Why did people often carry fans with them in ancient times?

Because in ancient times, taking a fan can increase your elegance and improve your temperament, the most important thing is that there was no air conditioning and fan in ancient times, so the ancient fan can be used as an ornament, and you can also fan it at any time.

One is the performance of elegance, and the other is that the clothes of the ancients were relatively heavy and used to fan the wind.

In ancient times, people with fans were either rich people or poets.

This looks very ladylike, and the ancients said that a good woman should "smile without showing her teeth", so its other function is to block her mouth when laughing, and this will also inadvertently increase the charm of women.

The fan is not only a tool for generating wind and cool, nor is it just a work of art, it has become a symbol of status and interest, and a prop for their social role.

Generally, it shows cultural literacy, connotation and elegance, a kind of decoration.

Folding fan, folding, spreading with use, so it is also called "scattering fan", it is easy to carry, in and out of the sleeve, fan calligraphy and painting, fan bone carving, is the pet of the literati, so there is also the alias of "sleeve elegance".

You still ask, just like the gangsters on the street now, you ask him, why is the tattoo so handsome.

For the Chinese literati, the folding fan was not only a symbol of status, but also a symbol of personal cultural interest.

After 3,000 years of development, the most important thing for Chinese fans is that they are no longer a practical function, but a status symbol.

How thick the clothes are in ancient times, a fan is worth having in the summer.

The function of the fan is to disperse the wind and remove the heat. Whether he is a work of art or a hobby, he can't escape this reason.

Perhaps the women's holding fans in that era were like the modern women's handbags, they were all decorations.

If you don't take the wind master's fan, you won't be called a wind master.

China was the first country in the world to use fans, and it gradually spread to Japan and many other countries in Europe. The history of the fan can be traced back to the ancient Yu Shun era, because in the Ming Dynasty, there is a record of "Shun made a fan". In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, people made "Zhai fans" with the long and colorful tails of male pheasants, and "pheasant fans" with long handles appeared.

At this time, the fan became a symbol of imperial prestige.

In the Tang Dynasty, fans made of pheasant feathers were changed to peacock feathers. According to archaeological discoveries, the Warring States period copper kettle unearthed in Chengdu, Sichuan Province is engraved with a servant holding a long-handled fan to fan the wind for the master, which is the earliest fan image found at present. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a whisk made of animal tail hair, which was called "hair fan".

The Jiangnan region is most famous for its feathers made of white goose feathers, and it was often used as a tribute to the imperial court. In the Han Dynasty, the silk weaving industry began to develop, and the "fan fan" appeared, which was favored by ancient Chinese women. Around the time of the Song Dynasty, folding fans that are common today appeared, and gradually continued to this day and became the mainstream of society.

The inscription poem of folding fan painting began in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, which gave birth to another traditional art form——— fan painting and calligraphy. The folding fan developed to the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and was divided into Hangzhou fan, Su fan, Ning fan and other schools.

The ancients invented the fan in order to cool down in the summer, after all, there was no air conditioning at that time, and the summer was still very difficult. But with the change of dynasties, the fan is not only a tool used to fan the wind, but also a status symbol. Because the ancients would write words or pictures on the fan, if it was a celebrity, then the fan would be priceless.

And the fan has also become a label for some people, and many people will imitate it, after all, the ancients were still very particular about style.

The weather is hot, and getting cool is a must every day. The fan is a must-have to cool down and drive away the heat. The fan has already had a prototype in the Shang Dynasty, and "the fan with reeds" is the earliest written record of the fan.

From the original ceremonial utensils to cool tools to handicrafts, there are many categories of fans.

As ceremonial utensils, most fans are long-handled fans, which are held by servants to shield themselves from the dust and the sun, symbolizing the authority and status of their masters.

As the name suggests, a feather fan is a fan that uses bird feathers as a material. Zhuge Liang in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" appeared in front of the audience with the image of a feather fan in his hand. The most common and common feather fan is the white goose feather fan. The picture shows the old collection of feather fans in the Forbidden City.

Pu kui fan is commonly known as pu fan, sunflower fan, and banana fan. Made from the leaves and stalks of palmetto, it is lightweight and inexpensive, and is the most widely used fan.

The well-known living Buddha Jigong is holding a pu fan. Pu fans are also often used to fan the fire and increase the firepower. This gouache painting shows scenes of Indian men grilling meat from the late 18th to mid-19th centuries.

Folding fan, originally known as waist fan, became a common summer tool for men and women in the upper class society in the Jin Dynasty.

The action when opening the folding fan is also skillful, in "Joking about Qianlong", with a short "teng", the whole fan is presented in front of you, I don't know how many people have been fascinated.

Handmade origami fans are one of the memories of childhood.

The sandalwood fan is one of the four famous fans in China. Sandalwood fans have a natural fragrance and are used more by women.

In the Song Dynasty, fans were called group fans, and later round or nearly round handled fans became "group fans".

Perhaps because the fan is a very common and practical tool in China, in the series of billboards on the world map released by the Arbuckle Brothers Coffee Company in 1889, China is presented on the surface of the fan. It has very distinct regional characteristics.

In Chinese history, the fan always seems to have a very close connection with the ancient literati and ink writers, in ancient times, scholars and doctors untied their clothes, and the fan was always hidden between the sleeves of the robe, and they often got together with friends to watch and play together, which was an elegant object for the literati's hobby.

It can be said that the fan in ancient times was a material projection of the status of the literati and the taste of personality, what is the material of the fan in the hand, what is the condition, what is the content of the calligraphy and painting on it, and whose handwriting is from it is a very important reference, it can be seen that the fan has long been not just a kind of living utensils used in ancient times, but sublimated into an out-and-out work of art.

Take the Ming Dynasty as an example, many people's memories of the fans of the ancients have a deep impression of the image of Tang Bohu holding a folding fan in the film and television drama "Tang Bohu Dots Autumn Fragrance", with the word "Tang Yin" written on it, and talking and laughing on the side. Although the movie is a joke, the point where the literati used the fan is very much in line with the image of the literati at that time.

The hobby of collecting fans in the Ming Dynasty can be said to be a common practice, not to mention that famous artists can often collect more than 100 fans, and also pay attention to changing a handle every day, meet other close friends, but also take it out to appreciate it together, comment one or two, "who wrote the word, and who is the hand of the painting", it is estimated that this can be discussed for half a day, and the fan is equivalent to a business card of a literati.

So why did the ancient literati appreciate fans so much? On the one hand, because of the perfect fit between the fan and the art of painting and calligraphy, it has long been sublimated into a work of art, a fan is often not large in size, how to show the infinite artistic conception on the limited format, the fan painting a landscape is like a great river and mountain in hand, or a poem and a word, are worth playing and appreciating, and flowers and birds such seemingly limited themes, also have different expressiveness.

Therefore, it can be said that whether or not you can paint a fan well is also a great test of the creator's artistic attainments and technical skills.

It is a sign of cultural people. Because the fan was everyone's favorite thing, it also became a cultural symbol of the time.

It is a sign of cultural people, because holding a fan has become a symbol of a scholar, and he can also pose, and if he doesn't hold a fan, he will feel tasteless.

Yes, because there were many scholars in ancient times, they would choose to hold a fan in their hands, which can also show that they are more elegant.

Ancient literati often held a folding fan in their hands to show the literati's temperament, and everyone was beautiful, and the small family jasper would hold a group fan in his hand to show the beauty of ancient women. This is the demeanor of the ancients.

There are many types of fans in ancient China, but only two types are really favored by collectors: folding fans and group fans. A folding fan is mainly composed of three parts: the fan bone, the fan page and the fan surface. Ordinary folding fans are generally made of bamboo and wood as fan bones, and tough paper as fan surfaces.

Pay attention to a little, and the fan should also be inscribed with poems and paintings.

High-end folding fans, fan bones and blades are often made of ivory. There are also various ornaments carved on the top, and most of the fans are also calligraphy and paintings of celebrities. The folding fan is a "folding fan", also known as a "polyhead fan".

The folding fan is folded when it is collected, and it is spread out when it is used, so it is also called "spreading the fan". The folding fan is easy to carry, in and out of the sleeve, the fan surface calligraphy and painting, the fan bone carving, is the pet of the literati, so there is the nickname of "the sleeve elegant thing".

Folding fans first appeared in the 5th century AD during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Book of Nanqi said: "Chu Yuan used his waist to fan the sun." This "waist fan", according to the explanation in the "Tongjian Note", "is a folding fan." "In the Northern Song Dynasty," such as the folding fan made in the market......The width of the exhibition is three or four, and the combination of two fingers is allowed", and the market has a system, which shows that it is no longer exclusive to a small number of people. The earliest physical witness of the folding fan in the history of our country is the gold lacquer unearthed in the Southern Song Dynasty tomb in Wujin County, Jiangsu Province in 1977, this piece called "the figure of the flower pattern vermilion lacquer gold lotus identification style" of the lacquerware is now treasured in the Changzhou Museum, its cover painting a "garden lady summer picture", a lady in her arms to hold the fan, a lady gently shakes the folding fan.

From this picture, it can be seen that folding fans have been widely popular as early as the Southern Song Dynasty.

The ancient literati Yashi loved fans, Zhuge Liang lupine scarves curled in the wind, elegant girls on the shore of West Lake, and the eldest lady of the boudoir all loved to use fans. In ancient times, the fan was not only used to fan the wind, but also used to decorate the instrument, which had the effect of elegant, elegant and quiet decoration.

Fans are divided into folding fans and group fans according to their shapes, so let's introduce folding fans first.

The folding fan, in ancient times, was called the "poly-head fan", because the fan blades can be called because they can be folded and gathered, and it is also known as the roll fan. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Goryeo Kingdom paid tribute and was introduced, and then folding fans were mass-produced in China, mostly between officials and people.

In Chongqing Rongchang there is a folding fan technique, people produce folding fans by hand, this craft from the Ming Dynasty Jiajing period from the Korean country into our country. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, due to the history of "Huguang filling Sichuan", a large number of Hunan immigrants moved into the territory of Rongchang in Chongqing (now Rongchang District, Chongqing), and people here settled here for generations and began to build their own workshops and open workshops to make fans. The Rongchang area has its own local cultural characteristics, and a large number of immigrants who moved into Rongchang combined their fan-making skills with the local Rongchang characteristics, and gradually formed a folding fan making skills with Rongchang characteristics.

After that, Rongchang folding fan gradually enjoyed a reputation throughout the country.

According to the fan surface material of the folding fan, the folding fan is divided into cloth fan, roll fan, paper fan, etc. According to the type of fan bone material, folding fans are divided into palm bamboo fans, bamboo fans, and bamboo fans. Nowadays, Rongchang folding fan process category is renovated, the pattern is complete, and the decorative pattern process has carving, inlay, lacquer, painting and other craft techniques.

The main use is not to fan, but to make decorations and ceremonial differentiation. Those who can afford to use a fan have a relatively high status.

No, most of the fans in ancient times were used to show their identity, and their different shapes or patterns can indicate a person's origin or family background.

No, the fan also has a pretending role, which is used to reflect his identity as a reader.

Ice cubes to escape the heat.

In ancient times, there were no refrigerators, so the ancients used ice cellars to store ice.

According to modern archaeological finds, the earliest ice cellars appeared in the Zhou Dynasty. Of course, this kind of extravagant and luxurious "refrigerator" is only available in the government, and ordinary people cannot enjoy it. Generally speaking, the government stores a large amount of natural ice and snow in the ice cellar in the first winter, and when the summer of the second year comes, it takes out the ice or snow from the ice cellar and places it in the living room to become an "ice tray".

By the Ming and Qing dynasties, this way of using ice cubes to escape the heat has entered the homes of ordinary people. Every summer, the government and the people will use a lot of ice: "Take a bucket of ice, dig a hole and place it in the ground, and the cool breeze fills the house." ”