Which organisms have both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Organisms containing cell structures can carry out anaerobic respiration, some fungi or bacteria can carry out aerobic respiration as long as they contain aerobic respiratory enzymes, and generally not specifically stated can be aerobic plus anaerobic, such as Escherichia coli, there are two kinds, one anaerobic and one facultative anaerobic. In fact, you don't have to memorize these, you can get them according to the requirements of the question.

The first stage of respiration is anaerobic respiration (carried out in the cytoplasm, and the energy released is not too small), the second stage, aerobic respiration does not require oxygen to release a small amount of energy, and the third stage requires the participation of oxygen to release a large amount of energy; The second stage of anaerobic respiration does not involve oxygen in the release of less energy, and there is no third stage of anaerobic respiration.

Animals that undergo aerobic respiration can perform only the first stage of aerobic respiration – that is, anaerobic respiration (in an anaerobic environment), which releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

People can also perform anaerobic breathing, and when running for a long time, they feel that the leg soreness is due to the lactic acid produced in the first stage of respiration.

Yeast, for example, is facultatively anaerobic and can respire both anaerobic and aerobic. Others, there are a lot of them listed upstairs. I just don't understand it...

Basically all higher mammals are

As far as I've learned, those who can do aerobic respiration have been doing anaerobic respiration all the time, but to a different degree.

1. Because the enzymes involved in anaerobic respiration in different biological cells are different0.

2. Yeast, the product of anaerobic respiration in most plants is Shifeng wine sail chain essence and CO2.

3. Lactic acid bacteria, animals, potato tubers, and beet tubers are produced by anaerobic respiration.

4. Some enzymes can oxidize glucose to lactic acid, and some enzymes can oxidize glucose to alcohol and carbon dioxide, which is the reason for natural selection.

The equation for the first stage of anaerobic respiration is C6H12O6 + enzymatic reaction to produce 2C3H4O3 + 4H + 2ATP (a small amount). The second stage equation is 2C3H4O3 + 4H+ enzyme reaction to produce 2C3H6O3 (lactate) + energy (a small amount).

The first stage is in the matrix of the cytoplasm and is exactly the same as the first stage of aerobic respiration. That is, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate under the action of enzymes, releasing a small amount of h] and a small amount of energy in the process.

In the second stage, in the cytoplasmic matrix, pyruvate is catalyzed by different enzymes and decomposed into alcohol and carbon dioxide, or converted into lactic acid. It is important to note that in the high school years, the second stage of anaerobic respiration of the cells does not produce energy.

Characteristics of anaerobic respiration.

Anaerobic respiration is characterized by the dehydrogenation of the substrate according to the conventional route, which is transmitted through part of the respiratory chain, and finally receives hydrogen by the inorganic or organic matter in the oxidized state, and completes the capacity reaction of oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic respiration is less productive than aerobic respiration, but much greater than fermentation alone. The vast majority of microorganisms that undergo anaerobic respiration are bacteria.

Anaerobic respiration can be classified into various types according to the hydrogen (electron) acceptor at the end of the respiratory chain.

1. Because the enzymes involved in anaerobic respiration in different biological cells are different0.

2. Yeast, the products of anaerobic respiration in most plants are alcohol and CO2.

3. The anaerobic respiration product of lactic acid bacteria, animals, potato tubers and beet tubers is lactic acid.

4. There are no enzymes in Budong that can oxidize glucose to lactic acid, and some enzymes can oxidize glucose to alcohol-based sodium and carbon dioxide, which is the reason for the self-trembling choice.

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Anaerobic organisms perform anaerobic respiration, for example, common lactic acid* bacteria can produce lactic acid.

Facultative anaerobic yeast, which produces alcohol by anaerobic respiration.

Aerobic organisms tend to be able to perform brief anaerobic respiration, but the products are different:

1.Animals, lactic acid production.

2 plants, producing alcohol, but individual lactic acid. For example, the product of anaerobic respiration in potato tubers and corn germs is lactic acid.

That is to say, corn and potato tubers and beet tubers in animals and plants can undergo lactic acid anaerobic respiration; Other plants and yeasts can undergo alcoholic anaerobic respiration.

Some can survive, some can't.

Generally, the organisms that can carry out anaerobic respiration are mainly facultative anaerobic bacteria and obligate anaerobes.

Facultative anaerobes, microorganisms that can grow and reproduce in either aerobic or anaerobic environments. Under aerobic (O2) or anoxic conditions, energy can be obtained by different oxidation methods. For example, yeast performs aerobic respiration in an aerobic environment, and ferments glucose to produce alcohol under anoxic conditions.

Many intestinal bacteria, such as acetobacterium, E. coli, etc., fall into this category. Facultative anaerobic bacteria have both aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation, and can grow in both aerobic and anaerobic environments, but they grow better when aerobic. Most pathogenic bacteria fall into this category.

Obligate anaerobes are bacteria that can only grow and reproduce in an anaerobic environment. This type of bacteria lacks a complete respiratory enzyme system and can only carry out anaerobic fermentation, not only can not use molecular oxygen, but also has a toxic effect on free oxygen. Such as tetanus bacillus, botulinum toxin, capsular bacillus, etc.

Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms that can only survive in an environment where there is no free oxygen present. Methanobacteria are one such bacteria. Methanobacteria are used to produce biogas, and anaerobic bacteria are used to treat various organic wastes and wastewater.

No, oxygen is toxic to them (more oxidizing).

No, this is a case-by-case one.

Anaerobes are a class of bacteria that grow better in the absence of oxygen than in an aerobic environment, but not on the surface of a solid medium in air (18% oxygen) and/or 10 carbon dioxide concentrations. This type of bacteria lacks a complete metabolic enzyme system, and its energy metabolism is carried out by anaerobic fermentation.

According to the degree of tolerance to O2, anaerobes can be divided into 3 categories.

Anaerobic bacteria that are extremely sensitive to oxygen: the representative species is Yuetonmonas, which has high requirements for anaerobic conditions and dies after 10 minutes of exposure to air.

Moderate anaerobic bacteria: The representative strains are Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium perfringens and other common anaerobic bacteria isolated in clinical practice. They can still isolate tetanus bacillus after 60 90 min of exposure to air or 72 hours after pus aspiration.

Aerobic resistant anaerobic bacteria: the representative species is Clostridium histolyticum. This type of bacteria cannot utilize oxygen and grows well in anaerobic conditions and not well in aerobic conditions.

No, oxygen is toxic to this organism.

It is not that it can have both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, but that it can respire both aerobic and cellular respiration in the form of alcohol and lactic acid.

Many organisms have anaerobic respiration at the same time, but with different intensities.

Corn potatoes, etc., the anaerobic respiration of corn potato root cells produces alcohol and carbon dioxide, while the anaerobic respiration products of corn grains and potato tubers are mainly lactic acid. Cells in different parts of the same plant have different enzymes, which determine that they have different anaerobic respiration patterns.