the objective lens (the lower end of the lens barrel, close to the object being observed), on which the magnification of the lens is inscribed.

Reflector: One side is a flat mirror (divergent light) and the other side is a concave mirror (converging light). It is mainly used to reflect light.

Quasifocal spirals: include coarse collimation helix (mainly used at low magnification) and fine collimation helix (mainly used at high magnification). The focal length is adjusted mainly by adjusting the lifting of the lens barrel to make the image seen clearer.

The stage is composed of a concentrating illumination system, an objective lens, an eyepiece and a focusing mechanism, and the objective lens and eyepiece are convex lenses.

<>1. Mirror base: It is the base of the microscope to support the entire mirror body.

2. Mirror arm: the part of the hand when taking and placing the microscope.

3. Lens tube: connected to the front and upper part of the mirror arm, the upper end of the lens barrel is equipped with an eyepiece, and the lower end is equipped with an objective lens converter.

4. Stage: under the lens tube, there are two shapes: square and round, which are used to place slide specimens, and there is a light hole and a tablet clamp on both sides to fix the slide specimen.

5. Light shield: There are round holes of different sizes, called aperture, which can adjust the intensity of light.

6. Coarse collimation spiral: It can make the lens table rise and fall quickly and significantly, and quickly adjust the distance between the objective lens and the specimen to make the object image appear in the field of vision.

7. Fine collimation spiral: It can make the lens table rise and fall slowly, and it is mostly used when using high-magnification lenses, so as to obtain clearer images.

8. Reflector.

Mounted on the mirror base, it can be rotated in any direction, it has flat and concave two sides, concave mirror.

The light concentrating effect is strong, which is suitable for use when the light is weak, and the plane mirror has a weak concentrating effect, which is suitable for use when the light is strong.

9. Eyepiece: magnify the image. The longer the eyepiece, the smaller the magnification.

10. Objective lens: magnify the image. The longer the objective, the greater the magnification.

About the magnification of the image and the change in the number of cells in the field of view.

1. Calculation of the magnification of the microscope image.

Object magnification The magnification of the eyepiece The magnification of the objective.

2. Changes in the number of cells in the field of view.

1) The change in the number of cells in a row can be calculated according to the law that the magnification is inversely proportional to the field of view.

2) The change in the number of cells within the circular field of view can be calculated according to the law that the physical range seen is inversely proportional to the square of the magnification.

The optical microscope consists of an eyepiece, an objective lens, a coarse collimation helix, a fine collimation helix, a tablet clamp, a clear aperture, a light shield, a converter, and a reflector; It is composed of a stage, a mirror arm, a lens tube, a lens holder, a condenser, and an optical diaphragm.

Microscopes have opened up a whole new world to human vision, and for the first time people have seen hundreds of "new" tiny animals and plants, as well as the inner workings of everything from the human body to plant fibers. Microscopes also help scientists discover new species and help doctors with diseases.

The first microscopes were made in the Netherlands in the late 16th century. The inventors were Yas Jensen, a Dutch optician, or another Dutch scientist, Hans Lipperch, who made a simple microscope out of two lenses, but did not make any significant observations with these instruments.

(i) Mechanical devices.

1 Rack The main body of the microscope, including the base and bent arms.

The 2 eyepiece tube is located above the frame and is secured to the frame by a circular dovetail slot, to which the eyepiece is inserted. According to whether there is a camera function, it can be divided into binocular tube and trinocular tube; According to the different adjustment methods of interpupillary distance, it can be divided into hinge type and translation type.

3 Nosepiece It is a rotating disc with 3 5 holes on it, which are equipped with a low or high magnification objective lens, respectively. The nosepiece converter allows objectives of different magnifications to enter the working optical path.

Stage 4 is the platform on which the slides are placed, which ** has a clear hole. There is an elastic specimen holder on the stage to hold the slides. There is a moving handle on the lower right, so that the loading table can be moved in both directions of xy.

5. Focusing mechanism The focusing handwheel can be used to drive the focusing mechanism, so that the stage can be lifted and lowered for coarse adjustment and fine adjustment, so that the observed object can be focused and imaged clearly.

6 Concentrator Adjustment Mechanism The concentrator is installed on it, and the adjustment spiral can make the concentrator rise and fall to adjust the intensity of the light.

ii) Optical systems.

1 Eyepiece It is a lens inserted into the top of the eyepiece barrel and consists of a set of lenses that can make the objective lens multiply the resolution and magnification of the object, such as 10x, 15x, etc. According to the size of the field of view that can be seen, eyepieces can be divided into two types: ordinary eyepieces with a small field of view, and large field of view eyepieces (or wide-angle eyepieces) with a large field of view. The eyepiece of the higher-grade microscope is also equipped with a vision adjustment mechanism, so that the operator can easily and quickly adjust the vision of the left and right eyes respectively; In addition, a measuring reticle can be added to these eyepieces, and the image of the measuring reticle can always be clearly focused on the focal plane of the specimen; And, to prevent the eyepieces from being removed and to reduce the possibility of damage during transport, these eyepieces can be locked.

2 Objective Lens It is mounted on the hole of the converter and is also composed of a set of lenses that enable the object to be magnified clearly. Magnifications are engraved on the objective lens, mainly 10x, 40x, 50x, 100x, etc. Immersion objectives are mostly used in high-magnification objectives, that is, between the lower surface of the objective lens and the upper surface of the specimen are filled with a liquid with a refractive index (such as fir oil), which can significantly improve the resolution of microscopic observation.

3 Light sources include halogen lamps, tungsten lamps, mercury lamps, fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, etc.

4 Condenser includes condenser, aperture diaphragm. A condenser consists of a lens that concentrates the transmitted light, allowing more light energy to be concentrated on the part being observed. The aperture diaphragm controls the clear range of the concentrator to adjust the intensity of the light.

(iii) Digital camera system.

1 Camera: Now there are many manufacturers in the world in the production of all kinds of cameras, used in the microscope also have a lot, now the general CCD for high-end products, imaging ***, color reproduction is also very good, the world's highest pixel is Olympus DP70 digital camera 12.5 million.

2 Frame grabber.

3 Software.

4 Microcomputer.